The Effect of Indonesian Traditional Music on Stress in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels. Changes in blood glucose levels in type II diabetes mellitus patients can be influenced by many factors, one of which is changes in stress level. Patients with diabetes mellitus type II need not only pharmacology treatments but also non-pharmacology treatments and complementary therapy to reduce their stress. Music therapy is one type of complementary therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of saluang, which is a form of Indonesian traditional music, on reducing the stress of type II diabetes mellitus patients. The design of this study was quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest. There were 20 participants, who were all diagnosed as type II diabetes mellitus patients. Data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests. The average stress level of the type II diabetes mellitus patients obtained before receiving saluang music therapy was 22.5 (SD 5.0), and after receiving saluang music therapy the value was 14.5 (SD 2.3); this difference was significant (p < 0.01). Therefore, we can conclude that Indonesian traditional music can be used as therapy to reduce the patient stress level. So, it is recommended that saluang be used as a complementary therapy for type II diabetes mellitus patients. Keywords: Indonesian traditional music, saluang, stress, type II diabetes mellitu

THE RELATIONSHIP OF COGNITIVE STATUS AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY IN NURSING HOME

Introduction: The increasing of life expectancy cause the number of elderly population in the world also increases. The quality of life of elderly as important aspect should be aware by health provider. One of the factors that affect the quality of life is cognitive status. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of cognitive status and quality of life of elderly in nursing home. Method: The research was analytic survey with cross sectional study approach. Population was the elderly who stay at nursing home. The numbers of participants were 52 elderly taken by simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as frequency distribution and chi square test. Results: The results showed 71.2% of elderly with sufficient quality of life, 82.7% of elderly with normal cognitive status and there was relationship of cognitive status of elderly with their quality of life. Discussion: Based on the result of this study can be concluded that the increasing of cognitive status will be followed by improvement of quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, the recommendation to the leadership and employees of nursing home especially health provider to design the activities that are able to encourage the elderly cognitive status in order to enhance the quality of life of the elderly. It can be by providing facilities such as exercise equipments, reading sources such as newspapers and other brain exercises activities. Key words: Quality Of Life, Cognitive status, Elderl

Cidadania na escola: limites e possibilidades na prática educativa

This article analyzes how citizenship materializes in the school considering the curricular and methodological characteristics of teaching. It reflects about conceptual issues and forms of transposing citizenship in the school environment, situating categories and difficulties in the discoursive and methodological operations as parts of the process of citizenship learning. The investigation also includes the study of citizenship expressed by the children’s voices vis-à-vis the actions already developed by the school. Among the most meaningful results related to the teachers is the dichotomy between discourse and methodology originating from the contradictions of the school system. As far as the students are concerned, the lack of knowledge about the local space stands in opposition to the goal of articulating different spheres of interaction, besides the silencing and difficulty of working in a group. Among the moments of intervention one can highlight an improvement in participation, better knowledge of the local context and evidences of autonomy, which are important prerogatives for the citizen’s personal and social development. Key words: citizenship, reflection, knowledge, methodology.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a cidadania se materializa na escola considerando as características curriculares e metodológicas do ensino. Reflete sobre questões conceituais e formas de transposição da cidadania em ambiente escolar situando categorias e dificuldades nas operacionalizações discursivas e metodológicas como partes do processo de aprendizagem cidadã. A investigação abrange também o estudo da cidadania expressa na voz das crianças, frente às ações já desenvolvidas pela escola. Entre os resultados mais significativos dos professores está a dicotomia entre discurso e metodologia oriunda das contradições do sistema escolar. Quanto aos alunos, a falta de saberes sobre o espaço local opõe-se aos objetivos de articulação entre diferentes esferas de interação. além do silenciamento e da dificuldade de operar em grupo. Dos momentos de intervenção, podemse destacar melhoria na participação, maior conhecimento local e indícios importantes de autonomia, prerrogativas importantes à formação pessoal e social do cidadão. Palavras-chave: cidadania, conhecimento, metodologia

Application of a solar absorption refrigeration system for airconditioning of buildings

Abstract This paper describes the Sofri project, a co-operation between Ceeran Ltd and The Delft University of Technology. The main objective of this project is to develop the necessary knowledge and experience to commercialize solar-assisted air conditioning and dehumidification systems in the Dutch Caribbean. The project is motivated by the present needs of the Dutch Caribbean for renewable energy sources and the fact that the Caribbean has a high and uniform insolation throughout the year. Furthermore, hotels and offices in this area use more than 40% of their energy for airconditioning purposes. Therefore, solar-assisted air conditioning systems are a logic approach in reducing the energy demand and to lower the peak electricity demands for the local power station. Ceeran Ltd has the objective to reach full commercialisation of the proposed technologies in the Dutch Caribbean. The research is concentrated on liquid absorption machines and solar collection systems such as flat plates with selective surfaces, heat pipe evacuated tubes flat plate collectors, and Compound Parabolic Concentrators. The first demonstration unit is planned to be installed in an office building in Curaçao. The installation consists of a 35 kW LiBr/H 2 O absorption machine driven by 100 m 2 flat plate collectors with a gas backup system. The system will provide comfort air-conditioning for this these type of office buildings during daytime

Cidadania na escola: limites e possibilidades na prática educativa

This article analyzes how citizenship materializes in the school considering the curricular and methodological characteristics of teaching. It reflects about conceptual issues and forms of transposing citizenship in the school environment, situating categories and difficulties in the discoursive and methodological operations as parts of the process of citizenship learning. The investigation also includes the study of citizenship expressed by the children’s voices vis-à-vis the actions already developed by the school. Among the most meaningful results related to the teachers is the dichotomy between discourse and methodology originating from the contradictions of the school system. As far as the students are concerned, the lack of knowledge about the local space stands in opposition to the goal of articulating different spheres of interaction, besides the silencing and difficulty of working in a group. Among the moments of intervention one can highlight an improvement in participation, better knowledge of the local context and evidences of autonomy, which are important prerogatives for the citizen’s personal and social development. Key words: citizenship, reflection, knowledge, methodology.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a cidadania se materializa na escola considerando as características curriculares e metodológicas do ensino. Reflete sobre questões conceituais e formas de transposição da cidadania em ambiente escolar situando categorias e dificuldades nas operacionalizações discursivas e metodológicas como partes do processo de aprendizagem cidadã. A investigação abrange também o estudo da cidadania expressa na voz das crianças, frente às ações já desenvolvidas pela escola. Entre os resultados mais significativos dos professores está a dicotomia entre discurso e metodologia oriunda das contradições do sistema escolar. Quanto aos alunos, a falta de saberes sobre o espaço local opõe-se aos objetivos de articulação entre diferentes esferas de interação. além do silenciamento e da dificuldade de operar em grupo. Dos momentos de intervenção, podemse destacar melhoria na participação, maior conhecimento local e indícios importantes de autonomia, prerrogativas importantes à formação pessoal e social do cidadão. Palavras-chave: cidadania, conhecimento, metodologia

Aprendizagem constante da liderança na percepção dos discentes de enfermagem: contributos teóricos de Peter Senge

Descriptive and exploratory research of the case study type, carried out at a Federal Public University in the Northeast Region. The objective was to analyze the student's perception about the constant learning of leadership in undergraduate nursing based on the theoretical contributions of Peter Senge, with the approach of the disciplines of the personal domain, mental models, shared vision, team learning and systemic thinking. For the collection, we opted for data triangulation, through the adoption of the following techniques: semi-structured interview, workshop and document analysis. The data were systematized and treated with content analysis by Minayo and aided by the NVIVO 11 software. The predominance of females in the course was verified, justified by the historical association with the “care” object of nursing work. The precociousness of training and early insertion in the labor market was demonstrated. Four categories and two subcategories were identified. We sought to bring the concept of leadership closer to Senge's theoretical contributions through his subcategory “ecology of leadership” with three models of leadership: local leadership at the forefront the use of the disciplines of systemic thinking with mental models aims to promote development from the shared vision and associated with the network leadership, it acts in the construction of local skills and insertion of new practices and the executive leadership innovates and integrates learning with the different services in the same vision. The perception, incentives and applications attributed by these students were identified. Demonstrated maturity and evolution in the understanding of the concept of the theme during the course due to the approach and insertion of them in the field of practice. Behavioral, relational characteristics and skills considered necessary for the performance of the nurse-leader in the work scenario, addressed in the subcategory “the vision of leadership” with the leader as a designer and the leader as a teacher, requires the transformation of services by systemic thinking, to the idea of the leader as an example in the personal domain, reflection on mental models, commitment to shared vision, and the ability for dialogue and discussion in team learning. The profile of training and teaching leadership at undergraduate level, articulated with theory and practice, showed in the documentary analysis that its content has implicit data that enables the development of leadership by students during the course of graduation, consistent with the findings in interviews and workshops. It was pointed out that the use of innovations and the diversity of methodological approaches integrated into the theoretical and practical spaces, contribute to the teaching of leadership, in addition to stimulating the protagonism, autonomy, healthy interpersonal relationships and the development of critical sense in the student, reflective, as well as favoring seeing complexities in a clear way in order to adopt more resolutive actions. Thus, having understood the relevance of the theme for nursing, it is considered essential to promote reflections on this issue in different regions of the country and to strive for its peculiarities to be included in the curricular guidelines. In this sense, the present study contributes to the achievement of these purposes, as it indicates important ways to strengthen the development and improvement of this competence early, even during the graduation of future professionals.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESPrograma de Apoio a Jovens Doutores da Universidade Federal da Bahia (PROPESQ)Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória do tipo estudo de caso, realizada numa Universidade Pública Federal da Região Nordeste. Objetivou-se analisar a percepção discente acerca da aprendizagem constante da liderança na graduação em enfermagem baseado nos contributos teóricos de Peter Senge, com a abordagem das disciplinas do domínio pessoal, modelos mentais, visão compartilhada, aprendizagem em equipe e pensamento sistêmico. Para a coleta, optou-se pela triangulação dos dados, por meio da adoção das seguintes técnicas: entrevista semiestruturada, oficina e análise documental. Os dados foram sistematizados e tratados com análise de conteúdo de Minayo e auxiliado pelo software NVIVO 11. Verificado a predominância do sexo feminino no curso, justificado pela associação histórica com o “cuidado” objeto de trabalho da enfermagem. Demonstrou-se a precocidade da formação e inserção mais cedo no mercado de trabalho. Apontaram-se quatro categorias e duas subcategorias. Buscou-se aproximar o conceito da liderança aos contributos teóricos de Senge por meio da sua subcategoria “ecologia da liderança” com três modelos de liderança: liderança local na linha de frente o uso das disciplinas do pensamento sistêmico com os modelos mentais visa promover o desenvolvimento da visão compartilhada e associada à liderança de rede atua na construção das habilidades locais e inserção de novas práticas e a liderança executiva inova e integra o aprendizado com os diversos serviços numa mesma visão. Identificou-se a percepção, incentivos e aplicações atribuídas por esses discentes. Demonstrado um amadurecimento e evolução no entendimento do conceito da temática no decurso do curso em razão da aproximação e inserção dos mesmos no campo de prática. Características comportamentais, relacionais e habilidades consideradas necessárias para a atuação do enfermeiro-líder no cenário de trabalho, abordada na subcategoria “a visão da liderança” com o líder como designer e o líder como um professor, requer a transformação dos serviços pelo pensamento sistêmico, à ideia do líder como exemplo no domínio pessoal, a reflexão nos modelos mentais, o comprometimento na visão compartilhada, e a habilidade do diálogo e da discussão na aprendizagem em equipe. O perfil da formação e o ensino da liderança na graduação, articulados com a teoria e a prática, evidenciou-se na análise documental que o seu conteúdo possui dados implícitos que possibilita o desenvolvimento da liderança pelos discentes no decurso da graduação, condizentes com os achados nas entrevistas e oficinas. Apontou-se que o uso das inovações e da diversidade de abordagens metodológicas integrada aos espaços teóricos e práticos, contribuem para o ensino da liderança, além de estimular no discente o protagonismo, a autonomia, as relações interpessoais saudáveis e o desenvolvimento do senso crítico, reflexivo, bem como favorece enxergar as complexidades de forma clara para poder adotar ações mais resolutivas. Assim, compreendida a relevância da temática para a enfermagem, considera-se fundamental promover reflexões a esse respeito em diversas regiões do país e batalhar para que suas peculiaridades sejam contempladas nas diretrizes curriculares. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo contribui para alcance desses propósitos, por indicar caminhos importantes para fortalecer o desenvolvimento e o aprimoramento dessa competência precocemente, ainda durante a graduação dos futuros profissionais

Interferon-gamma alters the phagocytic activity of the mouse trophoblast

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mediates diverse functions in bone marrow-derived phagocytes, including phagocytosis and microbe destruction. This cytokine has also been detected at implantation sites under both physiological and pathological conditions in many different species. At these particular sites, the outermost embryonic cell layer in close contact with the maternal tissues, the trophoblast exhibits intense phagocytic activity. To determine whether IFN-gamma affects phagocytosis of mouse-trophoblast cells, ectoplacental cone-derived trophoblast was cultured and evaluated for erythrophagocytosis. Phagocytic activity was monitored ultrastructurally and expressed as percentage of phagocytic trophoblast in total trophoblast cells. Conditioned medium from concanavalin-A-stimulated spleen cells significantly enhanced trophoblast phagocytosis. This effect was blocked by pre-incubation with an anti-IFN-gamma neutralizing antibody. Introduction of mouse recombinant IFN-gamma (mrIFN-gamma) to cultures did not increase cell death, but augmented the percentage of phagocytic cells in a dose-dependent manner. Ectoplacental cones from mice deficient for IFN-gamma receptor alpha-chain showed a significant decrease of the phagocytosis, even under mrIFN-gamma stimulation, suggesting that IFN-gamma-induced phagocytosis are receptor-mediated. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses confirmed the presence of mRNA for IFN-gamma receptor alpha and beta-chains in trophoblast cells and detected a significant increase in the mRNA levels of IFN-gamma receptor beta-chain, mainly, when cultured cells were exposed to IFN-gamma. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses also revealed protein expression of the IFN-gamma receptor alpha-chain. These results suggest that IFN-gamma may participate in the phagocytic activation of the mouse trophoblast, albeit the exact mechanism was not hereby elucidated. Protective and/or nutritional fetal benefit may result from this physiological response. In addition, our data also shed some light on the understanding of trophoblast tolerance to inflammatory/immune cytokines during normal gestation