Patterns of drug prescriptions in an orthogeriatric ward as compared to orthopaedic ward: results from the Trondheim Hip Fracture Trial—a randomised clinical trial

Purpose In the Trondheim Hip Fracture Trial, 397 home-dwelling patients with hip fractures were randomised to comprehensive geriatric care (CGC) in a geriatric ward or traditional orthopaedic care (OC). Patients in the CGC group had significantly better mobility and function 4 months after discharge. This study explores group differences in drug prescribing and possible associations with the outcomes in the main study. Methods Drugs prescribed at admission and discharge were registered from hospital records. Mobility, function, fear of falling and quality of life were assessed using specific rating scales. Linear regression was used to analyse association between drug changes and outcomes at 4 months. Results The mean age was 83 years, and 74% were females. The mean number (± SD) of drugs in the CGC and OC groups was 3.8 (2.8) and 3.9 (2.8) at inclusion and 7.1 (2.8) and 6.2 (3.0) at discharge, respectively (p = 0.003). The total number of withdrawals was 209 and 82 in the CGC and OC groups, respectively (p < 0.0001), and the number of starts was 844 and 526, respectively (p < 0.0001). A significant negative association was found between the number of drug changes during the hospital stay and mobility and function 4 months later in both groups. However, this association disappeared when adjusting for baseline function and comorbidities. Conclusion These secondary analyses suggest that there are significant differences in the pharmacological treatment between geriatric and orthopaedic wards, but these differences could not explain the beneficial effect of CGC in the Trondheim Hip Fracture Trial.publishedVersion© The Author(s) 2017. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Nuclear waste related satellite mapping in northwest Russia

In the early phase of a project organized by the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) dealing with monitoring of radioactive radiation from nuclear waste deposited at the former naval station Andreeva Bay in northwest Russia, a suitable base map at a scale sufficiently large to be used as a georeferencing tool for radiation measurements and also as a background map for presentations, was not available. It was therefore decided to use high resolution satellite imagery for this purpose, and a collaboration with the Geomatics section - IMT at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), was established.A Landsat-7 ETM+ precision corrected scene from the USGS 15 meter resolution data collection was used as a basis for a georeference adjustment of a system corrected QuickBird sub-scene. By establishing an adequate transformations based on Ground Control Points (GCPs), between the adjusted QuickBird sub-scene and a local grid, it was possible to locate the original radioactive radiation measurements with acceptable precision within the UTM Sone 36 N WGS84 geographical reference frame.At a later stage of the project, after the Satellite Image Map preparation, a digital version in raster format of a Russian topographic map sheet at scale 1:50 000 became available. This dataset offered a possibility for the assessment of the combined Landsat-7 ETM+/QuickBird rectification, and in addition an opportunity for an assessment of the influence of the terrain elevation on the geometry of the rectified satellite image

Nuclear waste related satellite mapping in northwest Russia

In the early phase of a project organized by the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) dealing with monitoring of radioactive radiation from nuclear waste deposited at the former naval station Andreeva Bay in northwest Russia, a suitable base map at a scale sufficiently large to be used as a georeferencing tool for radiation measurements and also as a background map for presentations, was not available. It was therefore decided to use high resolution satellite imagery for this purpose, and a collaboration with the Geomatics section - IMT at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), was established.A Landsat-7 ETM+ precision corrected scene from the USGS 15 meter resolution data collection was used as a basis for a georeference adjustment of a system corrected QuickBird sub-scene. By establishing an adequate transformations based on Ground Control Points (GCPs), between the adjusted QuickBird sub-scene and a local grid, it was possible to locate the original radioactive radiation measurements with acceptable precision within the UTM Sone 36 N WGS84 geographical reference frame.At a later stage of the project, after the Satellite Image Map preparation, a digital version in raster format of a Russian topographic map sheet at scale 1:50 000 became available. This dataset offered a possibility for the assessment of the combined Landsat-7 ETM+/QuickBird rectification, and in addition an opportunity for an assessment of the influence of the terrain elevation on the geometry of the rectified satellite image