RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENGADUK PAKAN TERNAK BERBENTUK BUTIRAN-BUTIRAN KECIL ( DESIGN OF CATTLE FEED MIXER MACHINE SHAPED PELLETS - SMALL GRAINS )

Teknologi tepat guna adalah teknologi yang cocok dengan kebutuhan masyarakat sehingga bisa dimanfaatkan pada saat rentang waktu tertentu. Seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi inilah yang mendukung kami untuk membuat Mesin Pengaduk Pakan Ternak. Tujuan kami yang utama dalam menciptakan inovasi teknologi ini supaya hasil yang didapat lebih efektif, efisien dan berkualitas. Pembuatan alat ini sudah melalui beberapa proses perhitungan secara teoritis gaya-gaya yang terjadi pada saat mesin bekerja, pemilihan material komponen, dan proses pengerjaan kemudian merakit komponen-komponen mesin, menguji kinerja mesin sesuai perancangan dengan bahan pakan ternak. Hasil dari pembuatan alat tersebut dapat langsung dimanfaatkan oleh para peternak yaitu mesin dengan daya motor listrik 0,5 hp alat ini mampu mengaduk bekatul secara merata dengan volume kurang dari 0,068 m3 dalam waktu 1 menit 16 detik. Oleh karena itu keoptimalan kebutuhan konsumsi pakan ternak dapat tercapai. Kata kunci : Bekatul, mesin pemgaduk, motor listrik Appropriate technology is technology that matches the needs of the community so that it can be used at a certain time span. Along with the development of science and technology is what supports us to create Cattle Feed Mixer engines. We are primary purpose in creating this technological innovation so that the results are more effective, efficient and quality. Making this tool has been through some process of calculating theoretically the forces that occur when the machine works, material selection of components, and process and assemble engine components, Test the engine performance in accordance with the design of animal feed ingredients. Results from the manufacture of such tools can be directly utilized by farmers is a machine with a 0.5 hp electric motor power tool is capable of stirring the rice bran evenly with less than 0.068 m3 volume in 1 minute 16 seconds. Therefore fodder maximal consumption needs can be met. Key word : Bran, mixing machine, electric moto

EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTEGRATING TARGET VALUE DELIVERY AND FRONT-END PLANNING IN INDUSTRIAL MEGAPROJECTS

Industrial megaprojects, characterized by their scale, complexity, and interdependent components, often face significant challenges, including cost overruns, schedule delays, and stakeholder misalignment. This study proposes several opportunities to integrate Target Value Delivery (TVD) and Front-End Planning (FEP) methodologies to address these challenges and enhance project outcomes. Drawing on theoretical insights and case studies, the research explores the complementary strengths of TVD’s iterative adaptability and FEP’s structured methodology. The proposed integration emphasizes early stakeholder engagement, rigorous scope definition, and iterative planning to mitigate risks, improving cost predictability, and aligning project objectives. This paper contributes to knowledge by providing a comparative analysis of TVD and FEP, identifying integration opportunities, and suggesting practical strategies to overcome adoption barriers. While the list of opportunities is conceptual, it lays the groundwork for empirical validation and adaptation across diverse industrial contexts. This study contributes to advancing Lean Construction principles, offering a pathway to improving the delivery performance of industrial megaprojects

Indonesian Christian Young People Resisting the Dominant Discourses of Men as Desiring/Dangerous and Women as Non-sexual/Vulnerable

Contemporary feminist studies have demonstrated how the binary constitution of men as desiring/dangerous and women as non-sexual/vulnerable has enabled, normalised, and sustained intimate partner sexual violence against women. Such binary positioning has given rise to gendered religious and sexual subjectivities that severely constrain women’s sexual agency. However, only a few studies have explored the ways this binary might be contested in one’s becoming of a sexual subject, particularly the identification of alternative discourses one’s may draw upon to challenge the dominant one. Seeking to fill this gap, this chapter presents four vignettes of resistance which might rework this gendered positioning among young Indonesian Christians vis-à-vis intimate partner sexual violence. The analysis revealed that these young participants drew on various alternative discourses to which they have access – from feminist, religious, to same-sex sexuality – to give new meanings to men and women as sexual subjects and resist the normalisation of intimate partner sexual violence

Reflecting strategic and conforming gendered experiences of community health workers using photovoice in rural Wakiso district, Uganda

BACKGROUND: Community health workers (CHWs) are an important human resource in Uganda as they are the first contact of the population with the health system. Understanding gendered roles of CHWs is important in establishing how they influence their performance and relationships in communities. This paper explores the differential roles of male and female CHWs in rural Wakiso district, Uganda, using photovoice, an innovative community-based participatory research approach. METHODS: We trained ten CHWs (five males and five females) on key concepts about gender and photovoice. The CHWs took photographs for 5 months on their gender-related roles which were discussed in monthly meetings. The discussions from the meetings were recorded, transcribed, and translated to English, and emerging data were analysed using content analysis in Atlas ti version 6.0.15. RESULTS: Although responsibilities were the same for both male and female CHWs, they reported that in practice, CHWs were predominantly involved in different types of work depending on their gender. Social norms led to men being more comfortable seeking care from male CHWs and females turning to female CHWs. Due to their privileged ownership and access to motorcycles, male CHWs were noted to be able to assist patients faster with referrals to facilities during health emergencies, cover larger geographic distances during community mobilization activities, and take up supervisory responsibilities. Due to the gendered division of labour in communities, male CHWs were also observed to be more involved in manual work such as cleaning wells. The gendered division of labour also reinforced female caregiving roles related to child care, and also made female CHWs more available to address local problems. CONCLUSIONS: CHWs reflected both strategic and conformist gendered implications of their community work. The differing roles and perspectives about the nature of male and female CHWs while performing their roles should be considered while designing and implementing CHW programmes, without further retrenching gender inequalities or norms

Molecular Cloud Populations in the Context of Their Host Galaxy Environments: A Multiwavelength Perspective

We present a rich, multiwavelength, multiscale database built around the PHANGS-ALMA CO (2 - 1) survey and ancillary data. We use this database to present the distributions of molecular cloud populations and subgalactic environments in 80 PHANGS galaxies, to characterize the relationship between population-averaged cloud properties and host galaxy properties, and to assess key timescales relevant to molecular cloud evolution and star formation. We show that PHANGS probes a wide range of kpc-scale gas, stellar, and star formation rate (SFR) surface densities, as well as orbital velocities and shear. The population-averaged cloud properties in each aperture correlate strongly with both local environmental properties and host galaxy global properties. Leveraging a variable selection analysis, we find that the kpc-scale surface densities of molecular gas and SFR tend to possess the most predictive power for the population-averaged cloud properties. Once their variations are controlled for, galaxy global properties contain little additional information, which implies that the apparent galaxy-to-galaxy variations in cloud populations are likely mediated by kpc-scale environmental conditions. We further estimate a suite of important timescales from our multiwavelength measurements. The cloud-scale freefall time and turbulence crossing time are ∼5-20 Myr, comparable to previous cloud lifetime estimates. The timescales for orbital motion, shearing, and cloud-cloud collisions are longer, ∼100 Myr. The molecular gas depletion time is 1-3 Gyr and shows weak to no correlations with the other timescales in our data. We publish our measurements online, and expect them to have broad utility to future studies of molecular clouds and star formation

Premarital sex and pregnancy in Greater Jakarta

Social taboos and stigmas around sexuality and non-marital sex in Indonesia have led to substantial underreporting of the prevalence of premarital sex. In this study, we explore underreporting amongst young adults in Greater Jakarta. We use the 2010 Greater Jakarta Transition to Adulthood Survey (GJTAS), a survey of more than 3000 people aged 20–34 years, to derive estimates of underreporting based on discrepancies reported in the timing of marriage, first child birth and first sexual intercourse and sexual activities. Survival and life table analyses are utilised to identify individual and societal predictors of premarital sex and its reporting and to estimate cumulative incidence across young adulthood. The results reveal substantial evidence of underreporting, particularly amongst women, arising from premarital pregnancies. We estimate that the proportion of the female cohort who will engage in premarital sex by the age of 35 years increases from 4.4 to 22% after taking into account evidence of underreporting. Premarital pregnancies and unreported premarital sex is found to be particularly common amongst lower educated people. This raises important questions for policy and research in terms of the provision of information and support for young couples and the methodological implications of substantial underreporting

Prevalence, motivations, and adverse effects of vaginal practices in Africa and Asia : findings from a multicountry household survey

Abstract Background: Women worldwide use various vaginal practices to clean or modify their vulva and vagina. Additional population-level information is needed on prevalence and motivations for these practices, characteristics of users, and their adverse effects. Methods: This was a household survey using multistage cluster sampling in Tete, Mozambique; KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Yogyakarta, Indonesia; and Chonburi, Thailand. In 2006-2007, vaginal practices and their motivations were examined using structured interviews with women 18-60 years of age (n=3610). Results: Prevalence, frequency, and motivations varied markedly. Two thirds of women in Yogyakarta and Chonburi reported one or more practices. In Yogyakarta, nearly half ingest substances with vaginal effects, and in Chonburi, external washing and application predominate. In Tete, half reported three or four current practices, and a quarter reported five or more practices. Labial elongation was near universal, and 92% of those surveyed cleanse internally. Two third's in KwaZulu-Natal practiced internal cleansing. Insertion of traditional solid products was rare in Chonburi and Yogyakarta, but one tenth of women in KwaZulu-Natal and nearly two thirds of women in Tete do so. Multivariate analysis of the most common practice in each site showed these were more common among less educated women in Africa and young urban women in Asia. Explicit sexual motivations were frequent in KwaZulu-Natal and Tete, intended for pleasure and maintaining partner commitment. Practices in Chonburi and Yogyakarta were largely motivated by femininity and health. Genital irritation was common at African sites. Conclusions: Vaginal practices are not as rare, exotic, or benign as sometimes assumed. Limited evidence of their biomedical consequences remains a concern; further investigation of their safety and sexual health implications is warrante

PHANGS-ALMA: Arcsecond CO(2-1) Imaging of Nearby Star-forming Galaxies

We present PHANGS-ALMA, the first survey to map CO J = 2 -> 1 line emission at similar to 1 '' similar to 100 pc spatial resolution from a representative sample of 90 nearby (d less than or similar to 20 Mpc) galaxies that lie on or near the z = 0 "main sequence" of star-forming galaxies. CO line emission traces the bulk distribution of molecular gas, which is the cold, star-forming phase of the interstellar medium. At the resolution achieved by PHANGS-ALMA, each beam reaches the size of a typical individual giant molecular cloud, so that these data can be used to measure the demographics, life cycle, and physical state of molecular clouds across the population of galaxies where the majority of stars form at z = 0. This paper describes the scientific motivation and background for the survey, sample selection, global properties of the targets, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations, and characteristics of the delivered data and derived data products. As the ALMA sample serves as the parent sample for parallel surveys with MUSE on the Very Large Telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope, AstroSat, the Very Large Array, and other facilities, we include a detailed discussion of the sample selection. We detail the estimation of galaxy mass, size, star formation rate, CO luminosity, and other properties, compare estimates using different systems and provide best-estimate integrated measurements for each target. We also report the design and execution of the ALMA observations, which combine a Cycle 5 Large Program, a series of smaller programs, and archival observations. Finally, we present the first 1 '' resolution atlas of CO emission from nearby galaxies and describe the properties and contents of the first PHANGS-ALMA public data release