A PERSPECTIVE ON COACHING AND ITS INTEGRATION INTO THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF SPORT COMPETITION. CASE STUDY: ROMANIAN 3ᴿᴰ LEAGUE, FOOTBALL

The Romanian 3rd Football League is a socio-cultural universe of its own. The large number of participants (teams, players, technical-administrative staff, supporters, etc.), the fact that it takes place in a predominantly rural or small-town setting and its heterogeneous nature give it a specific diversity. Being a coach in this environment is a challenge. Merayo (2021) believes that the coach has to be part of the team, the club and the culture they are part of. However, in Romania’s 3rd league, coaching can be considered a veritable art, with circumstances not found in any other sporting context. Coaches change very often, are caught between the same teams, having to radically change their perspective on a team, a player or a context in an extremely short time. Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem are part of a model proposed by Bronfenbrenner (1976, 1987), and still considered relevant in the sport context by Merayo (2021). We also identify this in the 3rd league. The third league coach spends his whole life caught between these systemic units. And yet the whole coaching process must be seen as part of a competition with strong anthropological valences. So, is it the specific culture of third league football that is best developed in rural or small-town environments, or does the environment of these towns generate the culture of the third league and is it, in fact, a culture of theirs translated into football? REZUMAT. Perspectivă asupra coachingului și a integrării sale în contextul antropologic al competiției sportive. Studiu de caz: Liga a 3-a de fotbal din România. Liga a 3-a de fotbal din România este un univers socio-cultural aparte. Numărul mare de participanți (echipe, jucători, personal tehnic-administrativ, suporteri etc), desfășurarea într-un cadru preponderent rural sau al orașelor mici și caracterul lor eterogen aduc acestui mediu o diversitate specifică. A fi cu adevărat coach în acest mediu este o provocare. Merayo (2021) consideră că antrenorul trebuie să se integreze în universul echipei, al clubului și al culturii din care acestea fac parte. Dar, în liga 3-a, din România, coaching-ul poate fi considerat o adevărată artă, cu situații care nu se mai regăsesc în alt context sportiv. Antrenorii se schimbă foarte des, sunt prinși între aceleași echipe, fiind nevoiți să schimbe radical perspectiva în care văd o echipă, un jucător sau un context într-un timp extrem de scurt. Microsistemul, mezosistemul, exosistemul și macrosistemul sunt parte dintr-un model propus de Bronfenbrenner (1976, 1987), și considerat încă de actualitate, în contextul sportiv, de către Merayo (2021). Identificăm acest lucru și în liga a 3-a. Coach-ul de liga a 3-a își desfășoară întreaga viață prins între aceste unități sistemice. Și, totuși, tot procesul de coaching trebuie considerat ca parte unei competiții cu puternice valențe antropologice. Așadar, este cultura specifică fotbalului de liga a 3-a cea care se dezvoltă mai bine în mediul rural sau al orașelor mici sau, mediul acestor orașe generează cultura ligii a 3-a și este, de fapt, o cultura a lor transpusă în fotbal? Cuvinte cheie: antrenor, liga a 3-a, fotbal, competiție, antropologie Received 2023 February 5; Revised 2023 April 21; Accepted 2023 April 24; Available online 2023 May 30; Available print 2023 June 30

Introducing Semi-Interpenetrating Networks of Chitosan and Ammonium-Quaternary Polymers for the Effective Removal of Waterborne Pathogens from Wastewaters

The present work aims to study the influence of ammonium-quaternary monomers and chitosan, obtained from different sources, upon the effect of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels upon the removal of waterborne pathogens and bacteria from wastewater. To this end, the study was focused on using vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC), a water-soluble monomer with known antibacterial properties, and mineral-enriched chitosan extracted from shrimp shells, to prepare the semi-IPNs. By using chitosan, which still contains the native minerals (mainly calcium carbonate), the study intends to justify that the stability and efficiency of the semi-IPN bactericidal devices can be modified and better improved. The new semi-IPNs were characterized for composition, thermal stability and morphology using well-known methods. Swelling degree (SD%) and the bactericidal effect assessed using molecular methods revealed that hydrogels made of chitosan derived from shrimp shell demonstrated the most competitive and promising potential for wastewater (WW) treatment.Introducing Semi-Interpenetrating Networks of Chitosan and Ammonium-Quaternary Polymers for the Effective Removal of Waterborne Pathogens from WastewaterspublishedVersio

Path Optimisation for Age-Friendly Routes

The rapid growth in the aging populations across many countries has drawn attention to the development of age-friendly cities to support older adults. As individuals age, they often face reduced mobility and slower walking speeds. This can be accompanied by fears of public transportation or caused by financial constraints. Over time, these constraints can reduce access to essential services and infrastructure, leading to social isolation and a decline in quality of life. In the absence of someone to provide transportation or deliver the necessities to the person in need, many older adults prefer to continue driving. This behavior continues despite experiencing age-related declines in sensory function. For many, personal transportation means access to any service and destination points and preservation of mobility autonomy and independence. There are several path-planning applications. One of them is Google Maps, which is the most commonly used and uses single-objective algorithms such as A-star (A-star), primarily optimizing the shortest route between a start and an end point. However, these systems often fail to consider the specific mobility needs of different user groups, especially older adults. The absence of applications that address key aspects of mobility for vulnerable users has revealed a significant research gap: the lack of solutions tailored to both user preferences and the physical capabilities of the elderly population.OptAines - Laboratoire de l’Intelligence AMbiante (AMI-Lab), Universite de Sherbrooke, Canad

Romanians' view about the acceptability of donating organs, end-of life decisions, and social security : three ethical care studies

Nous étudions les conditions d’acceptabilité des Roumains concernant le don d’organes des donneurs vivants (DOV), le Suicide Médicalement assisté (SMA) et la Couverture maladie. Notre travail est basé sur la Théorie Fonctionnelle de l'Intégration de l'information de N.H. Anderson (1981). En ce qui concerne la 1ère étude : 263 adultes (dont 51 professionnels de santé) ont jugé de l'acceptabilité du DOV des 42 scénarii réalistes résultants de la combinaison de six facteurs : A) type d'organe, B) si le patient pouvait l'obtenir sur un cadavre C) relation donneur-receveur, D) niveau d'autonomie du donneur, E) compensation financière, F) niveau de responsabilité. Pour la seconde étude : 212 tout-venants et 52 professionnels de la santé ont jugé l'acceptabilité du SMA des 36 scénarii réalistes résultants de la combinaison de quatre facteurs : A) l'âge de la patiente, B) le degré d'incurabilité, C) le type de souffrance et D) la demande de SMA. Concernant la troisième étude : 271 adultes (dont 40 professionnels de santé et 33 gérants d’entreprise) ont jugé de l'acceptabilité de l’Assurance maladie des 51 scénarii réalistes résultants de la combinaison de cinq facteurs : A) La contribution de l’employeur, B) La contribution des travailleurs, C) La couverture des soins médicaux et dentaires, D) La couverture en cas de maladies graves ou chroniques, E) Les Bénéficiaires. Résultats : Concernant le DOV, sept positions de jugement qualitativement différentes ont été retrouvées : Inacceptable (12%), Marché libre (44%), Rémunération du donneur (12%), Altruisme (6%), Toujours acceptable (16%), Responsabilité du donneur (4%) et Indéterminée (6%). Pour notre seconde étude les résultats montrent que la majorité des tout-venants (51%) et des professionnels de la santé (85%) étaient opposés au SMA, peu importe les conditions. Concernant notre troisième étude les résultats montrent que la plupart des participants (78%) étaient favorables à l'existence d'un programme d'assurance maladie.Our research investigates the views of Romanians lay people’s and health professionals regarding living organ donation (LOD), physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and health insurance program. Our work is based on N.H. Anderson's Functional Theory of Information Integration (1981). With regard to the first study: 263 adults (including 51 health professionals) rated the LOD's acceptability of the 42 realistic scenarios resulting from the combination of five factors: A) type of organ, B) whether it could have been obtained from a cadaver, C) donor-recipient relationship, D) donor's level of autonomy, E) financial compensation, to which we added factor F) patient’s level of responsibility for their illness. For the second study: 212 lay people’s and 52 health professionals judged the acceptability of PAS in 36 realistic vignettes composed of all combination of four factors: A) the patient’s age, B) the level of the incurability of the illness, C) the type of suffering, and D) the patient’s request for PAS. Regarding the third study: 271 adults (including 40 health professionals and 33 business managers) judged the acceptability of the health insurance program in 51 realistic scenarios resulting from the combination of five factors: A) Employers contribution, B) Workers contribution, C) Medical and dental coverage, D) Coverage of chronic or severe illness, E) Beneficiaries. Results: Regarding LOD, seven qualitatively different judgment positions were found: Never Acceptable (12%), Free Market (44%), Compensation (12%), Altruism (6%), Always Acceptable (16%), Patient’s responsibility (4%) and Undetermined (6%). For the second study, the results show that the majority of lay people (51%) and health professionals (85%) were opposed to the PAS, regardless of the conditions. Regarding our third study the results show that most participants (78%) favored the existence of a health insurance program

Effective Tax Rate of Corporate Income Tax in the Post-Crisis Period: The Case of Non-Financial Companies Listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange

The intention of the paper is to analyse the evolution of the effective tax rate of corporate income tax for the 2011-2016 period, calculated for the non-financial companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange (Romanian: Bursa de Valori București - BVB). The first part of the paper presents the main causes for the divergence between the statutory and effective rate of the corporate income tax, based on the provisions of the Romanian Fiscal Code. The differences between the gross income and the taxable profit, which form the basis for calculating the income tax, are highlighted. The second part is devoted to the methodology for calculating the effective income tax rate and its analysis, based on data from the financial statements published in the post-crisis period by Romanian companies listed on BVB

Investigarea și conservarea unui fragment de textilă arheologică

In the summer of 2016 during the rescue excavations made at the Cathedral of St. Mihail in Cluj-Napoca it was discovered a fragment of archaeological textiles, from the 17th century. The textile was sampled from the head area and is a piece of ribbon made of golden silver yarn and silk threads. The ribbon textures reveal a decorative motif formed by diamonds and triangles, forming a 6 mm wide repeating module. Because in the present case the degraded forms of degradation did not allow for wet cleaning, it was decided to keep it for the moment in its degraded form. Removing deposits loosely attached to the textile surface was performed by repeated aspiration using the surgical vacuum cleaner, this offering the possibility of a controlled and safe cleaning. To ensure optimal handling, storage, transport and exposure conditions, a suitable support was made for the shape and the component materials, so that the external factors interfere with the piece as little as possible.</jats:p

Transition from Natural to Early Synthetic Dyes in the Romanian Traditional Shirts Decoration

The traditional shirt (“ie”) is the most well-known element of Romanian anonymous textile art. Apart from aesthetic and utilitarian roles, it has strong symbolic significance, mainly through the colours used for decoration. Very recently, the traditional shirt with decoration over the shoulder (“ia cu altiță”) was introduced as a Romanian identity element as part of UNESCO heritage. Depending on the ethnographic area, the traditional shirt with decoration over the shoulder has acquired special expressive particularities over time. Particularly relevant is that from Valea Hârtibaciului, an area of Transylvania in the very centre of Romania. Although sober in appearance with large fields of white plain weave, it is discreetly decorated with elaborated embroidery on the sleeve bracelets, over the shoulders and neck. Even the colour range and decoration motifs remain unchanged in time, evolution in the materials used and a subtle transition from natural hues to more strident alternatives were observed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For the present study, samples were taken from representative objects in the collections of the ASTRA Museum, Sibiu and Ethnographical Museum, Brasov, documented as belonging to the area of Valea Hârtibaciului and dated in the museum archives as from the late 19th and early 20th century. The textile materials and the dyes used in the shirts’ embroidery were monitored. Fibre identification was made by optical microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). Dye analysis was performed by liquid chromatography coupled with UV-Vis (diode array) detection, while some of the samples were also analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (LC-DAD-MS). Dyes were extracted from the fibres by acid hydrolysis. Identification was based on data collected on standards, dyes and dyed fibres. For the early synthetic dyes, a dedicated library of references was built, which includes information relative to the most relevant representatives used between 1850 and 1900, the ‘Helmut Schweppe list’. According to the study, in the last decades of the 19th century, natural dye sources such as dyer’s broom, madder, Mexican cochineal and indigoid dyes were gradually replaced by early synthetic dyes: fuchsine (1856), methyl violet (1861), synthetic alizarin (1871), brilliant green (1879), azo flavine 3R (1880), rhodamine B (1887) and others.</jats:p

Transition from Natural to Early Synthetic Dyes in the Romanian Traditional Shirts Decoration

The traditional shirt (“ie”) is the most well-known element of Romanian anonymous textile art. Apart from aesthetic and utilitarian roles, it has strong symbolic significance, mainly through the colours used for decoration. Very recently, the traditional shirt with decoration over the shoulder (“ia cu altiță”) was introduced as a Romanian identity element as part of UNESCO heritage. Depending on the ethnographic area, the traditional shirt with decoration over the shoulder has acquired special expressive particularities over time. Particularly relevant is that from Valea Hârtibaciului, an area of Transylvania in the very centre of Romania. Although sober in appearance with large fields of white plain weave, it is discreetly decorated with elaborated embroidery on the sleeve bracelets, over the shoulders and neck. Even the colour range and decoration motifs remain unchanged in time, evolution in the materials used and a subtle transition from natural hues to more strident alternatives were observed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For the present study, samples were taken from representative objects in the collections of the ASTRA Museum, Sibiu and Ethnographical Museum, Brasov, documented as belonging to the area of Valea Hârtibaciului and dated in the museum archives as from the late 19th and early 20th century. The textile materials and the dyes used in the shirts’ embroidery were monitored. Fibre identification was made by optical microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). Dye analysis was performed by liquid chromatography coupled with UV-Vis (diode array) detection, while some of the samples were also analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (LC-DAD-MS). Dyes were extracted from the fibres by acid hydrolysis. Identification was based on data collected on standards, dyes and dyed fibres. For the early synthetic dyes, a dedicated library of references was built, which includes information relative to the most relevant representatives used between 1850 and 1900, the ‘Helmut Schweppe list’. According to the study, in the last decades of the 19th century, natural dye sources such as dyer’s broom, madder, Mexican cochineal and indigoid dyes were gradually replaced by early synthetic dyes: fuchsine (1856), methyl violet (1861), synthetic alizarin (1871), brilliant green (1879), azo flavine 3R (1880), rhodamine B (1887) and others