Innovations in spatial planning as a social process – phases, actors, conflicts

The aim of this paper is to understand the social process of the emergence and institutionalization of innovations in spatial planning (which we describe as ‘social innovations’). The paper is based on a recently finished empirical and comparative study conducted in four distinct areas of spatial planning in Germany: urban design, neighbourhood development, urban regeneration and regional planning. The empirical cases selected in these areas encompass different topics, historical periods, degrees of maturity and spatial scales of innovation. As a temporal structure of the innovation processes in the different cases we identified five phases: ‘incubating, generating, formatting, stabilizing, adjusting’. In a cross-comparison of the case studies and along these phases, we furthermore found typical (groups of) actors, tensions and conflicts. In the focus of our case analyses are the following dimensions: (1) the content of the innovations, (2) actors, networks and communities involved as well as (3) institutions and institutionalization

Virtual hybrid communities show that you don’t have to meet face-to-face to advance great ideas

The Internet and the online experience have become a pervasive and near-essential part of modern society. But many commentators are concerned at the apparent deficiency of online encounters and their ability to produce useful knowledge. Using what they term as a ‘netnographic’ approach Gernot Grabher and Oliver Ibert examined the content of contributions to nine virtual hybrid communities on online forums. They find that even in the absence of physical or relational proximity, these online communities are able to produce economically useful knowledge, and that they can afford unique technical opportunities and social dynamics that foster learning processes that are unattainable in face-to-face contexts

An investigation of computer coupled automatic activation analysis and remote lunar analysis Quarterly progress report, 1 Nov. 1962 - 1 Feb. 1963

Mark II automatic activation analysis system, influence of radiation on silver ion migration in mice, selenium determination in submicrogram quantities, and remote lunar analysi

Follow-up question handling in the IMIX and Ritel systems: A comparative study

One of the basic topics of question answering (QA) dialogue systems is how follow-up questions should be interpreted by a QA system. In this paper, we shall discuss our experience with the IMIX and Ritel systems, for both of which a follow-up question handling scheme has been developed, and corpora have been collected. These two systems are each other's opposites in many respects: IMIX is multimodal, non-factoid, black-box QA, while Ritel is speech, factoid, keyword-based QA. Nevertheless, we will show that they are quite comparable, and that it is fruitful to examine the similarities and differences. We shall look at how the systems are composed, and how real, non-expert, users interact with the systems. We shall also provide comparisons with systems from the literature where possible, and indicate where open issues lie and in what areas existing systems may be improved. We conclude that most systems have a common architecture with a set of common subtasks, in particular detecting follow-up questions and finding referents for them. We characterise these tasks using the typical techniques used for performing them, and data from our corpora. We also identify a special type of follow-up question, the discourse question, which is asked when the user is trying to understand an answer, and propose some basic methods for handling it

Choreographies of entrepreneurship: How different formats of co-presence are combined to facilitate knowledge creation in seed accelerator programs

This paper explores different functions of co-presence for collaborative knowledge creation in the context of seed accelerator programs. Seed accelerators offer programs of three to six months to enhance the growth of early-stage start-ups through various means of training and organizational development. In this paper, seed accelerator programs are analysed as orchestrated sequences of different types of physical co-presence. By drawing on qualitative case study data, the paper identifies eight different ways in which physical co-presence is used during seed accelerator programs. Through these eight types of co-presence, the analysis reveals that physical co-presence unfolds unique social dynamics that are utilized in a carefully designed combination of presence and absence. It is shown that physical co-presence is a means to enact relational distance and to bridge this distance for the benefit of the entrepreneurial process. Therefore, this paper adds a new perspective on how co-presence is used to facilitate the generation of value through collaborative knowledge creation.Dieser Beitrag erkundet verschiedene Funktionen von Kopräsenz für das Gelingen von kollaborativer Wissensproduktion im Kontext von Seed-Accelerator-Programmen. Seed Accelerators bieten drei bis sechsmonatige Programme an, in denen das Wachstum von neu gegründeten Start-ups durch verschiedene Maßnahmen zur Firmenentwicklung beschleunigt werden soll. In diesem Beitrag werden Seed-Accelerator-Programme als orchestrierte Sequenzen aus verschiedenartiger physischer, gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit (Ko-Präsenz) analysiert. Aus einem qualitativen Fallstudiendesign heraus werden acht Formen von Ko-Präsenz identifiziert, auf denen die analysierten Programme beruhen. Weitergehend wird herausgearbeitet, wie diese acht Typen von Ko-Präsenz auf sozialen Dynamiken beruhen, die durch den Seed Accelerator mittels einer abgestimmten Kombination aus Ko- Präsenzen und Abwesenheiten erzeugt werden. Dadurch kann relationale Distanz überbrückt werden, um Wissen zu produzieren, das den Prozess der Unternehmensgründung erleichtert und beschleunigt. Konzeptionell wird eine neue Perspektive geboten, wie Ko-Präsenz genutzt werden kann, um kollaborative Wissensproduktion in Wert zu setzen

Festivalisierung

Feste der Stadtöffentlichkeit werden zunehmend als Instrumente der Stadtentwicklung eingesetzt. Seit geraumer Zeit hat sich diese instrumentell ausgerichtete Politik der Festibalisierung mehr und mehr professionalisiert, dagegen flaute der Diskurs um eine krisitische Analyse der Festivalisierung der Politik ab

Mass transfer of carbon dioxide across sea surfaces

The rate of mass transfer of carbon dioxide across the sea surface was investigated in the laboratory and at sea. In the laboratory, radioactive tracer techniques were employed using high specific activity C14O2. The equilibrium distribution of CO2 is not affected greatly and the mass transfer measured is very nearly the exchange coefficient...

Platform ecology: A user-centric and relational conceptualization of online platforms

Online platforms provide a technological infrastructure allowing social actors to enact and utilize networks with a global reach. They play important roles as intermediaries and algorithm-based curators of social interaction. This paper addresses two knowledge gaps: First, while a growing number of empirical studies has deepened our insights into the social dynamics characterizing single platforms, little is known about the multiple ways in which users or user groups combine diverse online offers according to their preferences. Second, the empirical focus has mainly been on online interaction. However, in everyday practices, the online is always situated in offline practices. It is thus necessary to understand the complex interdependencies of online and offline spheres. This paper therefore aims to develop an ecological heuristic that positions the user(s) and their practices center stage in the analysis and to elucidate the on/offline opportunity spaces and the affordances and constraints they provide for user agency.Peer Reviewe

Cambios en los sistemas dunares de la costa del municipio de Cullera

Este estudio analiza la evolución de la línea de costa en un sector del litoral valenciano, concretamente la línea de costa del término municipal de Cullera, caracterizado por una fuerte presión urbanística y turística, en el que se han producido importantes intervenciones durante el último siglo. El estudio abarca dos periodos de tiempo: uno entre 1956 y 1991, y el otro entre 1991 y 2010. Se ha llevado a cabo utilizando fotografías aéreas del vuelo americano (1956), fotografías aéreas pertenecientes al catálogo de la EPSG (1991) y fotografías del Instituto Geográfico Nacional (2010), mediante técnicas de tratamiento digital de imágenes y Sistemas de Información Geográfica. El trabajo realizado ha permitido observar los fenómenos de acumulación en las playas al norte de la desembocadura del Júcar y de regresión de la costa en las playas al sur de la desembocadura, observar los cambios en las unidades de paisaje del litoral, siendo la principal vertiente la sustitución de la zona de cultivos por zona urbana o dunar, así como ver la aparición de un cordón dunar en la zona al norte del cabo y su destrucción en el resto del municipio.This paper studies changes in a sector of the Gulf of Valencia, particularly the coastline of the municipality of Cullera, which suffers from very high demographic and tourist pressures, and where significant engineering works have been carried out during the last century. The study covers the period from 1956 to 1991 and from 1991 to 2010, and has been carried out using aerial photographs from using aerial photographs of the American flight (1956), aerial photographs belonging to the catalog of the EPSG (1991) and photographs from National Geographic Institute (2010), which have been analyzed by image processing and Geographical Information System techniques. The analysis has permitted identified the phenomena of accumulation on the beaches in the north of the mouth of Júcar and regression of the coast on the beaches in the south of the mouth, observing the changes in the coastal landscape units, whose main change is the substitution of the farming area by urban or dunar area, as well as see the appearance of dunes in the north of the cape and its destruction in the rest of the municipality.Bodí Ibert, C. (2015). Cambios en los sistemas dunares de la costa del municipio de Cullera. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/55560TFG