The analytical framework of water and armed conflict: a focus on the 2006 Summer War between Israel and Lebanon

This paper develops an analytical framework to investigate the relationship between water and armed conflict, and applies it to the ‘Summer War’ of 2006 between Israel and Lebanon (Hezbollah). The framework broadens and deepens existing classifications by assessing the impact of acts of war as indiscriminate or targeted, and evaluating them in terms of international norms and law, in particular International Humanitarian Law (IHL). In the case at hand, the relationship is characterised by extensive damage in Lebanon to drinking water infrastructure and resources. This is seen as a clear violation of the letter and the spirit of IHL, while the partial destruction of more than 50 public water towers compromises water rights and national development goals. The absence of pre-war environmental baselines makes it difficult to gauge the impact on water resources, suggesting a role for those with first-hand knowledge of the hostilities to develop a more effective response before, during, and after armed conflict

Experiences With and Preferences for Drip Irrigation Systems in Punjab, Pakistan

The data in this study were collected to assess preferences with respect to drip irrigation systems, which was promoted under Punjab Irrigated-Agriculture Productivity Improvement Project (PIPIP) in Pakistan. The survey was conducted among 475 households across four districts (Attok, Chakwal, Layyah, and Sahiwal) in the Punjab province of Pakistan. These districts capture contrasting agroecological zones as well as contrasting agricultural systems. The survey was designed primarily to capture differential preferences along a gradient of drip irrigation experience and exposure. In addition, the survey collects household information such as education, farm holdings, cropping systems, and patterns

Experiences With and Preferences for Drip Irrigation Systems in Punjab, Pakistan

The data in this study were collected to assess preferences with respect to drip irrigation systems, which was promoted under Punjab Irrigated-Agriculture Productivity Improvement Project (PIPIP) in Pakistan. The survey was conducted among 475 households across four districts (Attok, Chakwal, Layyah, and Sahiwal) in the Punjab province of Pakistan. These districts capture contrasting agroecological zones as well as contrasting agricultural systems. The survey was designed primarily to capture differential preferences along a gradient of drip irrigation experience and exposure. In addition, the survey collects household information such as education, farm holdings, cropping systems, and patterns