Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Pengeringan terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton & Rose) Kering

As one of the horticultural commodities, red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton & Rose)) is easily damages after harvesting. This research aims to determine the effects of temperature and drying time on the physico-chemical characteristics of dried red dragon fruit. The experimental design used in the study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors of treatments and three replications. The first factor was drying temperature with three level of treatments, namely 40, 50 and 60 °C, and the second factor was drying time with three levels of treatments, namely 15, 20 and 25 hours. The each treatment was replicated three times. The one cm thickness of sliced flesh red dragon fruit was oven-dried at the different temperature and the different drying times. The results showed that the dyring temperature of 60 °C and drying time of 20 hours resulted in the best flesh dried fruit based on the color difference between the fleshes dried and the fleshes fresh fruit, texture, yield, water content, water activity, total soluble solids, total tiratable acidity, and vitamin C of the dried fleshes fruit. Keywords: color difference, total soluble solids, total tiratable acidity, water activitySebagai salah satu komoditas hortikultura, buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton & Rose) adalah komoditas yang mudah mengalami kerusakan setelah panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu pengeringan terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia buah naga merah kering. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah suhu pengeringan terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu 40, 50 dan 60 °C dan faktor ke-dua adalah lama waktu pengeringan terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu 15 jam, 20 jam dan 25 jam. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Potongan melintang buah naga merah dengan ketebalan 1 cm dikeringkan dengan oven pada suhu dan lama pengeringan sesuai perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan suhu 60 °C dan waktu pengeringan 20 jam menghasilkan buah baga merah kering terbaik berdasarkan nilai perbedaan warna (color difference) antara daging buah segar dan kering, rendemen, kadar air, aktivitas air, padatan terlarut total, asam tertitrasi total, dan vitamin C. Kata kunci: aktivitas air, asam tertitrasi total, color difference, padatan terlarut tota

Diretriz sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica – 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a form of genetically caused heart muscle disease, characterized by the thickening of the ventricular walls. Diagnosis requires detection through imaging methods (Echocardiogram or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance) showing any segment of the left ventricular wall with a thickness > 15 mm, without any other probable cause. Genetic analysis allows the identification of mutations in genes encoding different structures of the sarcomere responsible for the development of HCM in about 60% of cases, enabling screening of family members and genetic counseling, as an important part of patient and family management. Several concepts about HCM have recently been reviewed, including its prevalence of 1 in 250 individuals, hence not a rare but rather underdiagnosed disease. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic. In symptomatic cases, obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) is the primary disorder responsible for symptoms, and its presence should be investigated in all cases. In those where resting echocardiogram or Valsalva maneuver does not detect significant intraventricular gradient (> 30 mmHg), they should undergo stress echocardiography to detect LVOT obstruction. Patients with limiting symptoms and severe LVOT obstruction, refractory to beta-blockers and verapamil, should receive septal reduction therapies or use new drugs inhibiting cardiac myosin. Finally, appropriately identified patients at increased risk of sudden death may receive prophylactic measure with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation.La miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) es una forma de enfermedad cardíaca de origen genético, caracterizada por el engrosamiento de las paredes ventriculares. El diagnóstico requiere la detección mediante métodos de imagen (Ecocardiograma o Resonancia Magnética Cardíaca) que muestren algún segmento de la pared ventricular izquierda con un grosor > 15 mm, sin otra causa probable. El análisis genético permite identificar mutaciones en genes que codifican diferentes estructuras del sarcómero responsables del desarrollo de la MCH en aproximadamente el 60% de los casos, lo que permite el tamizaje de familiares y el asesoramiento genético, como parte importante del manejo de pacientes y familiares. Varios conceptos sobre la MCH han sido revisados recientemente, incluida su prevalencia de 1 entre 250 individuos, por lo tanto, no es una enfermedad rara, sino subdiagnosticada. La gran mayoría de los pacientes son asintomáticos. En los casos sintomáticos, la obstrucción del tracto de salida ventricular izquierdo (TSVI) es el trastorno principal responsable de los síntomas, y su presencia debe investigarse en todos los casos. En aquellos en los que el ecocardiograma en reposo o la maniobra de Valsalva no detecta un gradiente intraventricular significativo (> 30 mmHg), deben someterse a ecocardiografía de esfuerzo para detectar la obstrucción del TSVI. Los pacientes con síntomas limitantes y obstrucción grave del TSVI, refractarios al uso de betabloqueantes y verapamilo, deben recibir terapias de reducción septal o usar nuevos medicamentos inhibidores de la miosina cardíaca. Finalmente, los pacientes adecuadamente identificados con un riesgo aumentado de muerte súbita pueden recibir medidas profilácticas con el implante de un cardioversor-desfibrilador implantable (CDI).A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é uma forma de doença do músculo cardíaco de causa genética, caracterizada pela hipertrofia das paredes ventriculares. O diagnóstico requer detecção por métodos de imagem (Ecocardiograma ou Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca) de qualquer segmento da parede do ventrículo esquerdo com espessura > 15 mm, sem outra causa provável. A análise genética permite identificar mutações de genes codificantes de diferentes estruturas do sarcômero responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da CMH em cerca de 60% dos casos, permitindo o rastreio de familiares e aconselhamento genético, como parte importante do manejo dos pacientes e familiares. Vários conceitos sobre a CMH foram recentemente revistos, incluindo sua prevalência de 1 em 250 indivíduos, não sendo, portanto, uma doença rara, mas subdiagnosticada. A vasta maioria dos pacientes é assintomática. Naqueles sintomáticos, a obstrução do trato de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (OTSVE) é o principal distúrbio responsável pelos sintomas, devendo-se investigar a sua presença em todos os casos. Naqueles em que o ecocardiograma em repouso ou com Manobra de Valsalva não detecta gradiente intraventricular significativo (> 30 mmHg), devem ser submetidos à ecocardiografia com esforço físico para detecção da OTSVE.   Pacientes com sintomas limitantes e grave OTSVE, refratários ao uso de betabloqueadores e verapamil, devem receber terapias de redução septal ou uso de novas drogas inibidoras da miosina cardíaca. Por fim, os pacientes adequadamente identificados com risco aumentado de morta súbita podem receber medida profilática com implante de cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI)

Peningkatan Efisiensi Penggunaan Air Irigasi dengan Aplikasi Jadual Tanam Secara “Nyorog” pada Subak

Salah satu program penting dalam intensifikasi budidaya padi adalah pengelolaan air irigasi yang efisien. Pada subak di Bali pelaksanaan jadual tanam biasanya dilakukan secara serenpak sehingga terjadi puncak kebutuhan air yang tinggi. Akibatnya sangat berisiko terhadap kekurangan atau kelebihan air irigasai pada subak tersebut. Kondisi demikian menyebabkan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi pada subak menjadi rendah. Salah satu solusi untuk meingkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi tersebut adalah dengan melakukan jadual tanam tidak serenpak yang pada subak dikenal dengan istilah nyorog. Dengan demikian perlu dikaji besarnya peningkatan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi jika jadual tanam dilakukan secara nyorog Berdasarkan data yang telah dikompilasi diperoleh efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi yang dilakukan saat ini sebesar 76,52%. Saat ini pada obyek penelitian jadual tanam dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan beda jadual tanam antar kelompok tersebut sekitar satu bulan, dengan awal jadual tanam mulai Pebruari I.  Jika dilakukan jadual tanam secara serempak pada Pebruari II diperoleh efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi sebesar 69,05%.  Jika jadual tanam dilakukan secara nyorog dengan membagi subak menjadi empat kelompok dan setiap kelompok perbedaan jadual tanam sekitar setengah bulan serta awal jadual tanam pada Bulan Pebruari I maka diperoleh efisiensi penggunaan air irigasinya 86,52%.  Dengan demikian jadual tanam secara nyorog dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi dari 69,05% menjadi 86,52%. &#x0D;  &#x0D; One important program in the intensification of rice cultivation is efficient irrigation water management. In subak in Bali the planting schedule is usually carried out simultaneously so that there is a high peak of water demand. As a result, it is very risky for irrigation water shortages or excess in the subak. Such conditions cause the efficiency of the use of irrigation water in subak to be low. One solution to improve the efficiency of the use of irrigation water is by not planting simultaneously which are known as nyorog in subak. Thus, it is necessary to assess the magnitude of the increase in the efficiency of the use of irrigation water if the planting schedule is carried out in a systematic manner. Based on the data that has been compiled in Subak Guama  the efficiency of the use of irrigation water is 76.52%. At present the object of the planting schedule is divided into two groups with different planting schedules between groups of about one month, with the start of the planting schedule starting in February I. If the planting schedule is simultaneously held in February II, the efficiency of irrigation water use is 69.05%. If the planting schedule is carried out systematically by dividing subak into four groups and each group different planting schedules of about half a month and the beginning of the planting schedule in February I, it is obtained that the water use efficiency of irrigation is 86.52%. Thus the planting schedule nyorog can increase the efficiency of irrigation water use through 69.05% to 86.52%.</jats:p

Dinamika Suhu Pengomposan Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga dengan Keranjang Bio Komposter

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan unsur hara makro dan mikro sampah rumah tangga yang divariasikan dengan sekam padi dalam bio komposter atau bioreaktor garden bag. Metode pengomposan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode windrow system. Material sampah organik rumah tangga berperan sebagai sumber nitrogen dan sekam padi sebagai sumber karbon atau sebagai bulking agent sehingga C/N ratio bahan baku memenuhi syarat  pengomposan.Hasil analisis beberapa parameter material sampah organik rumah tangga dan sekam padi yaitu kadar air (%):76,29 dan 9,48, kadar organik (%): 98,17 dan 77,92, pH: 4,32 dan 6,56, Salinitas (mS/cm): 4,03 dan 0,21, C:N ratio :15,72 dan 112,57, total N (%): 0,87 dan 3,81, kadar lemak (%BB): 13,27 dan 9,48, vitamin C (mg/a00 g): 65,11 dan 92,99 untuk masing-masing bahan. Analisis parameter unsur hara makro dan mikro material sampah organik rumah tangga dan sekam padi menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing bahan baku memenuhi syarat pengomposan. Pada proses pengomposan, suhu diamati dari hari ke-2 sampai hari ke-14. Fase termofilik dicapai pada hari ke-2 yaitu suhu mencapai 43 OC  setelah proses aklimasi campuran kedua material. Suhu optimal atau puncak suhu yang dicapai dalam pengomposan sebesar  55OC pada hari 9 ~10 lalu mengalami penurunan suhu dihari selanjutnya, pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari untuk melihat dinamika perubahan suhu dari fase termofilik ke fase mesofilik.</jats:p

Analisis Profil Iklim Mikro Pada Budidaya Cabai Rawit (Capsicum Frutescens L) Menggunakan Bahan Sungkup Plastik, Paranet, dan Kombinasi

The hood is an alternative to overcome the high intensity of sunlight. In this study the type of containment material treatment can be divided into 3 types of containment material, namely the type of plastic lid material, paranet and combination. For microclimate measurements, a temperature and humidity meter and a light meter are used. Microclimate measurements were carried out at 12.00 WITA, on cayenne pepper from 7 days to 35 HTS. Micro climate data analysis is done by interpolation to obtain the profile contour lines. The results of the study showed that there were different shapes and distribution of different micro-climate profile contours, especially in light intensity. At air temperature and air humidity can not obtain contour lines, because the results of the data from the research conducted are not much different. Plant growth rates in each treatment showed different productivity. In this type of paranet lid material shows better results compared to the type of plastic hood and combination material. In this type of paranet lid material produces an average dry weight of 247.9 grams.&#x0D; Keywords: hood type material, cayenne pepper plant, microclimate.</jats:p

The effect of screen materials on the microclimate and growth of chili pepper plant

Abstract Climate change often causes failure in cultivation. So, microclimate modification is needed. One of which is to use the screen to ensure the cultivation of chili pepper plants. The purposes of this study were to understand the effect of several types of screen materials on the growth of the chili pepper plant and to determine the best screen material for chili pepper plant cultivation. This study consisted of four treatments; there is no screen (NO), UV plastic screen with 0.6 mm (UV) of thickness, shading net with 50% shade factor (SN), and the combination of UV and SN. The results indicated the lowest intensity of sunlight and temperature occurs in the microclimate was using a combination of UV and SN screens. The highest growth, the largest number of leaves, and the earliest flowering age was using SN treatment with 30.65 cm, 39.88 leaves, and 36 days, respectively. In Summary, the treatment of shading net showed the best material for chili pepper plant cultivation compared to UV plastic and the combination of UV plastic and shading net.</jats:p

Efek Penambahan Kotoran Sapi terhadap Kualitas Kompos pada Pengomposan Batang Pisang

ABSTRAK&#x0D; Pengomposan merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatan kegunaan dan nilai tambah dari limbah bahan organik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kotoran sapi terhadap kualitas kompos. Pada proses pengomposan limbah batang pisang untuk menentukan komposisi campuran bahan yang terbaik dari penggunaan batang pisang dan kotoran sapi yang menghasilkan kualitas kompos sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 19-7030-20014. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah batang pisang dan kotoran sapi dengan perbandingan berat batang pisang dengan kotoran sapi yaitu: K1 (1:1), K2 (2:1), K3 (3:1), K.BP (hanya batang pisang). Proses pengomposan pada penelitian ini menggunakan Biokomposter Tahiron New Garden Bag 2. Pada proses pengomposan suhu diamati setiap hari, sedangkan kadar air C-organik, Nitrogen, rasio C/N dan pH diamati setiap 14 hari sekali. Suhu pada perlakuan K1, K2, K3dan K.BP yaitu masing-masing mencapai 43,6oC, 44,3 oC, 43,6 oC dan 38,6 oC. Parameter suhu, pH, dan kadar air tidak menunjukkan perbedaan secara signifikan antar perlakuan sedangkan rasio C/N pada pebandingan KBP dengan K1 (1:1), K2 (2:1), dan K3 (3:1) menunjukkan perbedaan. Perlakuan K2 menunjukkan komposisi campuran terbaik yang ditunjukkan oleh suhu pengomposan mendekati termofilik yaitu 44,3oC. Rasio C/N dari semua perlakuan belum memenuhi SNI 19/7030/2004, sedangkan pH, kadar air, bahan organik memenuhi standar tersebut.&#x0D; ABSTRACT&#x0D; Composting is an alternative means to increase the usefulness and added value of organic waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding cow dung and banana stem. This study expected to obtain the best composition of the mixture of ingredients from the use of banana stalks and cow dung according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 19-7030-20014. The materials used in this study were banana stalks and cow dung with a ratio of banana stalks to cow dung, namely: K1 (1: 1), K2 (2: 1), K3 (3: 1), K.BP (only banana stalks). ). The composting process in this study used Biocomposter Tahiron New Garden Bag 2. In the composting process, the temperature was observed every day, while the moisture content of C-organic, nitrogen, C / N ratio, and pH were observed once every 14 days. The temperatures in the K1, K2, K3, and K.BP treatments were respectively 43.6 oC, 44.3 oC, 43.6 oC, and 38.6 oC. Temperature, pH, and moisture content parameters did not show significant differences between treatments, while the C / N ratio in the comparison between KBP and K1 (1: 1), K2 (2: 1), and K3 (3: 1) showed differences. K2 treatment showed the best mixture composition with the composting temperature approaching thermophilic, namely 44.3oC. The C / N ratio of all treatments did not meet SNI 19/7030/2004, while pH, moisture content, the organic matter within the range as regulated in the standard.</jats:p

Analisis Persentase Kekurangan Air Irigasi pada Subak di DAS Ho Saat Musim Kemarau

ABSTRAK&#x0D; Kurangnya ketersediaan air irigasi yang disebabkan oleh debit air yang tidak mecukupi pada saat musim kemarau dan sifatnya tidak merata, dimana pada bagian hulu ketersediaan air cenderung berlebih dan di hilir cenderung kekurangan. Dengan adanya kondisi seperti itu maka perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai kekurangan air irigasi pada saat musim kemarau agar dapat dilakukan pengelolaan air secara optimal pada DAS Ho. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui persentase kekurangan air irigasi yang ada pada setiap subak dan menentukan teknik pengelolaan air irigasi agar merata pada setiap bagian subak. Data primer diperoleh dengan metode wawancara, pengamatan, dan pengukuran sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari BMKG Wilayah III Denpasar. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis untuk mencari persentase kekurangan air irigasi yang terjadi pada saat musim kemarau dan untuk menentukan proporsi distribusi air irigasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan persentase kekurangan air irigasi pada subak daerah hulu rata-rata sebesar -48,43%, pada subak daerah tengah rata-rata 21,99%, dan pada subak daerah hilir rata-rata sebesar 23,92%  dan penentuan teknik proporsional pengelolaan air pada subak daerah hulu, tengah, hilir pada musim kemarau menggunakan Qt rekayasa pada Qt awal yaitu pada subak bagian hulu Qt awal sebesar 2,67 l/detik/ha direkayasa menjadi 1,73 l/detik/ha , pada subak bagian tangah dari Qt awal yaitu sebesar 1,32 l/detik/ha direkayasa menjadi 0,75 l/detik/ha, dan pada subak bagian hilir dari Qt awal 2,53 l/detik/ha direkayasa menjadi 3,21 l/detik/ha.&#x0D; ABSTRACT&#x0D; Irrigation water shortage is caused by insufficient water discharge during the dry season. The water is distributed unevenly; the upstream water tends to have a surplus water, whereas the downstream has the tendency of water deficit. Based on the situation, it is necessary to conduct research on the irrigation water shortage during the dry season, so that optimal water management can be achieved. The study was conducted to determine the percentage of irrigation water deficiency in each subak and determine irrigation water management techniques that ensuring the water distributed evenly to each subak. Primary data were obtained by interview, observation, and measurement methods, while secondary data were obtained from BMKG Region III Denpasar. The data obtained were analyzed to determine the percentage of irrigation water shortages that occurred during the dry season and to determine the proportion of irrigation water distribution. The results showed that the percentage of water shortage of irrigation water in the upstream subak was -48,43%, in the middle subak was 21,99%, and in the downstream subak 23,92%. The proportional water management techniques in the upstream subak, middle, downstream in the dry season using modified Qt, the upstream subak had the initial Qt of 2,67 l/sec/ha and the modified was 1,73 l/sec/ha, in the middle subak has the initial Qt of 1,32 l/sec/ha and the modified was 0,75 l/sec/ha, and in the downstream subak had initial Qt of 2,53 l/sec/ha and the modified one was 3,21 l/sec/ha.</jats:p