A Module for Calculating Pollutant Mass Emissions Produced by Traffic Flows

Introduction. Road transportation is increasingly becoming the main source of air pollution in cities. The problem of assessing air quality and modeling the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere requires improved models and methods. In particular, modern literature justifies the need to estimate the presence of particulate matter in the atmosphere along with the components of exhaust gases. Air pollution in residential zones should be comprehensively assessed using algorithmic and software support, taking the main factors of pollution into account.Aim. Development of an algorithm and its software implementation for calculating pollutant mass emissions released by traffic flows. The developed algorithm can be used for modeling the level of urban pollution.Materials and methods. The approaches of measurement theory, systems theory, statistical analysis, and mathematical modeling were applied.Results. The methods currently used for assessing the impact of urban road network characteristics on air pollution levels were analyzed. The existing approaches to road classification were considered. Significant characteristics affecting pollutant emissions were identified, including those related to road construction, traffic flows, and urban environment. An algorithm and a software module for calculating pollutant mass emissions released by traffic flows were developed.Conclusion. The developed module for calculating pollutant mass emissions released by traffic flows comprises an integral part of a system for modeling atmospheric air pollution in urban residential areas. The developed software can be used in environmental monitoring, assessment, and forecasting of air pollution to identify areas of concern and implement effective managerial solutions

Модуль расчета массовых выбросов загрязняющих веществ, производимых потоками автотранспорта

Introduction. Road transportation is increasingly becoming the main source of air pollution in cities. The problem of assessing air quality and modeling the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere requires improved models and methods. In particular, modern literature justifies the need to estimate the presence of particulate matter in the atmosphere along with the components of exhaust gases. Air pollution in residential zones should be comprehensively assessed using algorithmic and software support, taking the main factors of pollution into account.Aim. Development of an algorithm and its software implementation for calculating pollutant mass emissions released by traffic flows. The developed algorithm can be used for modeling the level of urban pollution.Materials and methods. The approaches of measurement theory, systems theory, statistical analysis, and mathematical modeling were applied.Results. The methods currently used for assessing the impact of urban road network characteristics on air pollution levels were analyzed. The existing approaches to road classification were considered. Significant characteristics affecting pollutant emissions were identified, including those related to road construction, traffic flows, and urban environment. An algorithm and a software module for calculating pollutant mass emissions released by traffic flows were developed.Conclusion. The developed module for calculating pollutant mass emissions released by traffic flows comprises an integral part of a system for modeling atmospheric air pollution in urban residential areas. The developed software can be used in environmental monitoring, assessment, and forecasting of air pollution to identify areas of concern and implement effective managerial solutions.Введение. В современных условиях автомобильный транспорт становится основным источником загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в городах. Проблема оценки состояния воздуха и моделирования распространения загрязнений требует совершенствования используемых моделей и методов. В частности, в современных исследованиях обоснована необходимость учета содержания твердых частиц помимо составляющих выхлопных газов. Для оценки загрязнения воздуха в населенных пунктах требуется алгоритмическое и программное обеспечение, позволяющее осуществлять комплексную оценку с учетом максимального числа влияющих факторов.Цель работы. Разработка алгоритма и программы расчета массовых выбросов загрязняющих веществ, производимых потоками автотранспорта, необходимых для дальнейшего моделирования загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в условиях городской среды.Материалы и методы. Применен математический аппарат теории измерений, теории систем, статистического исследования зависимостей и математического моделирования.Результаты. Исследованы методы учета характеристик городской дорожной сети для оценки уровней эмиссии загрязняющих веществ в атмосферный воздух. Рассмотрены существующие подходы к классификации автомобильных дорог, выделены существенные характеристики, оказывающие влияние на эмиссию загрязняющих веществ, среди которых конструктивные особенности дорог, характеристики трафика и особенности городской среды. Разработан алгоритм и программный модуль расчета массовых выбросов загрязняющих веществ, производимых потоками автотранспорта.Заключение. Модуль расчета массовых выбросов загрязняющих веществ является составной частью комплексной системы моделирования загрязнения атмосферного воздуха жилых территорий мегаполисов автомобильным транспортом. Разработанный модуль может быть использован для экологического мониторинга, оценки и прогнозирования загрязнения воздуха, выявления проблемных зон и выработки организационных решений, направленных на улучшение экологической обстановки в населенных пунктах

Algorithmic Support for Environmental Impact Assessment of Road Transport Infrastructure on Atmospheric Air in Urban Areas

Introduction. In this study, we develop a system for assessing the environmental impact of road transport on air quality in cities. The research relevance is determined by the need to create improved approaches to assessing air pollution in cities associated with the load of automobile transport. In this respect, a generalized geoinformation model for identifying the urban areas most exposed to pollution is required. This model can be used when developing measures aimed at improving the environmental situation in St Petersburg.Aim. Development of theoretical foundations, as well as software and algorithmic support, with the purpose of creation of a geographic information system for modeling urban air pollution.Materials and methods. The methods of measurement theory mathematics, systems theory mathematics, mathematical modeling, geoinformation data processing, and object-oriented programming were applied.Results. Following the development of theoretical foundations, a software and algorithmic support complex for a system for assessing the level of air pollution in urban environments under the impact of road transport was created. This system includes the modules of initial data preparation, road network spatial modeling, calculation of pollutant emissions by vehicle flows, and modeling of the distribution of pollutant concentrations for each pollutant. A digital model of road transport pollution in the residential areas of St Petersburg was developed.Conclusion. The developed software and algorithmic support can serve as the basis for development of a digital air pollution map. This map can be used when managing problems of urban planning and improving urban environment comfort as part of St Petersburg’s strategic development program. The implementation of the developed digital model in the geographic information system of the city provides opportunities for assessing the impact of road pollution on residential infrastructure. Depending on the source data, including various weather and traffic conditions, the model can be used to identify the most dangerous combinations of pollution factors

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF LAND USE BY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN THE SYSTEM OF THEIR NON–CURRENT ASSETS ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The paper substantiates that because the soils ploughing level in Ukraine has not changed for a long time, soil depletion is growing every year. As a result of the formed culture tendencies which grow on such lands, every year will lose productivity, and consequently, the efficiency of managing the agricultural enterprises systematically decreases. Cartogram of Ukrainian regions grouping by the average annual rent for the agricultural land use is given. It was found that that in the current business environment in Ukraine, the amount of rent does not depend on the soil fertility level, because in most western, southern and south–eastern regions of Ukraine, where the most fertile soils are concentrated, the level of rent is relatively low. In addition, it should be noted that the agricultural land of public and private ownership renting cost differs significantly from each other, which we found by comparing the data of the relevant cartograms of Ukraine. We systematized the results of the impact factors assessing on the sale of gross output of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine in 2014 – 2018 by analysing the dynamics of the return rate on their fixed assets and the factors that influenced its formation. The results of the factor analysis will make it possible to identify the quantitative impact of factors on the efficiency of non-current assets of agricultural producers, the significant share of which is directly occupied by land resources. The work is systematized the results of assessing the impact of factors on the return on assets of agricultural producers of Ukraine for 2014 - 2018 by identifying the factors that influenced its formation by determining their quantitative impact through factor analysis methods, including the method of elimination. It is substantiated that having significant and quite high–quality reserves of fertile lands, Ukraine is 2–3 times less productive than developed countries, which is evidence of inefficient use of agricultural land by agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. In our opinion, the main task of the state to rationalize and establish the efficient use of land resources in the agricultural sector is to introduce a number of measures to ensure efficient land use

A Module for Calculating Pollutant Mass Emissions Produced by Traffic Flows

Introduction.Road transportation is increasingly becoming the main source of air pollution in cities. The problem of assessing air quality and modeling the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere requires improved models and methods. In particular, modern literature justifies the need to estimate the presence of particulate matter in the atmosphere along with the components of exhaust gases. Air pollution in residential zones should be comprehensively assessed using algorithmic and software support, taking the main factors of pollution into account.Aim.Development of an algorithm and its software implementation for calculating pollutant mass emissions released by traffic flows. The developed algorithm can be used for modeling the level of urban pollution.Materials and methods.The approaches of measurement theory, systems theory, statistical analysis, and mathematical modeling were applied.Results.The methods currently used for assessing the impact of urban road network characteristics on air pollution levels were analyzed. The existing approaches to road classification were considered. Significant characteristics affecting pollutant emissions were identified, including those related to road construction, traffic flows, and urban environment. An algorithm and a software module for calculating pollutant mass emissions released by traffic flows were developed.Conclusion.The developed module for calculating pollutant mass emissions released by traffic flows comprises an integral part of a system for modeling atmospheric air pollution in urban residential areas. The developed software can be used in environmental monitoring, assessment, and forecasting of air pollution to identify areas of concern and implement effective managerial solutions.</jats:p

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ВИРОБНИЧИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Інвестиційна діяльність виробничих підприємств в сучасних умовах значною мірою залежить від зовнішніх умов. Значний вплив на неї справляються значні темпи економічної глобалізації та загального технічного і технологічного розвитку, які інтенсифікують процес старіння технологій та значно підвищують роль інновацій та інноваційного оновлення виробничої бази суб’єктів господарювання. Тому особливого значення для ефективної діяльності підприємств та для забезпечення високого рівня їх конкурентоспроможності набуває інвестиційна діяльність, яка дозволяє досягти мети щодо відповідності сучасним технологічним вимогам. В такому аспекті прості вкладення не мають актуальності, оскільки потреба оновлення виробництва є більш масштабною, ніж просте оновлення обладнання. Таким чином у підприємств виникає необхідність побудови спеціалізованої системи управління інвестиційною діяльністю, яка повинна бути спрямована на планування та контроль за реалізацією інвестиційних планів у тісному взаємозв’язку з стратегічними планами розвитку підприємства.&#x0D; В дослідженні розглядаються комплексні вимоги щодо підприємств, дотримання яких необхідне для ефективного здійснення інвестиційної діяльності в умовах посиленої конкуренції. Визначено необхідність формування дієвого та ефективного плану інвестиційної діяльності підприємства, який повинен бути чітко пов’язаний із загальним стратегічним планом його розвитку. Перевага при цьому повинна віддаватися вкладенням в інноваційні проекти, зокрема – в придбання нових технологій, авторських прав та патентів. При цьому матеріальні інвестиції повинні здійснюватися, перш за все в обладнання, машини та виробничий інструмент і тільки потім – в придбання землі або виробничих приміщень. Запропоновано ряд рішень щодо підвищення ефективності процесу інвестування на виробничих підприємствах та ефективного управління інвестиційною діяльністю.</jats:p