Technique to produce catalyst from egg shell and coconut waste for biodiesel production

Many studies have been conducted to develop low cost catalysts to reduce the production cost. Several catalysts such as homogeneous/heterogeneous acid catalysts, homogeneous/heterogeneous base catalysts and biocatalysts (enzymes) have been studied and applied in the synthesis of biodiesel. Base- catalyzed transesterification is commonly used in commercial production because of high FAME yield in short reaction time and the reaction can be done in mild conditions as compared to acid-catalyzed transesterification. In the present study, egg shell and coconut waste were synthesized using calcination method at 800 °C for 4 h. SEM micrographs prove that the mixture of catalyst shows a bigger surface area. This result is expected to increase the yield of biodiesel. It can be concluded that biodiesel was produced successfully using palm oil and mixed catalysts

Opportunities for Biodiesel Compatibility as a Modern Combustion Engine Fuel

This chapter summarizes the feasibility of effective utilization of biodiesel in modern vehicle engines. The parameters discussed in this chapter include diesel engine characterization and diagnostics including performance, emissions, and combustion behavior. The lifecycle and economic analyses with future scope of biodiesel are also described. From the review, it is conferred that a huge proportion of biodiesel is produced from edible vegetable oils, which is a threat to the food supply. Biodiesel sources are focused upon non-edible oils and other feedstocks that do not compete with the food crops. Therefore, the selection of appropriate feedstock is essential to confirm the low-cost production of biodiesel. Concerning the engine characteristics and combustion diagnostics, it can be ensured that biodiesel improves engine performance and emission characteristics with little engine modifications such as injection timing, pressure, exhaust gas recirculation, etc. The review holds well on the possibility of using biodiesel in diesel engines, but still it is not economically viable and needs more research and technology advancements to make it competitive with other conventional fuels in the marke