A systematic scoping review on the effects of short-term rentals on the social determinants of health

The popularity of the short term rental market has surged following the arrival of AirBnB in 2008. By 2017, AirBnB had 5 million listings in 191 countries. The benefits of short-term rentals are claimed to include increased tourism which boost local businesses. However, studies have found that short-term rentals tend to cluster in particular neighbourhoods, forcing up local rental prices and reducing housing supply. Local residents have reported problems with noise from loud parties, parking congestion, and express a sense of loss of community. Ultimately, the impact of a highly mobile population could result in social fragmentation of a neighbourhood, with residents experiencing greater levels of social isolation and loneliness. Social isolation is an important social determinant of health, particularly for mental health. The aim of this study is to synthesise the evidence on the impacts of short-term rentals on community health, wellbeing and social determinants. The study will methodology will consist of a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature

A systematic scoping review on the effects of short-term rentals on the social determinants of health

The popularity of the short term rental market has surged following the arrival of AirBnB in 2008. By 2017, AirBnB had 5 million listings in 191 countries. The benefits of short-term rentals are claimed to include increased tourism which boost local businesses. However, studies have found that short-term rentals tend to cluster in particular neighbourhoods, forcing up local rental prices and reducing housing supply. Local residents have reported problems with noise from loud parties, parking congestion, and express a sense of loss of community. Ultimately, the impact of a highly mobile population could result in social fragmentation of a neighbourhood, with residents experiencing greater levels of social isolation and loneliness. Social isolation is an important social determinant of health, particularly for mental health. The aim of this study is to synthesise the evidence on the impacts of short-term rentals on community health, wellbeing and social determinants. The study will methodology will consist of a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature

A systematic scoping review on the effects of short-term rentals on the social determinants of health

The popularity of the short term rental market has surged following the arrival of AirBnB in 2008. By 2017, AirBnB had 5 million listings in 191 countries. The benefits of short-term rentals are claimed to include increased tourism which boost local businesses. However, studies have found that short-term rentals tend to cluster in particular neighbourhoods, forcing up local rental prices and reducing housing supply. Local residents have reported problems with noise from loud parties, parking congestion, and express a sense of loss of community. Ultimately, the impact of a highly mobile population could result in social fragmentation of a neighbourhood, with residents experiencing greater levels of social isolation and loneliness. Social isolation is an important social determinant of health, particularly for mental health. The aim of this study is to synthesise the evidence on the impacts of short-term rentals on community health, wellbeing and social determinants. The study will methodology will consist of a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature

Sirtuin1, not NAMPT, possesses anti-inflammatory effects in epicardial, pericardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue in patients with CHD

Background Inflammation in cardiac adipose tissue (AT) is associated with atherosclerosis. We investigated whether the epicardial-, pericardial and pre-sternal subcutaneous AT (EAT, PAT and SAT) expression of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) are involved in the inflammatory process in coronary heart disease (CHD), and potentially associated to nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-related markers, macrophage polarization markers, cell markers and the cardiometabolic profile.Methods In this cohort study performed between 2016 and 2018, EAT, PAT and SAT biopsies were retrieved from 52 CHD patients (77% men, median age 67) undergoing open-chest coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and 22 patients (50% men, median age 69) undergoing aortic valve replacement serving as controls. AT samples were snapfrozen at - 80 degrees C until RNA extraction and AT expression of actual markers, relatively quantified by PCR. Circulating SIRT1 and NAMPT were measured with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Non-parametric statistical tests were mainly used, including Friedman's test coupled to Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman Correlation.Results SIRT1 and NAMPT levels were similar in CHD and controls. In CHD, SIRT1 and NAMPT were inter-correlated in all AT compartments (r = 0.37-0.56, p < 0.01, all), and differently expressed between compartments, with the highest expression in SAT, significantly different from EAT (p < 0.01, both). Circulating SIRT1 and NAMPT levels were inversely associated (r = - 0.32, p = 0.024). In EAT and SAT, SIRT1 expression was inversely associated with IL-18 (r = - 0.43 and r = - 0.38, p < 0.01, both), whereas NAMPT expression was positively associated with the NLRP3 inflammasomerelated markers in all compartments (r = 0.37-0.55, p < 0.01, all). While SIRT1 and NAMPT correlated to nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), especially in SAT (r = 0.50-0.52, p <= 0.01, both), SIRT1 expression was related to endothelial cells, and NAMPT to macrophages. SIRT1 levels were correlated to weight and waist (r = 0.32 and r = 0.38, p < 0.03, both) and inversely to triglycerides and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = - 0.33-- 0.37, p < 0.03, all), the latter positively correlated to NAMPT concentration (r = 0.39, p = 0.010).Conclusion The study indicates that targeting SIRT1, with its anti-inflammatory properties, may be a novel antiinflammatory strategy in preventing atherosclerosis and CHD progression. NAMPT may be an early player in AT inflammation, mediating/reflecting a pro-inflammatory state