Tutoring Bishop-Pawn Endgames: An Experiment in Using Knowledge-Based Chess as a Domain for Intelligent Tutoring

Most research in computer chess has focussed on creating an excellent chess player, with relatively little concern given to modelling how humans play chess. The research reported in this paper is aimed at investigating knowledgebased chess in the context of building a prototype chess tutor, UMRAO, which helps students learn how to play bishop-pawn endgames. In tutoring it is essential to take a knowledge-based approach, since students must learn how to manipulate strategic concepts, not how to carry out large-scale lookahead searches. UMRAO uses an extension of Michie's [1977] advice language to represent expert and novice chess plans. For any given endgame the system is able to compile the plans into a strategy graph, which elaborates strategies (both well-formed and ill-formed) that students might use as they solve the endgame problem. A strategy graph can be compiled "off-line", where real time performance is not important. Later, during tutoring, the strategy graph can be accessed ..

UMRAO: A Chess Endgame Tutor

Most research in computer chess has focussed on creating an excellent chess player, with relatively little concern given to modelling how humans play chess. The research reported in this paper is aimed at investigating knowledge-based chess in the context of building a prototype chess tutor, UMRAO, which helps students learn how to play bishop-pawn endgames. In tutoring it is essential to take a knowledge-based approach, since students must learn how to manipulate strategic concepts, not how to carry out minimax search. UMRAO uses an extension of Michic's advice language to represent expert and novice chess plans. For any given endgame the system is able to compile the plans into a strategy graph, which elaborates strategies (both well-formed and ill-formed) that students might use as they solve the endgame problem. Strategy graphs can be compiled "off-line " so that they can be used in real time tutoring. We show that the normally rigid "model tracing " tutoring paradigm can be used in a flexible way in this domain.

A Review of Possible Energy Fuel From Solid Municipal Waste

Rapid industrialization and population explosion in various parts of the especially developing country like India has led to the migration of people from villages to cities, which generate thousands tons of municipal solid waste daily, which is one of the important contributors for environmental degradation at national level. Municipal solid waste causes various hazards to inhabitants due to improper management. The energy crisis and environmental degradation are currently two important issues for global sustainable development. The proper management of municipal solid waste requires infrastructure, maintenance and upgrade for all activities. The municipal solid waste management system comprises with generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes. In the present work, acomprehensive study has been made to provide a review of MSW management to evaluate the current status of waste to energy facilities for sustainable management, which will be helpful in tackling the huge quantity of waste and the problem of energy crisis and also evaluated with its advantages and disadvantages

Low-grade osteosarcoma of the ethmoid sinus.

Osteosarcoma uncommonly arises in craniofacial bones and has only rarely been reported to arise in the ethmoid sinus. Most primary osteosarcomas arising in paranasal sinuses are high-grade malignancies. A low-grade osteosarcoma arising in the ethmoid sinus has not previously been described. We report the clinical, radiological and histological findings of a case of low-grade (parosteal osteosarcoma-like) osteosarcoma which arose in the ethmoid sinus