Hydroelastic response of 19000 TEU class ultra large container ship with novel mobile deckhouse for maximizing cargo capacity

This paper is related to structural design evaluation of 19,000 TEU ultra large container ship, dealing with hydroelastic response, i.e. springing and whipping. It illustrates application of direct calculation tools and methodologies to both fatigue and ultimate strength assessment, simultaneously taking into account ship motions and her elastic deformations. Methodology for springing and whipping assessment within so called WhiSp notation is elaborated in details, and in order to evaluate innovative container ship design with increased loading capacity, a series of independent hydroelastic computations for container ship with mobile deckhouse and conventional one are performed with the same calculation setup. Fully coupled 3D FEM – 3D BEM model is applied, while the ultimate bending capacity of hull girder is determined by means of MARS software. Beside comparative analysis of representative quantities for considered ships, relative influence of hydroelasticity on ship response is addressed

Quasi-static response of a 19000 TEU class ultra large container ship with a novel mobile deckhouse for maximizing cargo capacity

Modern sea transportation is characterized by ever larger container ships, which require direct calculation procedures and numerical tools to achieve their reliable structural design. There are different attempts to increase the ship loading capacity, as for instance a container ship with a novel mobile deckhouse enabling her to carry additional number of containers, and at the same time changing basic structural properties of the ship. This paper is related to structural design evaluation of a 19,000 TEU ultra large container ship with novel mobile deckhouse for maximizing cargo capacity, particularly relying on quasi-static approach. The ship structural design is evaluated both for fatigue and extreme loads, where conventional container ship of same particulars is used as a reference. Independent analyses of new and conventional design indicate that conventional container ship shows somewhat better performance from viewpoint of fatigue, while global extreme loading is at the same level

AAD-2004, a potent spin trapping molecule and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 inhibitor, shows safety and efficacy in a mouse model of ALS

While free radicals and inflammation constitute major routes of neuronal injury occurring in neurodegenerative diseases, neither antioxidants nor nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have shown significant efficacy in human clinical trials. To explore the possibility that concurrent blockade of free radicals and PGE2-mediated inflammation might constitute a safe and effective therapeutic approach to certain neurodegenerative diseases, we have developed 2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ethylaminobezoic acid (AAD-2004) as a derivative of aspirin. AAD-2004 completely removed free radicals at 50 nM as a potent spin trapping molecule and inhibited microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) with an IC50 of 230 nM. Oral administration of AAD-2004 blocked free radical formation, PGE2 formation, and microglial activation in the spinal motor neurons of SOD1G93A mice. As a consequence, AAD-2004 reduced autophagosome formation, axonopathy, and motor neuron degeneration, improving motor function and increasing life span. In these assays, AAD-2004 was superior to ibuprofen or riluzole. Gastric bleeding was not induced by AAD-2004 even at a dose 400-fold higher than that required to obtain maximal therapeutic efficacy in SOD1G93A mice. Targeting both mPGES-1 and free radicals may be a promising approach to reduce neurodegeneration in ALS and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases

Surface modification of HVOF thermal sprayed WC–CoCr coatings by laser treatment

In this work the affects of laser characteristics on microstructure and microhardness of high velocity oxygen fuel sprayed (HVOF) WC–CoCr coatings were investigated. The coating was deposited with a Sulzer Metco WokaJet™-400 kerosene fuel and the laser surface treatments were applied using CO2 laser with 10.6 μm wavelength. Large variations in surface properties were produced from variation in the laser processing parameters. In total, four levels of peak power (100, 200, 300 and 350 W), four levels of spot diameter (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1 mm) and three levels of pulse repetition frequency (PRF) were investigated. An initial set of tests were followed by a more detailed 33 factorial design of experiments. Pulse repetition frequency and duty cycle were set in order to maintain the same overlap in the x and y directions for the raster scanned sample spot impact dimensions. Overlaps of 30% were used in the initial tests and 10% in the more detailed trials. The results have shown that care must be taken to keep the irradiance at a relatively low level compared to uncoated surfaces. High irradiance can in this case result in rough and porous surfaces. Lower levels of irradiance are shown to provide more uniform microstructures, reduced porosity and increased microhardness

Reverberation Mapping of PG 0934+013 with the Southern African Large Telescope

We present the variability and time lag measurements of PG 0934+013 based on a photometric and spectroscopic monitoring campaign over a two year period. We obtained 46 epochs of data from the spectroscopic campaign, which was carried out using the Southern African Large Telescope with $\sim$1 week cadence over two sets of 4 month-long observing period, while we obtained 80 epochs of \textit{B}-band imaging data using a few 1-m class telescopes. Due to the seven month gap between the two observing periods, we separately measured the time lags of broad emission lines including H$\beta$, by comparing the emission line light curve with the \textit{B}-band continuum light curve using the cross-correlation function techniques. We determined the H$\beta$ lag, $\tau_{\rm cent} = 8.46^{+2.08}_{-2.14}$ days in the observed-frame based on Year 2 data, while the time lag from Year 1 data was not reliably determined. Using the rms spectrum of Year 2 data, we measured the \Hb\ line dispersion \sigmaline = 668 $\pm$ 44 \kms\ after correcting for the spectral resolution. Adopting a virial factor f = 4.47 from Woo et al. 2015, we determined the black hole mass M$_{BH}$ = $3.13 ^{+0.91} _{-0.93} \times 10^{6}$ \msun based on the \Hb\ time lag and velocity.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, ApJ in pres

Structural Design Of Ultra Large Ships Based On Direct Calculation Approach

The trend in modern sea transportation is building of ever larger ships, which require application of different direct calculation methodologies and numerical tools to achieve their reliable structural design. This is particularly emphasized in case of ultra large container ships (ULCS), but also other ship types like bulk carriers or large LNG ships belong to this category. In this context some classification societies have developed guidelines for performing direct calculations and for that purpose there are several hydro-structure tools available around the world, mainly relying on the same theoretical assumptions, but having incorporated different numerical procedures. Such tools are mostly based on the application of the 3D potential flow theoretical models coupled with the 3D FEM structural models. This paper illustrates application of general hydro-structure tool HOMER (BV) in the assessment of ship structural response in waves. An outline of the numerical procedure based on the modal approach is given together with basic software description. Application case is 19000 TEU ULCS built in South Korean shipyard Hyundai Heavy Industries. Extensive hydroelastic analyses of the ship are performed, and here some representative results for fatigue response with linear springing influence are listed

τ→πKν\tau \to \pi K \nu Decay and πK\pi K Scattering

Using chiral low energy theorems and elastic unitarity assumption, the $\tau\to\pi K \nu$ decay is investigated. The vector and scalar $\pi K$ form factors are calculated. It is found that the $\pi K$ spectrum is dominated by the $K^*$ resonance. By measuring the forward-backward asymmetry, it is shown that the S wave $\pi K$ phase shift can be determined near the $K^{*}$ resonance region. The calculated branching ratio and resonance parameters are in good agreement with experiments.Comment: 15 pages, Tex, 6 included figure

Vegetation Cover Analysis of Hazardous Waste Sites in Utah and Arizona Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

This study investigated the usability of hyperspectral remote sensing for characterizing vegetation at hazardous waste sites. The specific objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate leaf-area-index (LAI) of the vegetation using three different methods (i.e., vegetation indices, red-edge positioning (REP), and machine learning regression trees), and (2) map the vegetation cover using machine learning decision trees based on either the scaled reflectance data or mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF)-derived metrics and vegetation indices. HyMap airborne data (126 bands at 2.3 x 2.3 m spatial resolution), collected over the U. S. Department of Energy uranium processing sites near Monticello, Utah and Monument Valley, Arizona, were used. Grass and shrub species were mixed on an engineered disposal cell cover at the Monticello site while shrub species were dominant in the phytoremediation plantings at the Monument Valley site. Regression trees resulted in the best calibration performance of LAI estimation (R-2 > 0.80. The use of REPs failed to accurately predict LAI (R-2 < 0.2). The use of the MTMF-derived metrics (matched filter scores and infeasibility) and a range of vegetation indices in decision trees improved the vegetation mapping when compared to the decision tree classification using just the scaled reflectance. Results suggest that hyperspectral imagery are useful for characterizing biophysical characteristics (LAI) and vegetation cover on capped hazardous waste sites. However, it is believed that the vegetation mapping would benefit from the use of higher spatial resolution hyperspectral data due to the small size of many of the vegetation patches (<1 m) found on the sites.open111