PENGARUH PERMAINAN DAKON TERHADAP MATHEMATICS SELF EFFICACY SISWA KELAS II SD MUHAMMADIYAH AMBARBINANGUN KASIHAN BANTUL

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of the application of traditional dakon games on the mathematics self-efficacy of second grade students of SD Muhammadiyah Ambarbinangun Kasihan Bantul. At this time, teachers have not maximized the use of learning media, especially in learning mathematics, so that students find it difficult to understand the material and become less confident in their mathematical abilities.This research is a quasi-experimental research (Quasi Experimental Design) using control class and experimental class as research subjects. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire were tested using the independent sample t-test to determine the effect of the dakon game on mathematics self-efficacy.Based on the results of the study, the dakon game has a positive influence on the mathematics self-efficacy of second grade students of SD Muhammadiyah Ambarbinangun Kasihan Bantul. This can be seen from the results of parametric statistical hypothesis testing using the independent sample t-test test on the pretest and posttest questionnaires. In this test, the results of sig. 2 tailed 0.002 which means it is smaller than alpha 0.05 so that the two classes do not have the same average level of mathematics self-efficacy. The control class average pretest and posttest scores remained at 32.55 because they were not treated using the dakon game and the experimental class treated using the dakon game the posttest value increased by 35.90 compared to the pretest value. This means that giving treatment using the dakon game can improve students\u27 mathematics self-efficacy, because the class that is given treatment using the dakon game increases on average compared to the class that is not given the treatment.Keywords: dakon game, mathematics self efficacy, elementary schoo

Botulinum Toxin Is Effective in the Management of Neurogenic Dysphagia. Clinical-Electrophysiological Findings and Tips on Safety in Different Neurological Disorders

Background and Aims: Neurogenic dysphagia linked to failed relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) can be treated by injecting botulinum toxin (BTX) into the cricopharyngeal (CP) muscle. We compared the effects of this treatment in different neurological disorders with dysphagia, to evaluate its efficacy over time including the response to a second injection. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven patients with neurogenic dysphagia associated with incomplete or absent opening of the UES (24 with brainstem or hemispheric stroke, 21 with parkinsonian syndromes, 12 with multiple sclerosis, and 10 with spastic-dystonic syndromes secondary to post-traumatic encephalopathy) were treated with the injection of IncobotulinumtoxinA (dose 15–20 U) into the CP muscle under electromyographic guidance. The patients were assessed at baseline and after the first and second treatment through clinical evaluation and fiberoptic endoscopy of swallowing, while their dysphagia was quantified using the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS). An electrokinesiographic/electromyographic study of swallowing was performed at baseline. Results: Most patients responded to the first BTX treatment: 35 patients (52.2%) were classified as high responders (DOSS score increase >2 levels), while other 19 patients (28.4%) were low responders (DOSS score increase of ≤2 levels). The effect of the first treatment usually lasted longer than 4 months (67%), and in some cases up to a year. The treatment efficacy remained high also after the second injection: 31 patients (46.3%) qualified as high responders and other 22 patients (32.8%) showed a low response. Only in the parkinsonian syndromes group we observed a reduction in the percentage of high responders as compared with the first treatment. Side effects were mostly mild and reported in non-responders following the first injection. A severe side effect, consisting of ingestion pneumonia, was observed following the second BTX injection in two patients who had both been non-responders to the first. Non-responders were characterized electromyographically by higher values of the oropharyngeal interval. Conclusion: These findings confirm the effectiveness of IncobotulinumtoxinA injection in the treatment of neurogenic dysphagia due to hyperactivity and relaxation failure of the UES. Caution should be used as regards, the re-injection in non-responders to the first treatment

Development and validation of the ID-EC - The ITALIAN version of the identify chronic migraine

Background: Case-finding tools, such as the Identify Chronic Migraine (ID-CM) questionnaire, can improve detection of CM and alleviate its significant societal burden. We aimed to develop and validate the Italian version of the ID-CM (ID-EC) in paper and as a smart app version in a headache clinic-based setting. Methods: The study investigators translated and adapted to the Italian language the original ID-CM questionnaire (ID-EC) and further implemented it as a smart app. The ID-EC was tested in its paper and electronic version in consecutive patients referring to 9 Italian tertiary headache centers for their first in-person visit. The scoring algorithm of the ID-EC paper version was applied by the study investigators (case-finding) and by patients (self-diagnosis), while the smart app provided to patients automatically the diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy of the ID-EC was assessed by matching the questionnaire results with the interview-based diagnoses performed by the headache specialists during the visit according to the criteria of International Classification of Headache Disorders, III edition, beta version. Results: We enrolled 531 patients in the test of the paper version of ID-EC and 427 in the validation study of the smart app. According to the clinical diagnosis 209 patients had CM in the paper version study and 202 had CM in the smart app study. 79.5% of patients returned valid paper questionnaires, while 100% of patients returned valid and complete smart app questionnaires. The paper questionnaire had a 81.5% sensitivity and a 81.1% specificity for case-finding and a 30.7% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity for self-diagnosis, while the smart app had a 64.9% sensitivity and 90.2% specificity. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the ID-EC, developed and validated in tertiary headache centers, is a valid case-finding tool for CM, with sensitivity and specificity values above 80% in paper form, while the ID-EC smart app is more useful to exclude CM diagnosis in case of a negative result. Further studies are warranted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the ID-EC in general practice and population-based settings

TINJAUAN FIKIH MUAMALAH TERHADAP PRAKTIK PEMBAGIAN RESIKO DALAM TERNAK SAPI ANTARA KELOMPOK TANI DENGAN PENGELOLA (Stadi Di Tiyuh Kartaraharja Kecamatan Tulang Bawang Udik Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat)

ABTRAK Pembagian resiko di awali dengan akad Mudharabah merupakan kerjasama antara pemilik modal dengan pengelola modal untuk menjalankan sebuah usahanya dengan modal tersebut seperti yang dilakukan oleh peternak di Tiyuh Kartaraharja mempunyai peluang keuntungan yang besar jika dilihat dari letak geografisnya yang tidak jauh dari daerah perkebunan bagi hasil diawali dengan klompok tani memberikan modal sebagai digunakan untuk permodalan peternak, pembagian resiko ini kemudian pembagian hasil ternak yang sudah saatnya di bagi dua sebanyak 40/60% antra kelompok tani dengan pengelola tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat unsur ketidak jelasan dalam akad Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini,Bagaimana praktik pembagian resiko antara klompok tani dengan pengelola? Dan Bagaimana tinjauaan fiqih muamalah terhadap pembagian resiko antara kelompok tani dengan pengelola? Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik pembagian resiko antara klompok tani dengan pengelola, Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam di tinjau dari fikih muamalah mengenai praktik pembagian resiko antara kelompok tani dengan pengelola Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (Field Research) yang bersifat deskriptif analitik. Sumber data primer yang diperoleh dari lapangan atau lokasi penelitian yaitu menggunakan metode survei melalui metode pengumpulan data wawancara pribadi dengan pemodal serta pengelola ternak data sekunder yang digunakan berupa data tertulis yeng diperoleh dari berbagai sumber yang berkaitan dengan tujuan penelitian yaitu dari wawancara para pengelola ternak, buku-buku, jurnal, artikel, potensi peternakan di Tiyuh Kartaraharja Kecamatan. Tulang Bawang Udik Kabupaten. Tulang Bawang Barat Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan di Tiyuh Kartaraharja tentang praktik pembagian resiko antara klompok tani dengan pengelola yang diterapkan, bahwa dalam praktik nya dalam presentase yakni 40%/60% dari 32 populasi dari angota kelompok tani 29, dan 3 dari luar klompok tani sebagai pengelola ternak yakni 16 orang baik dari angota dan dari luar angota 3 dari pengelola saja dan 13 dari pengelola dan pemodal, 16 orang yang hanya sebagi pemodal saja, dengan presen tase % 40-60, 40 % milik kelompok tani dan 60 % untuk pengelola, 40, Tinjaun fikih muamalah terhadap praktik pembagian resiko pada ternak sapi antara klompok tani dengan pengelola, berdasarkan hasil dalam analiais akibat ada ketidak jelas pada pembagian resiko yang di lakukan pengelola merasa di rugikan dan merasa tidak adil namu dalam konsep mudharobah selagi resiko kerugian dan resiko lainya sesuai dengan prinsip mudaharobah tidak di karnakan kecurang ataupun di sebabkan oleh pengelola maka di perbolehkan pembagin resiko ternak sapi antara kelompok tani dan penglola tidak sesuai dengan syari’at Islam yang dapat merugikan pihak penglola, hendak nya jika di laksanakan dan di tetapkan bersama dalam penetapan pembagian resiko, Dalam mengadakan akad atau perjanjian mudharabah sebaiknya dilakukan perjanjian secara tertulis agar bukti dari perjanjian jelas dan jika salah satu pihak melanggar dapat dikenakan sanksi

Practical and clinical utility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine. A post hoc analysis of the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial

Background: The PRESTO study of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS; gammaCore®) featured key primary and secondary end points recommended by the International Headache Society to provide Class I evidence that for patients with an episodic migraine, nVNS significantly increases the probability of having mild pain or being pain-free 2 h post stimulation. Here, we examined additional data from PRESTO to provide further insights into the practical utility of nVNS by evaluating its ability to consistently deliver clinically meaningful improvements in pain intensity while reducing the need for rescue medication. Methods: Patients recorded pain intensity for treated migraine attacks on a 4-point scale. Data were examined to compare nVNS and sham with regard to the percentage of patients who benefited by at least 1 point in pain intensity. We also assessed the percentage of attacks that required rescue medication and pain-free rates stratified by pain intensity at treatment initiation. Results: A significantly higher percentage of patients who used acute nVNS treatment (n = 120) vs sham (n = 123) reported a ≥ 1-point decrease in pain intensity at 30 min (nVNS, 32.2%; sham, 18.5%; P = 0.020), 60 min (nVNS, 38.8%; sham, 24.0%; P = 0.017), and 120 min (nVNS, 46.8%; sham, 26.2%; P = 0.002) after the first attack. Similar significant results were seen when assessing the benefit in all attacks. The proportion of patients who did not require rescue medication was significantly higher with nVNS than with sham for the first attack (nVNS, 59.3%; sham, 41.9%; P = 0.013) and all attacks (nVNS, 52.3%; sham, 37.3%; P = 0.008). When initial pain intensity was mild, the percentage of patients with no pain after treatment was significantly higher with nVNS than with sham at 60 min (all attacks: nVNS, 37.0%; sham, 21.2%; P = 0.025) and 120 min (first attack: nVNS, 50.0%; sham, 25.0%; P = 0.018; all attacks: nVNS, 46.7%; sham, 30.1%; P = 0.037). Conclusions: This post hoc analysis demonstrated that acute nVNS treatment quickly and consistently reduced pain intensity while decreasing rescue medication use. These clinical benefits provide guidance in the optimal use of nVNS in everyday practice, which can potentially reduce use of acute pharmacologic medications and their associated adverse events. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02686034

Perhitungan Waktu Dan Biaya Pelaksanaan Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Prasarana Pendidikan Profesi Guru Universitas Negeri Surabaya Dengan Metode Half Slab

Pembangunan di bidang konstruksi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun semakin berkembang pesat dari segi desain maupun dari segi metode konstruksi yang digunakan. Salah satunya adalah metode pelat pracetak. Pelat pracetak yang digunakan merupakan sistem Half Slab Precast dengan kelebihan waktu yang cepat, kontrol kualitas yang baik serta tidak membutuhkan banyak bekisting dan pekerja sehingga dapat meminimalkan biaya dan waktu pelaksanaan. Perhitungan waktu dan biaya pada proyek ini dilakukan dengan menyusun item pekerjaan,menghitung volume, produktivitas, durasi dan menyusun jadwal masing-masing item pekerjaan. Perencanaan waktu menggunakan sistem penjadwalan Predence Diagram Method (PDM). Sedangkan untuk perhitungan anggaran biaya pelaksanaan menggunakan perhitungan analisa dari data lapangan, observasi, brosur dan standart harga di Kota Surabaya. Hasil akhir pada tugas akhir ini adalah rekapitulasi biaya proyek, metode pelaksanaan yang tepat, durasi pelaksanaan proyek, serta kurva S. ================================================================================================================================= Development in the field of construction in Indonesia from year to year is growing rapidly in terms of design and in terms of the construction methods used. One of them is the precast plate method. The precast plate used is the Half Slab Precast system with fast excess time, good quality control and does not require many formworks and workers so as to minimize the cost and time of execution. Calculation of time and costs on this project is done by compiling work items, calculating volume, productivity, duration and arranging the schedule of each work item. Time planning uses the Prediction Diagram Method (PDM) scheduling system. While for the calculation of the implementation of the budget using the calculation of the analysis of field data, observations, brochures and price standards in the city of Surabaya. The final result in this final project is the recapitulation of project costs, the right implementation method, the duration of project implementation, and the S curve

Improving Capacity Building and Knowledge Sharing to Support Management of Cadmium Levels In Cocoa in Latin America and the Caribbean for Export to the EU

En respuesta a los niveles máximos estrictos para el contenido de cadmio en los productos de cacao y chocolate importados a la EU se diseña el Proyecto Cadmio en el Cacao. Este pretende apoyar a los países (Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Trinidad & Tobago) a desarrollar una vía que facilite y mejore el conocimiento actual de dichos países, así se pueden renovar las prácticas en las cadenas de valor del cacao de ALC para mitigar el cadmio en el cacao de la región y cumplir con las regulaciones internacionales sobre concentraciones del mismo en productos derivados del cacao, mismas que puedan ser adoptadas por otros países en el sector cacaotero. Además, como resultados están el apoyo brindado en la coordinación e intercambio de información sobre las mejores prácticas para la mitigación y remediación del cadmio en el cacao, el desarrollo y estandarización de la capacidad técnica para analizar los niveles de cadmio, mejor conocimiento de la presencia de cadmio en las áreas de cultivo de cacao de los países del proyecto a través del análisis y el mapeo y la difusión de los resultados a las partes interesadas del cacao a través de talleres

Psychological treatments and psychotherapies in the neurorehabilitation of pain. Evidences and recommendations from the italian consensus conference on pain in neurorehabilitation

BACKGROUND: It is increasingly recognized that treating pain is crucial for effective care within neurological rehabilitation in the setting of the neurological rehabilitation. The Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation was constituted with the purpose identifying best practices for us in this context. Along with drug therapies and physical interventions, psychological treatments have been proven to be some of the most valuable tools that can be used within a multidisciplinary approach for fostering a reduction in pain intensity. However, there is a need to elucidate what forms of psychotherapy could be effectively matched with the specific pathologies that are typically addressed by neurorehabilitation teams. OBJECTIVES: To extensively assess the available evidence which supports the use of psychological therapies for pain reduction in neurological diseases. METHODS: A systematic review of the studies evaluating the effect of psychotherapies on pain intensity in neurological disorders was performed through an electronic search using PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Based on the level of evidence of the included studies, recommendations were outlined separately for the different conditions. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 2352 results and the final database included 400 articles. The overall strength of the recommendations was medium/low. The different forms of psychological interventions, including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, cognitive or behavioral techniques, Mindfulness, hypnosis, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Brief Interpersonal Therapy, virtual reality interventions, various forms of biofeedback and mirror therapy were found to be effective for pain reduction in pathologies such as musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Central Post-Stroke pain, Phantom Limb Pain, pain secondary to Spinal Cord Injury, multiple sclerosis and other debilitating syndromes, diabetic neuropathy, Medically Unexplained Symptoms, migraine and headache. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological interventions and psychotherapies are safe and effective treatments that can be used within an integrated approach for patients undergoing neurological rehabilitation for pain. The different interventions can be specifically selected depending on the disease being treated. A table of evidence and recommendations from the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation is also provided in the final part of the pape