A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

The Drosophila melanogaster host model

The deleterious and sometimes fatal outcomes of bacterial infectious diseases are the net result of the interactions between the pathogen and the host, and the genetically tractable fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has emerged as a valuable tool for modeling the pathogen–host interactions of a wide variety of bacteria. These studies have revealed that there is a remarkable conservation of bacterial pathogenesis and host defence mechanisms between higher host organisms and Drosophila. This review presents an in-depth discussion of the Drosophila immune response, the Drosophila killing model, and the use of the model to examine bacterial–host interactions. The recent introduction of the Drosophila model into the oral microbiology field is discussed, specifically the use of the model to examine Porphyromonas gingivalis–host interactions, and finally the potential uses of this powerful model system to further elucidate oral bacterial-host interactions are addressed

Netbus: A Transparent Mechanism for Remote Device Access in Virtualized Systems

Efficient and seamless access to local as well as remote devices is a desirable property in multiple settings, including blade-servers, datacenters, enterprises, and even in home-based, personal computing environments. New virtualization technologies developed for PC and server platforms are now making it possible to implement remote device access at a level of abstraction transparent to operating systems and their device drivers. This paper presents a new mechanism for transparent device remoting, resulting in a hypervisor-level abstraction termed Netbus. The Netbus software solution provides both (1) efficient and reliable access to networked devices, and (2) remote access to devices not directly attached to networks, an example being a disk locally present on a bladeserver node. Netbus-based device remoting also supports virtual device migration, device hotswapping and efficient device sharing. A Xen-based prototype implementation of Netbus demonstrates transparent device remoting for block and for USB devices, for both bulk and isochronous USB access methods. Within the same administrative domain, seamless access to these devices is maintained during VM migration and during device hotswapping. Experimental evaluations with microbenchmarks and with representative server applications exhibit comparable performance for Netbus-based remote vs. local devices.

Morphable Messaging: Efficient Support for Evolution in Distributed Applications

All but the most briefly used systems must evolve as their mission and roles change over time. Evolution in the context of large distributed systems is extraordinarily complex because of the difficulty of upgrading all components simultaneously, and the fact that such systems are often very sensitive to changes in the message formats that underlay their communication. Prior approaches to the problem of implementing changes in a deployed system have relied upon adhoc solutions or protocol negotiation to avoid message format mismatches. In this paper we present a novel approach that combines message meta-data and dynamic code generation to create a robust messaging system that naturally support application evolution