Contraction of broken symmetries via Kac-Moody formalism

I investigate contractions via Kac-Moody formalism. In particular, I show how the symmetry algebra of the standard 2-D Kepler system, which was identified by Daboul and Slodowy as an infinite-dimensional Kac-Moody loop algebra, and was denoted by ${\mathbb H}_2$, gets reduced by the symmetry breaking term, defined by the Hamiltonian $$H(\beta)= \frac 1 {2m} (p_1^2+p_2^2)- \frac \alpha r - \beta r^{-1/2} \cos ((\phi-\gamma)/2).$$ For this $H (\beta)$ I define two symmetry loop algebras ${\mathfrak L}_{i}(\beta), i=1,2$, by choosing the `basic generators' differently. These ${\mathfrak L}_{i}(\beta)$ can be mapped isomorphically onto subalgebras of ${\mathbb H}_2$, of codimension 2 or 3, revealing the reduction of symmetry. Both factor algebras ${\mathfrak L}_i(\beta)/I_i(E,\beta)$, relative to the corresponding energy-dependent ideals $I_i(E,\beta)$, are isomorphic to ${\mathfrak so}(3)$ and ${\mathfrak so}(2,1)$ for $E0$, respectively, just as for the pure Kepler case. However, they yield two different non-standard contractions as $E \to 0$, namely to the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra ${\mathfrak h}_3={\mathfrak w}_1$ or to an abelian Lie algebra, instead of the Euclidean algebra ${\mathfrak e}(2)$ for the pure Kepler case. The above example suggests a general procedure for defining generalized contractions, and also illustrates the {\em `deformation contraction hysteresis'}, where contraction which involve two contraction parameters can yield different contracted algebras, if the limits are carried out in different order.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur

Motivasi Pemerintah Jepang dalam Rencana Pemberian Bebas Visa Bagi Turis Asal Indonesia

This research explain about the motivation of Japanese policy provides for visa-free tourists from Indonesia. This research uses descriptive research method in which an explanatory analytical research by trying to assess the phenomenon based on existing data. Secondary data obtained from the documentation media which include data from institutions official website, books, magazines, newspapers, newsletters, the Internet, and other sources.The author uses the perspective of neo-liberalism where neo-liberalism assume that the state is trying to maximize its absolute profits through cooperation. The framework of thinking begins with the theory of foreign policy by K.J Holsti where foreign policy is an action or idea designed by policy makers to solve problems or promote a change in the environment, which is in the policy stance or action from other countries. National interests included where national interests is the purpose of the implementation of the foreign policy of a StateThis study found that Japan change their policy orientation to tourist destination country. Japanese government assess that tourism industry is a promising industry in the 21st century. In the beginning, Japanese government issued a visa-free policy for 67 countries include Indonesia. The motivation of Japanese policies provide free visas to Indonesia for targeting 20 million foreign tourists to visit Japan before the 2020 Olympics Tokyo. Implementation of a visa-free policy of Japan towards Indonesia is a precondition to the citizens of Indonesia to have an e-passport, provide multiple-entry visa to Indonesian Citizen and extend the time of the visit from 15 days to 30 daysKeywords: Tourism, Visa, Visa exemption, Olympic 2020 Tokyo, E-Passport, Multiple-entr

Diseminasi Teknologi Konservasi Tanah Berbasis Web Untuk Perencanaan Implementasi Sistem Usahatani Konservasi Di Lahan Kering Mendukung Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan

. Sustainability of upland management has a very strategic role in supporting food-self sufficiency in Indonesia. Weak implementation of soil conservation technology in the field is one of constraint factors in maintaining and increasing the productivity of upland. Without soil conservation measures, upland soil would be vulnerable to soil erosion which leads to land degradation. There are many ways to overcome these constraint including effective and continuously dissemination of soil conservation technologies to support environmentally friendly agriculture. Interesting and user friendly dissemination package will determine its success. Decision support system is needed by agricultural stakeholders and smallholders to assess the potential of their land to soil erosion and the selection of appropriate soil conservation techniques. This system has been created by Indonesian Soil Research Institute in 2007 and named as SPLaSH (Sistem Pengelolaan Lahan Sesuai Harkat). The program has a weakness in dissemination effort because it is still based on single computer personal unit (desktop). Therefore, the use of internet and web technologies as a basis for decision-making system are the best choice at this time. Spatial data availability with full attributes will provide ease of its application. However, the differences in scale by alteration on this default values still needed, so that users can fill data that are better suited to the actual conditions of their agricultural land. Database support system and broader reliable internet access will determine the future of success of dissemination. It is expected that within this web-based decision support system stakeholders and smallholders can easily access the information on the appropriate soil conservation technologies in specific sites in order to increase land productivity as well as maintaining land sustainability

Cosmic coincidence problem and variable constants of physics

The standard model of cosmology is investigated using time dependent cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and Newton's gravitational constant $G$. The total energy content is described by the modified Chaplygin gas equation of state. It is found that the time dependent constants coupled with the modified Chaplygin gas interpolate between the earlier matter to the later dark energy dominated phase of the universe. We also achieve a convergence of parameter $\omega\to-1$, with minute fluctuations, showing an evolving $\omega$. Thus our model fairly alleviates the cosmic coincidence problem which demands $\omega=-1$ at present time.Comment: 27 pages, 15 figure

A study of nanoparticles as a drug carrier on the wall of Stenosed Arteries

The influences of nanoparticles as drug carriers on the walls of stenosed arteries are presented. In this study, three nanoparticles namely Fe3O4 , TiO2 and Cu were used. It is observed that the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles tends to reduce the resistance impedance of blood temperature in bell shaped stenosed arteries. The blood temperature increases slightly in the streamwise direction before the throat region. Thereafter, the blood temperature increases at a higher rate and reaches its maximum value at the stenosis throat. It is found that the temperature distribution is heavily dependent on parameters such as periodic body acceleration and Prandtl number

On the resolution of cosmic coincidence problem and phantom crossing with triple interacting fluids

We here investigate a cosmological model in which three fluids interact with each other involving certain coupling parameters and energy exchange rates. The motivation of the problem stems from the puzzling `triple coincidence problem' which naively asks why the cosmic energy densities of matter, radiation and dark energy are almost of the same order of magnitude at the present time. In our model, we determine the conditions under triple interacting fluids will cross the phantom divide.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Eur. Phys. J. C (2009

Two new prenylated chalcones from the leaves of Artocarpus lowii King

Two minor prenylated chalcones were isolated for the first time from the leaves of Artocarpus lowii King. These prenylated chalcones were identified as 2- hydroxyparatocarpin C (1) and 2ʹ,3,4ʹ,4-tetrahydroxy-3ʹ-prenylchalcone (2). The structures of these prenylated chalcone were elucidated by utilizing the data values obtained from1H NMR,13C NMR, DEPT, COSY, IR, UV and MS, as well as by comparison with literature values

Notes on dark energy interacting with dark matter and unparticle in loop quantum cosmology

We investigate the behavior of dark energy interacting with dark matter and unparticle in the framework of loop quantum cosmology. In four toy models, we study the interaction between the cosmic components by choosing different coupling functions representing the interaction. We found that there are only two attractor solutions namely dark energy dominated and dark matter dominated Universe. The other two models are unstable, as they predict either a dark energy filled Universe or one completely devoid of it.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures. v2: Minor revisions, matches published versio