Experiments on the viscera-deposit of the Salvarsan

Improving Jancso's vital demonstration of Salvarsan, normal neo-tanvarsan (a Japanese neosalvarsan) was injected into a rabbit at the rate of 0.1 g per kilo of its weight, by the four following methods, and the viscera-deposit and the hours of the excretion of salvarsan were investigated. 1. Method with concentrated solution. Normal neo-tanvarsan was injected into the vein of a rabbit; the quantity used being 0.1 g dissolved in 5 cc Aq. dist. per kilo of the weight of the animal. 2. Method with dilute solution. The same quantity of normal neo-tanvarsan dissolved in 50 cc of 0.4% NaCl solution was injected into a vein in the same conditions as in method 1. 3. Method with active serum. The same dose of normal neo tanvarsan dissolved in 5 cc of the serum of a rabbit was injected into a vein in conditions otherwise identical with those of Methods 1. & 2. 4. Method with inactive serum. The serum of a rabbit was rendered inactive by subjection to a constant temperature of 60°C during the period of an hour. In this, normal neo-tanvarsan was disselved at the rate of 0.1g to 5 cc of serum per kilo of the weight of the animal, and injected into a vein. Air embolism reselted in the deaths of the rabbits treated in the abeve ways after periods of, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 70 hours respectively. All the organs were then extracted, and sections made on the freezing microtome. Examination for salvarsan in the cells of the organs was made by the following method:- (A) Fixation in 10% Formalin for three days. (B) Making sections on the freezing microtome. (C) Bathing for 1,5 hours in a mixture of 1 part, 3% silver nitrate, to which had been added sufficient ammonia to destroy the brown turbidity of the liquid; and 1 part pure glycerine. In this developer, the salvarsan and derivates present in the tissues became brown-black in colour. (D) Cleansing for one minute in H(2)O. (E) Bathing in 1% thiosulphate of Soda (Na(2)S(2)O(3)) for 10 minutes. (F) Cleansing in H(2)O. By the above process, the following results were demonstrated. (1) In the case of the dilute injection, there is an even dispersion of salvarsan throughout the organs. In the casc of the injection of the concentrated solution salvarsan was found to be remarkably evident after 10 to 20 hours, as compared with the other methods. In the case of the inactive serum injection, the precipitation of salvarsan was least, viz. the affinity of the organs was least. (2) Thus, in these injections, salvarsan was taken in the Kupffercells of the liver, sinus cells and endothelial cells of the spleen, endothelial cells of the suprarenal gland, endothelial cells of the lymphatic gland, endothelial cells and reticular cells of bone marrow and histiocytare cells of interstitiar intermediate tissues of other organs (lungs, heart, testiculae, salivary glands, small intestine, thymus gland) and histioegtere cells of milk spots of the omentum and some parenchym cells (liver cells of liver and the epithelial cells of the kidney). In short, salvarsan is taken in endoreticular cells and some parenchym cells. (3) Finally, histological observation showed little difference in the injury to tissues, resulting from any these four methods of salvarsan injection. All the injections produced oft degeneration to the liver cells of the liver and epithelial cells of the kidney and congestion of each organ

Comparación de la eficacia analgésica entre diclofenaco 100 mg y ketoprofeno 100 mg en cirugía de terceras molares retenidas en pacientes de un centro odontológico Chiclayo 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal evaluar la eficacia analgésica entre diclofenaco 100 mg y ketoprofeno 100 mg en cirugía de terceras molares retenidas en pacientes de un centro odontológico, Chiclayo, 2022. Fue un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, observacional, de diseño experimental y de corte longitudinal. La muestra estuvo formada por 20 pacientes para cada grupo de fármaco, siendo 20 para la administración de Diclofenaco y 20 para la administración de Ketoprofeno. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron el examen clínico y el cuestionario. Los resultados mostraron que la intensidad del dolor para pacientes del grupo del Ketoprofeno fue menor durante la 3º, 6º, 9º y 12º hora post operatoria (p-valor de 0.000). en comparación con los del grupo de Diclofenaco, a excepción de las 24 horas post operatoria en donde no hubo diferencias (p-valor de 0.074). Se concluyó que el ketoprofeno de 100 mg y el diclofenaco de 100 mg presentaron la misma eficacia analgésico al ser usados como profilácticos previos a cirugía de terceras molares en pacientes de un centro odontológico de la ciudad de Chiclayo

GPs’ Interactional Styles in Consultations with Dutch and Ethnic Minority Patients

The aim of this study was to examine interactional styles of general practitioners (GPs) in consultations with Dutch patients as compared to ethnic minority patients, from the perspective of level of mutual understanding between patient and GP. Data of 103 transcripts of video-registered medical interviews were analyzed to assess GPs’ communication styles in terms of involvement, detachment, shared decision-making and patient-centeredness. Surveys were used to collect data on patients’ characteristics and mutual understanding. Results show that overall, GPs communicate less adequately with ethnic minority patients than with Dutch patients; they involve them less in decision-making and check their understanding of what has been discussed less often. Intercultural consultations are thus markedly distinguishable from intracultural consultations by a lack of adequate communicative behavior by GPs. As every patient has a moral and legal right to make informed decisions, it is concluded that GPs should check more often whether their ethnic minority patients have understood what has been said during the medical consultation