NOUN PHRASES TRANSLATION IN “METAMORPHOSIS” NOVELLA BASED ON VENUTI’S TRANSLATION STRATEGIES THEORY

The research entitledNoun Phrases Translation in Metamorphosis Novella Based on Venuti’s Translation Strategiesaims to classify types of noun phrases in the Metamorphosis novella,identify the specific translation strategiesand investigate the professional translator’sreasons behind the use of that translation strategies via interview. The research uses a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis method in obtaining and analyzing the specific translation strategies (Jacob, 1998; Maxwell, 1996)and alsoquantitative approach to describe the percentage of noun phrases and translation strategies category (Lohr, 1999). The results of the research show that there are nine types of noun phrase found in theMetamorphosis novella and nine translation strategies were applied by the professional translator. The research also shows that there is a correlation between the result of the data analysis with the answer of the professional translator which explains that the professional translator tends to use domestication strategy. Based on interview data, the results indicate that there are severaladvantages and weaknesses of being a translator who tends to use domestication translation strategy. The advantages are: (1) The reader can more easily understand the story of the novella. (2) Although the novel is not a local product but many aspects of local cultures can be included in the novella. (3) The readers will feel that the translation is more natural.On the contrary, the weaknesses of a translator who tends to use domestication translation strategy are: (1) The novella becomes less imaginative. (2) The cultural aspects in the source language are being paled. (3) There will be a huge ‘gap’between the terms in source language and the target language if the translator is not translate it correctly. Keywords: Noun Phrase, Translation Strategies, Venuti Penelitian yang berjudul Noun Phrases Translation in Metamorphosis Novella Based on Venuti’s Translation Strategies bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan jenis frasa nomina dalam novelaMetamorphosis, mengidentifikasi strategi penerjemahannya, dan menyelidiki alasan dibalik penggunaan strategi terjemahandaripenerjemahprofesional melalui wawancara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode analisis deskriptif dalam memeroleh dan menganalisis strategiterjemahan (Jacob, 1998; Maxwell, 1996) dan juga pendekatan kuantitatif untuk menggambarkan persentase frasa nomina dan kategoridaristrategiterjemahan (Lohr, 1999). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada sembilan jenis frasanominadan sembilan strategi penerjemahan diterapkan oleh penerjemah profesionaldalam novellaMetamorphosis. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi antara hasil analisis data dengan jawaban dari penerjemah profesional yang menjelaskan bahwa penerjemah profesional cenderung menggunakan strategi domestikasi. Berdasarkan datahasildari wawancara, hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa keuntungan dan kelemahan menjadi penerjemah yang cenderung menggunakan strategi penerjemahan domestikasi. Keuntungan adalah: (1) Pembaca dapat lebih mudah memahami cerita novel tersebut. (2) Meskipun novel ini bukan produk lokal tetapi banyak aspek budaya lokal dapat dimasukkan dalam novel tersebut. (3) Para pembaca akan merasa bahwa terjemahan lebih alami. Sebaliknya, kelemahan dari penerjemah yang cenderung menggunakan strategi terjemahan domestikasi adalah: (1) novel tersebut menjadi kurang imajinatif. (2) aspek budaya dalam bahasa asalakanmemudar. (3) Akan ada 'jarak' antara istilah dalam bahasa sumber dan bahasa target jika penerjemah tidak menerjemahkan dengantepat. Kata kunci: Frasa Nomina, Strategi Penerjemahan, Venut

Decentralised robust flow controller design for networks with multiple bottlenecks

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Decentralised rate-based flow controller design in multi-bottleneck data-communication networks is considered. An H problem is formulated to find decentralised controllers which can be implemented locally at the bottleneck nodes. A suboptimal solution to this problem is found and the implementation of the decentralised controllers is presented. The controllers are robust to time-varying uncertain multiple time-delays in different channels. They also satisfy tracking and weighted fairness requirements. Lower bounds on the actual stability margins are derived and their relation to the design parameters is analysed. A number of simulations are also included to illustrate the time-domain performance of the proposed controllers

MENELISIK KETENTUAN PERLINDUNGAN SAKSI DAN KORBAN DALAM PERKARA PELANGGARAN HAM BERAT

Dalam peradilan pidana, saksi dan korban memiliki kedudukan yang sangat penting, karena kedudukannya yang sangat vital, seorang saksi dan korban harus mendapatkan perlindungan secara maksimal. Salah satu perkara pidana yang komplek dalam proses pembuktiannya adalahperkara pelanggaran HAM berat. Dalam pelanggaran HAM berat, seseorang yang menjadi korban atau saksi harus mendapat perlindungan dari negara. Menarik untuk dikaji lebih jauh, mengenai perlindungan terhadap saksi dan korban dalam perkara pelanggaran HAM berat.Ketentuan mengenai perlindungan saksi dan korban dalam UU No. 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan HAM dirasakan tidak maksimal. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu pengaturan mengenai perlindungan saksi dan korban dalam perkara pelanggaran HAM berat yang komprehensif. Tulisan ini mencoba menelisik mengenai kebijakan formulasi perlindungan saksi dan korban dalam perkara pelanggaran HAM berat pada saat ini dan pada masa yang akan datang. Dengan demikian, permasalahan yang diangkat yaitu: (1) bagaimana kebijakan formulasi perlindungan saksi dan korban dalam pelanggaran HAM berat dalam hukum positif? (2) bagaimana kebijakan formulasi perlindungan saksi dan korban dalam pelanggaran HAMberat pada masa yang akan datang?&nbsp

Fault-tolerant pitch-rate control augmentation system design for asymmetric elevator failures in a combat plane

summary:Combat planes are designed in a structured relaxed static stability to meet maneuver requirements. These planes are unstable in the longitudinal axis and require continuous active control systems with elevator control. Therefore, failures in the elevator can have vital consequences for flight safety. In this work, the performance of classical control approach against asymmetric elevator failures is investigated and it is shown that this approach is insufficient in the case of such a failure. Then, a fault-tolerant control system is proposed to cope with these failures and it is shown that this controller can successfully deal with such failures. The F-16 aircraft is taken as an example case. A detailed nonlinear dynamic model of this aircraft is presented first. In the F-16 aircraft, the elevator surfaces are in two parts, right and left, and can move independently. Therefore, to obtain a more realistic and difficult failure scenario, it is assumed that the elevator is asymmetrically defective. Two types of failures commonly observed on the elevator surfaces (freezing and floating) are aerodynamically modeled and it is shown that the pitch-rate control augmentation systems in the conventional structure cannot cope with these elevator failures. In order to overcome this problem, a fault-tolerant control system is proposed. It is shown that this controller can successfully cope with the aforementioned failures without any degradation in flight safety

Wistar albino ratların kafatası şekil analizi: bir geometrik morfometrik çalışma

The aim of the study was to evaluate the skull shape of Wistar albino rats using the geometric morphometry method. For this purpose, a total of 52 adult rat skulls, 31 female and 21 male, were evaluated. Skulls were photographed from equal distances in dorsal and ventral directions. 13 and 18 landmarks were marked in dorsal and ventral images, respectively. Percentage variation values of principal components were calculated by performing principal components analysis in the MorphoJ program. Average shape graphs showing the positive and negative boundaries of the first three principal components were obtained. It was defined that scatter plot showing the degree of grouping of male and female rats according to the first and second principal components. The study also examined the allometric effect with regression. Discriminant function analysis was performed to examine gender dimorphism. As a result of the study, it was determined that the most significant shape change was in the zygomatic arc and palate regions according to individuals, while it was also in the neurocranium according to gender. We believe that the study will contribute to anatomy, biology and archeology studies on the shape of the skull.Çalışmada Wistar albino ratlarda kafatası şeklinin geometrik morfometri yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla erişkin 31 dişi, 21 erkek olmak üzere toplam 52 adet rat kafatası değerlendirildi. Kafatasları dorsal ve ventral yönde eşit uzaklıktan fotoğraflandı. Dorsal görüntülerde 13, ventral görüntülerde 18 landmark işaretlendi. MorphoJ programında temel bileşenler analizi yapılarak temel bileşenlerin yüzde varyasyon değerleri hesaplandı ve ilk üç principal componentin pozitif negatif sınırlarını gösteren ortalama şekil grafikleri elde edildi. Erkek ve dişi ratların birinci ve ikinci temel bileşene göre gruplanma derecelerini gösteren dağılım grafiği tanımlandı. Çalışmada ayrıca regresyon ile allometrik etkiye bakıldı. Cinsiyet farkını incelemek için discriminant (ayırma) analizi yapıldı. Çalışma sonucunda wistar rat kafatasında bireyler arasında en belirgin şekilsel değişimin arcus zygomaticus (elmacık kemeri) ve damak bölgesinde olduğu, cinsiyete göre ise neurocranium da olduğu belirlendi. Çalışmanın, kafatasında cinsiyet farklılığı ile ilgili anatomi, biyoloji ve arkeoloji çalışmalarına katkı sağlayacağı kanaatindeyiz

PENGUATAN PEMAHAMAN REMAJA PANTI ASUHAN AL HIKMAH WONOSARI, NGALIYAN TERHADAP SANKSI PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA

Sistem sanksi dalam hukum pidana dapat dikualifikasikan menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu jenis sanksi pidana (straf) dan jenis sanksi tindakan (maatregel). Keduanya merupakan jenis sanksi yang digunakan oleh beberapa sistem hukum pidana di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Model sistem sanksi tersebut dikenal dengan istilah double track system. Selain dianut oleh KUHP, double track system juga dikenal dalam UU No. 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. UU Narkotika menggunakan dua jenis sanksi, yaitu pidana dan tindakan untuk menegakkan normanya. Jenis pidana yang digunakan dalam UU Narkotika yaitu mati, penjara, kurungan, dan denda. Sedangkan jenis tindakan yang digunakan adalah rehabilitasi. Dalam UU Narkotika, terdapat dua jenis rahabilitasi, yaitu rehabilitasi sosial dan medis. Di sisi lain, berdasarkan data yang didapatkan, remaja merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan untuk menjadi penyalahguna narkotika. Menurut BNN dan Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), 2,3 juta palajar atau mahasiswa di Indonesia pernah menggunakan narkotika. Fakta ini menunjukkan bahwa masih kurangnya edukasi dikalangan remaja mengenai penyalahgunaan narkotika. Kegiatan ini merupakan sarana edukasi dalam memberikan pemahaman kepada para remaja untuk tidak menjadi penyalahguna narkotika, dengan cara memahami dari aspek sanksi hukumnya. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam hukum pidana, sanksi bersifat sebagai paksaan psikis bagi setiap orang. Dalam artian, orang akan berpikir dua kali untuk melakukan suatu tindak pidana apabila telah memahami sanksi hukumnya. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah remaja panti asuhan Al Hikman Ngaliyan. Sedangkan metode pelaksanaan dibagi kedalam tiga tahap, yaitu tahap awal, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi

Kebijakan Hak Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Seksual Di Lembaga Pendidikan

This study aims to analyze the policy on the rights of women victims of sexual violence in educational institutions. Sexual violence in educational institutions is a concern for parents or guardians and students, thereby risking public distrust and having an impact on student acceptance. Women victims of sexual violence endure physical and psychological suffering, as well as stigma from society that sticks for life. The focus of the problem in this study is how the policy on the rights of women victims of sexual violence in educational institutions is. The type of research used is normative juridical, with the specifications of the research carried out in an analytical descriptive manner. Data analysis was done prescriptively. Victims of sexual violence are entitled to medical assistance, psychosocial and psychological rehabilitation assistance and restitution from the perpetrator. The state is obliged to provide special services so that women victims of sexual violence in educational institutions can complete their education. Policy on the rights of women victims of sexual violence in educational institutions through special arrangements for continuing education for the future of women victims from basic education to higher education

IMPLEMENTASI ASAS ULTIMUM REMEDIUM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA DALAM PUTUSAN NO. 148/PID.SUS/2020/PN.SMN

Ultimum  remedium  sebagai  salah  satu  asas  dalam  hukum  pidana  memiliki kedudukan yang cukup signifikan mengingat asas merupakan pondasi. Ultimum remedium berarti hukum pidana sebagai obat terakhir atau the last resort. Di dalam ranah pengadilan, hakim dapat mempertimbangkan penerapan ultimum remedium atau atas perkara tersebut hukum pidana merupakan obat terakhir karena tidak memungkinkan untuk dijatuhi hukuman yang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kedudukan asas ultimum remedium dalam hukum pidana dan mengetahui implementasi asas ultimum remedium terhadap tindak pidana  kekerasan  dalam  rumah  tangga  dalam  Putusan  No.  148/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Smn dikaitkan  dengan  kedudukan  ultimum  remedium  dalam  penegakan  hukum  dan  tujuan pemidanaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif. Penulis menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang – undangan dan pendekatan Kasus. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis yaitu menelaah kenyataan atau keadaan hukum yang terjadi di lapangan kemudian dikaji atau dianalisis untuk menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan tertentu didasarkan pada peraturan perundang – undangan yang berlaku dan penelitian - penelitian lainnya yang terkait dengan tema yang diangkat. Ultimum remedium dalam hukum  pidana bisa  berkedudukan  di  tingkatan sebelum ranah pengadilan. Atau, bisa juga berkedudukan di ranah pengadilan dalam konsep ketika upaya - upaya hukum sebelumnya yang sudah ditempuh tidak tercapai perdamaian antara pelaku tindak  pidana  dengan  korban.  Penggunaan  asas  ultimum  remedium  dalam  menjatuhkan putusan No. 148/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Smn.  sudah tepat karena mengingat perkara tersebut sudah dalam ranah peradilan, sehingga hukum pidana adalah sebagai obat terakhir untuk mengadili Terdakwa. Namun, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan tujuan pemidanaan.

Robust control strategies for multi-inventory systems with average flow constraints.

In this paper, we consider multi-inventory systems in the presence of uncertain demand. We assume that (i) demand is unknown but bounded in an assigned compact set and (ii) the control inputs (controlled flows) are subject to assigned constraints. Given a long-term average demand, we select a nominal flow that feeds such a demand. In this context, we are interested in a control strategy that meets at each time all possible current demands and achieves the nominal flow in the average. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for such a strategy to exist and we characterize the set of achievable flows. Such conditions are based on linear programming and thus they are constructive. In the special case of a static flow (i.e. a system with 0-capacity buffers) we show that the strategy must be affine. The dynamic problem can be solved by a linear-saturated control strategy (inspired by the previous one). We provide numerical analysis and illustrative examples