Export and Import Cointegration in Forestry Domain: The Case of Malaysia

This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between the export and import in the category of Forestry domain for Malaysia which includes sub domain (1)industrial roundwood; (2)wood pulp; (3)wood fuel; (4) paper and paper board; (5) sawn wood; (6) recovered paper and (7)wood base panel. Johansen (1991) cointegration method was employed and the period of the study covers monthly data from 1961 to 2007. The results clearly show that the export and import of forestry domain is highly cointegrated. Bi-directional granger causality could be detected based on VECM method. Imports seems to positively and significantly affect exports, both in the long run and short run, vice versa.Johansen cointegration test; forestry trade; VECM

Reclassifying forest type to a new forest class based on vegetation and lithology characteristics using geographic information system at southern Johore, Malaysia

Recently forest resources management with regard to precision forestry concept has been highlighted by forest managers, in order to fulfill the demand on quality and reliable information about forest area. According to the Malaysian National Forestry Act 1984, forest is classified into several types by general classification which is based on vegetation types broadly into dipterocarp forest, peat swamp forest and mangrove forest. In applying precision forestry approach, details classification and information are required to render more accurate about managed forest. Therefore, this study was carried out to reclassify forest type to a new forest class based on vegetation and lithology characteristic using GIS technique. Ten new classes were successfully generated and mapped by fusing layer of forest vegetation types and lithology layer in Southern Johore, namely Dipterocarp-Igneous, Dipterocarp-Sediment, Dipterocarp-Alluvial, Peat-Igneous, Peat-Sediment, Peat-Alluvial, Mangrove-Igneous, Mangrove-Sediment, Mangrove-Alluvial and Limestone forest. In this study, Syzygium spp. (19.83 %) was found in abundance in two new forest classes; Dipterocarp-Igneous and Dipterocarp-Sediment forest in Hulu Sedili Permanent Forest Reserve (PFR). Beside that, Elateriospermum tapos (9.92 %) and family of Lauraceae (7.22 %) were found to be the most dominant species in the Dipterocarp-Sediment forest, while Macaranga spp. (11.21 %) and Elateriospermum tapos (11.02 %) found dominant in Dipterocarp-Igneous forest. From the sample plot, Dipterocarpaceae family constituted only 3.09 % whereas the non-Dipterocarpaceae family was 96.91 %. Hence, this study indicated that there is variation in species dominancy at different lithology of the same forest vegetation site

La necròpoli talaiòtica de S'Illot des Porros

El jaciment és situat dins del terme municipal de Santa Margalida, a la part meridional de la badia d' AIcúdia, damunt d'un petit illot de forma vagament el·lipsoidal, d'uns 70 m per 45 m, situat a uns 50 m de la línia de costa i a uns 500 m a l' oest de la gran necropoli de Son Real (o Punta deIs Fenicis) (Tarradell, 1964), amb la que guarda una relació evident (Uim. 1). La hipotesi que en epoca antiga hagués pogut estar unida aterra ferma (Tarradell, 1964,23) és, segons sembla, versemblant, pero de moment no ha estat verificada. Les restes arqueologiques es concentren a la meitat meridional, ja que la resta de l'illot a penes s'aixeca per damunt del nivell del mar i és batuda per les onades; no sembla probable que mai hi hagi hagut en aquesta zona cap tipus d'ocupació humana

The Economic and Sharia Value of Moslem's Awareness for Halal Food in Indonesia

The concept of halal products or foods is now gaining a worldwide discussion due to its recognition as an alternative benchmark for safety, hygiene and quality assurance of what we consume or drink daily. For a moslem consumer, halal foods and drinks means that the products has met the requirements laid down by the Shariah law. It represents the symbol of hygiene, quality and safety product when produced strictly under the Holistic Halal Assurance Management System. It is expected with halal certification to ensure the halal of food consumed by moslem in Indonesia could increase the sharia and economic values for the moslem in Indonesia. Indonesia is a huge market for halal product, and has just legalized regulation on halal product guarantee. The recent dynamics urge the importance of knowledge of consumer's behavior on halal product. This study is aimed to explore an economic and sharia values of moslem awareness in Indonesia with a pilot project in Semarang City. The standard of halal used are defined from the points of: (1) input or material come from; (2) how to get the input; (3) how to process the input; (4) how to store the input; (5) how to transportage the input; and (6) how to package and serve the input. Mixed-method of quantitative and qualitative had been invoked to analyse the data.The results indicated that the level of awarness for consuming the halal food are vary among the moslem community by her/ his income- and sharia-stratum as perceived by them. It is hardly difficult to aware people of A-B-G-C accordingly for halal food in such high intense of diversity in community in short-term. Of course, a lot of efforts and strong committment among the stakeholders is indeed needed to ensure the halal food consumed by moslem in Indonesia

Current review towards the new best practices of Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM) in Malaysia

Corporate Real Estate (CRE) is referring to land and buildings owned by companies which are not primarily in the real estate business used for operational purpose. CRE covers the entire range of activities. Awareness of knowledge of CRE in Malaysia lacks because the researcher found that the operation of properties owned by a few large companies is undermanaged and underused. This review paper focuses on the definition of corporate real estate (CRE), components of CRE, and the current practice in the industry. This paper a desk analysis reviewing the literature on general management of the corporate real estate. By using the secondary data such as Company Annual Report, Previous studies and other relevant sources. There are several different issues to examine along the way, from the business strategies, Constituent and tools to help make the right decisions. It draws a framework for CRE analysis. From this paper, we can find the issue to improve the current practice on the CRE in Malaysia

Spatial structure of demersal fish assemblages in South and Southeast Asia and implications for fisheries management

We provide a review of the assemblage structure of demersal fish resources in four South and Southeast Asian countries. Multivariate techniques (classification and ordination analysis) were used to analyze scientific trawl survey data from a collaborative project in the region. Analyses covered major coastal fishing areas in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. This represents the first such assessment of fish assemblages for the region using a standard analysis framework. Results indicate that spatial patterns of demersal assemblages are influenced by depth. However, other environmental factors such as salinity and substrate type also appear important. Critical fisheries management implications of the observed assemblage patterns are discussed, particularly in terms of the existing spatial management zones. Existing management zones are based on distance from shore and were found to be largely inconsistent with the assemblage patterns observed. If management is to be effective it must be structured to take into account the underlying pattern of the fish assemblages

Complexity Bounds for Ordinal-Based Termination

`What more than its truth do we know if we have a proof of a theorem in a given formal system?' We examine Kreisel's question in the particular context of program termination proofs, with an eye to deriving complexity bounds on program running times. Our main tool for this are length function theorems, which provide complexity bounds on the use of well quasi orders. We illustrate how to prove such theorems in the simple yet until now untreated case of ordinals. We show how to apply this new theorem to derive complexity bounds on programs when they are proven to terminate thanks to a ranking function into some ordinal.Comment: Invited talk at the 8th International Workshop on Reachability Problems (RP 2014, 22-24 September 2014, Oxford

TEMPRANILLO is a regulator of juvenility in plants

Many plants are incapable of flowering in inductive daylengths during the early juvenile vegetative phase (JVP). Arabidopsis mutants with reduced expression of TEMPRANILLO (TEM), a repressor of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) had a shorter JVP than wild-type plants. Reciprocal changes in mRNA expression of TEM and FT were observed in both Arabidopsis and antirrhinum, which correlated with the length of the JVP. FT expression was induced just prior to the end of the JVP and levels of TEM1 mRNA declined rapidly at the time when FT mRNA levels were shown to increase. TEM orthologs were isolated from antirrhinum (AmTEM) and olive (OeTEM) and were expressed most highly during their juvenile phase. AmTEM functionally complemented AtTEM1 in the tem1 mutant and over-expression of AmTEM prolonged the JVP through repression of FT and CONSTANS (CO). We propose that TEM may have a general role in regulating JVP in herbaceous and woody species

Perception of Muslim Consumers Towards Halal Branding in Advertising

The study is an eye opener into areas of Islamic Marketing that are becoming more substantial and have not been addressed. In advertisements, Halal is considered a brand that holds significant value for Muslim consumers. Furthermore, Halal branding especially in advertising has emerged as a new type of marketing advertisement. Such emergence has caused businesses to reconsider their advertising approach to attract new and retain old consumers. The study is aimed at providing an enhanced understanding on the role of advertising and branding towards Halal consumption. The role is further studied upon through extensive literature review and empirical data collection involving Muslim consumers. Analysis of data collected implied that existing insights on religious consumption is lopsided compared to the blooming Halal market particularly the perception of Muslim consumers towards Halal branding. Findings thus not only affect Muslim consumers, marketers, the government but also impact the society

Mixed Ligand Complexes of quinoline-2-carboxylic acid and 4,4/-dimethyl-2,2/-bipyridyl with V(IV),Cr(III), Rh(III), Cd(II) and Pt(IV)

A new mixed ligand complexes were prepared by reaction of quinoline -2-carboxylic acid (L1) and 4,4?dimethyl-2,2?-bipyridyl (L2) with V(IV),Cr(III), Rh(III), Cd(II) and Pt(IV) ions. These complexes were isolated and characterized by (FT-IR) and (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, flame atomic absorption technique, thermogravimetric analysis, in addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Most complexes were mononuclear and with octahedral geometry, except Cd (II) with tetrahedral geometry, and V (IV) with square pyramidal geometry. A theoretical treatment of the ligands and the prepared complexes in gas phase was done using two programs Hyperchem.8 and Gaussian program (GaussView Currently Available Versions (5.0.9) along with Gaussian 09 which is the latest in the Gaussian series of programs)