Cyber-Security Culture: Psychological and Legal Aspects

Digitalization has become part and parcel of the modern-day human activities. Nowadays it is going into every field of business and personal life. To develop and prosper, most organizations need IT systems, and hence to take the safeguarding of their informational assets seriously. Many of the processes which are essential for securing their IT assets, largely depend on human interaction. This study has attempted to address the culture of cyber-security in the light of psychology and law. The results of the research showed that from the psychological standpoint, the culture of cyber-security involves the willingness on the part of a modern human to overcome the digital expansion by mastering the tools for countering the negative IT factors. In its turn, from the legal standpoint, the culture of cyber-security is based on the legislative framework which regulates the legal relations in the field of cyber-security.</jats:p

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL PROBLEMS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF THE CONCEPTUAL APPARATUS

A distinction is made between such concepts as “robotics” and “artificial intelligence”. These categories are not only multi-volume, but also semantically non-falling. After analyzing the conceptual apparatus of these terms, we can conclude that, in contrast to the first, the second is characterized by the presence of “intelligence”, self-development, etc. However, when discussing the legal status of robots and artificial intelligence, most scientists allow confusion of concepts, making attempts to justify the need to confer a legal status on robots, and not artificial intelligence. The question of considering robots and artificial intelligence as subjects of law, in principle, can be considered justified. However, it is premature to consider this issue, but the topic will not lose its relevance in the future. Among the currently available approaches to the consideration of robots and artificial intelligence as subjects of law, the path constructed by analogy with a legal entity from the point of view of the theory of fiction is the most justified. Approaches that offer to justify the legal personality of robots and artificial intelligence, taking into account the essence of animate subjects who have a real, and not just a formal legal will, will be developed only after the development of digital technologies reaches an objectively high level. When implementing these approaches, it is necessary to take into account the existence of legal and economic validity and social conditionality, as well as a possible theoretical and legal problem, the essence of which is as follows: if new legal entities with legal personality are introduced, the level of responsibility of professional market participants may decrease.</jats:p

Pressing issues of unlawful application of artificial intelligence

© 2020 Lifescience Global. All rights reserved. The article discusses the problematic aspects of the implementation and application of artificial intelligence technology at the present stage of its development. The authors provide definitions of this technology, with its essential properties revealed based on their analysis. Criminological forecasting helps identify groups of crimes most likely to be committed through the use of artificial intelligence. The authors believe that at present there are not sufficient grounds for distancing ourselves from the issue of the subject of criminal liability in case of damage to public relations directly by the AI, but there are no circumstances due to which its resolution would not be delayed. The system of criminal law relations must be built based on scientifically developed provisions. The problems of criminal legal regulation, in terms of the impossibility of criminalizing and penalizing socially dangerous acts committed by artificial intelligence, are revealed. The legislator is asked to develop and adopt legal acts regulating the creation, operation, and use of artificial intelligence

Verification of the Methodology for Determining Thermal Loads during Fireballs Formation

An emergency scenario, in which a fireball is formed, is not uncommon. It happens as the result of rupture of the pressure vessel with the release of the superheated fuel. Hazard of the fireballs is significant thermal loads with a short lifetime. The existing methods of predicting the heat flow during the formation of the fireballs simplify the schematization of the process (assume the immobility of the ball), and, also, do not fully reflect the possible thermal loads. For this reason, the method for determining thermal loads was developed, considering the fireball movement. The purpose of this study is to verify the developed methodology for determining thermal loads accompanied by the fireballs based on a comparative analysis of the calculation results with the consequences of the explosion that occurred on 10.08.2020 in Volgograd. The objectives of the study: determination of the fireball kinematic parameters; based on the kinematic parameters, the calculation of the thermal loads occurred as the result of an accident; comparative analysis of the emergency consequences with the results of the thermal loads; comparative analysis of the results of the thermal load calculations with the results of heat flow calculations according to the existing regulatory documents. To check the operability of the fireball lifting model, the shooting frames of its formation were used. According to the shooting frames, the position of the fireball in space and its kinematic characteristics were tracked. Using kinematic parameters, the thermal loads were determined. To assess the adequacy of the thermal loads calculations, a comparative analysis of the calculation results of the developed methodology with the emergency consequence in Volgograd was used.</jats:p