US major crops' uncertain climate change risks and greenhouse gas mitigation benefits

We estimate the costs of climate change to US agriculture, and associated potential benefits of abating greenhouse gas emissions. Five major crops' yield responses to climatic variation are modeled empirically, and the results combined with climate projections for a no-policy, high-warming future, as well as moderate and stringent mitigation scenarios. Unabated warming reduces yields of wheat and soybeans by 2050, and cotton by 2100, but moderate warming increases yields of all crops except wheat. Yield changes are monetized using the results of economic simulations within an integrated climate-economy modeling framework. Uncontrolled warming's economic effects on major crops are slightly positive - annual benefits <$4 B. These are amplified by emission reductions, but subject to diminishing returns - by 2100 reaching$17 B under moderate mitigation, but only $7 B with stringent mitigation. Costs and benefits are sensitive to irreducible uncertainty about the fertilization effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, without which unabated warming incurs net costs of up to$18 B, generating benefits to moderate (stringent) mitigation as large as $26 B ($20 B)

Sociology Working Papers

This paper considers whether it is still possible to identify a status order in contemporary Britain. We analyse the occupational structure of friendship and present empirical results which show that there is one dimension of this structure that can be plausibly interpreted as reflecting a hierarchy of status. This status hierarchy is gender-neutral, and displays clear continuities with that depicted for the later nineteenth and earlier twentieth centuries in historical and earlier sociological research. We further show that the correlation between social status and both income and education is only rather modest. As regards status and class, we find that while some classes show a rather high degree of status homogeneity, in other classes status stratification is quite extensive

The Complexity of Segmented Channel Routing

and dynamic partitioning for transient simulation of large scale bipolar circuits, ” in IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., June 1985, pp. 32-34. [17] M. Nakano, Y. Mae, and I. Shirakawa, “A waveform relaxation metho

Linking energy system and macroeconomic growth models

Model coupling, Computational economics, Supply theory, Capital theory, Energy system model, Growth model, Transition dynamics,