Efficient management of backtracking in and-parallelism

A backtracking algorithm for AND-Parallelism and its implementation at the Abstract Machine level are presented: first, a class of AND-Parallelism models based on goal independence is defined, and a generalized version of Restricted AND-Parallelism (RAP) introduced as characteristic of this class. A simple and efficient backtracking algorithm for R A P is then discussed. An implementation scheme is presented for this algorithm which offers minimum overhead, while retaining the performance and storage economy of sequent ial implementations and taking advantage of goal independence to avoid unnecessary backtracking ("restricted intelligent backtracking"). Finally, the implementation of backtracking in sequential and AND-Parallcl systems is explained through a number of examples

Numerical analysis of corrugated tube flow using RBFNs

This paper reports the application of neural networks for the numerical analysis of steady-state axisymmetric flow through an indefinitely long corrugated tube. Meshless global radial basis function networks (RBFNs) are employed to represent all dependent variables in the governing differential equations. For a better quality of approximation, the networks used here are constructed based on the integration process rather than the usual differentiation process. Multiple spaces of network weights for each variable are converted into the single space of nodal variable values, resulting in the square system of equations with usual size. The governing equations are discretized in the strong form by point collocation and the resultant nonlinear system is solved with trust-region methods. The corrugated tube flow of a Newtonian fluid, power-law fluid and Oldroyd-B fluid are considered. With relatively low numbers of data points, flow resistance predictions obtained are in good agreement with the benchmark solutions

SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR MARRIED FEMALE LABOR: RURAL AND URBAN DIFFERENCES IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES

This study examined the supply of and demand for married female labor in the southern United States. Special attention was given to differences in labor force participation, labor supply, and quantities of labor supplied and demanded across rural and urban areas. Once state effects were accounted for, decisions to change participation were found not to vary by urban-rural designation. Differences in demand were fully captured by an intercept shifter and the variations in hours supplied by married females between urban and rural areas. Labor supply varied greatly with the effects of key determinants (number of children, work force experience, family income) being strongly different in rural areas. Different policies are needed to promote female labor supply in rural areas as opposed to urban areas.Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,

Analysis of Texas Winery Visitor Spending and GOTEXAN Efforts to Promote Winery Tourism

Swinburne University (Langworthy, Howard, Fiona & Mawson, 2006), agri-tourism is a growing phenomenon in Australia, often most strongly associated with wine regions. Recommendations to improve include creation of tourism regions & cooperatives, cooperation between sectors (CVBs, restaurants), infrastructure development and model development to measurable factors. South African wineries Bruwer, 2003 identified factors that were helpful in developing a wine tourism market of South African wineries. Regarding South Africa wine tourism, areas of winery business that promote tourism include both service provision and destination marketing, development of wine routes forms an integral part of the wine tourism industry, estates sell more wine through the cellar-door and tourism industry needs well-developed infrastructure. To complete this analysis for Texas, an online survey was sent to over 9,000 wine consumers. Preliminary results of this study found that Texas winery travelers spend over $400 per winery visit. Winery tourism outspend typical tourist in Texas with 24% of their spending related to accommodations spending. Wineries involved in promoting tourism visitations have significantly higher sales and winery visitation than those not focusing on tourism as part of the marketing promotions (p<.05). A secondary aspect of this study is to survey Texas wineries and measure their involvement and satisfaction with TDA wine support efforts. The results illustrate that wineries involved in TDA wine promotional programs report higher increases in sales, winery visitations and attribute increases in sales to TDA marketing efforts over those less involved wineries.Texas Wine, TDA Wine Marketing, State Value of Wine Marketing, Wine Tourism, Rural Tourism, Tourism, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Marketing,

Strategies for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in a world of conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance

Infestations with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, constitute the most important ectoparasite problem for cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, resulting in major economic losses. The control of R. microplus is mostly based on the use of conventional acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. However, the intensive use of such compounds has resulted in tick populations that exhibit resistance to all major acaricide chemical classes. Consequently, there is a need for the development of alternative approaches, possibly including the use of animal husbandry practices, synergized pesticides, rotation of acaricides, pesticide mixture formulations, manual removal of ticks, selection for host resistance, nutritional management, release of sterile male hybrids, environmental management, plant species that are unfavourable to ticks, pasture management, plant extracts, essential oils and vaccination. Integrated tick management consists of the systematic combination of at least two control technologies aiming to reduce selection pressure in favour of acaricide-resistant individuals, while maintaining adequate levels of animal production. The purpose of this paper is to present a current review on conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance for better understanding and control of resistant ticks with particular emphasis on R. microplus on cattle

Methyl 2-amino-5-iso­propyl-1,3-thia­zole-4-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C8H12N2O2S, forms a supramolecular network based on N-HN hydrogen-bonded centrosymmetric dimers that are linked in turn by N-HO contacts