Palm Based Mono-Diacylglyceride as an Emulsifier in Producing Chocolate with Cocoa Butter Substitute

Emulsifier used in the preparation of chocolate has the function to stabilize fat and water that can prevent the occurrence of blooming. Emulsifier generallyused in the preparation of chocolate is lecithin. However as an alternative monodiacylglycerol (MDAG) can be used. MDAG can be synthesized from vegetableoil such as palm oil and its fraction. This research was conducted to study the effect of palm MDAG and variation of its concentration on quality of chocolate. The palm MDAG used was palm kernel oil MDAG (MDAG PKO), palm oleinMDAG (MDAG POL), palm stearin MDAG (MDAG PS) at the concentration between 0.3 to 0.9%. Results of the study showed that chocolate which usedpalm MDAG did not cause blooming. Increase of MDAG concentration tended to increase fat content but the reverse result was observed in the case of lecithin.The melting point of chocolate tended to increase with increasing concentration of MDAG POL and MDAG PS but the reverse result was observed in lecithin,meanwhile for MDAG PKO similar result was observed. The protein content of chocolate tended to decrease with increasing MDAG concentration but thereverseresult was observed in lecithin. Viscosity of chocolate with lecithin, MDAG PKO and MDAG POL decreased in accordance with increasing concentration,meanwhile in MDAG PS at the concentration of 0.3% in the beginning viscosity decreasedbut later on increased with increasing concentration. The use of emulsifierat the concentration of 0.3–0.9% did not have significant effect on fat content, melting point of fat and protein content, but it had significant effect on viscosity.Results of organoleptic testing showed that the use of palm MDAG have not significant effect on texture, taste, and appearance of chocolate. Types and concentrations of palm MDAG which were highly accepted by the panelist there wereMDAG PS and MDAG PKO with concentration 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively

Model Pembelajaran Jigsaw Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Akuntansi

This study aims to examine empirically about efforts to improve learning outcomes by applying a special journal learning model Jigsaw. The background of this research by the low ability students in accounting subjects. In the researchers used a data collection instrument tests. The study design was designed to do a pre-test and provide treatment by applying the learning model Jigsaw model and the end of the lesson given postes This study is a Class Action made only one cycle. Its application is carried out on students FKIP Prodi accounting Education totaling 45 people. Based on the results of the study revealed that the study results with the application of Jigsaw learning model can improve the learning outcomes of this particular journal can be seen pretest value obtained an average of 60.13 was the result postes gained an average 81.6. This figure shows a significant improvement and application of learning models Jigsaw can also motivate students to be more active in learning

STATUS PEKERJAAN, ETNIS, DAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK

The aims of this study was to determine whether there was influence of work status, ethnicity, lecture time and number of family members on academic achievement in the Teaching and Education Faculty of Syekh Yusuf Tangerang Islamic University both partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative multiple regression method, with 124 samples taken using perposional random sampling of Teaching and Education Faculty students with a population of 180 students of FKIP UNIS Tangerang. Instrument for collecting data on employment status, ethnicity, lecture time, and number of family members (independent variables) using questionnaires in the form of students' personal data and academic achievement (dependent variables) using the student's personal data questionnaire. The results showed that job status, ethnicity, lecture time had no significant effect on academic achievement while the number of family members had a significant effect on academic achievement at FKIP UNIS Tangerang.Keywords: Job Status, Ethnicity, Lecture Time, and Academic Achievement

Development on Tutorial Model of Macro Media Flash Program in Preparing Financial Statements

This study aims to increase the self learning, motivation to learn and students’ self-learning and to improve the ability of preparing financial statements. This research was motivated by lack of self motivation and students’ learning activities in preparing financial statements. The development of computer-based learning with tutorial model of Macro Media Flash program is expected to give positive contribution for motivation, activeness and self learning of SMK BM students in preparing financial statements.  The formulation problem of this research is to apply the learning model that can improve the self-reliance, motivation and activeness of student learning and will ultimately improve learning outcomes in preparing the financial statements.The study was conducted at private school of SMK BM Muhammadiyah Medan, the study instruments are by using questionnaires and tests, questionnaires instruments to obtain data on self-reliance, motivation and activeness of student learning and test instruments for getting learning outcomes data. Prior to instruments of questionnaire and test, validity and reliability testing are done. Data analysis technique is descriptive analysis techniquesBased on the study results, the implementation of computer-based learning with tutorial models of Macro Media Flash program is obtained that self learning is in average of 3.3407, this indicates very good category, the motivation to learn is in average of 3.0989, this indicates very good category and students' learning activeness is in average of 2.78, it is good category. Students’ learning outcomes that are less than 75 points are 35.2% and those which are more than 75 points are 64.8% with average of 74.92. Keywords: Development of Learning, Tutorial Model, Macro Media Flash Progra

INCREASING OF RED PALM OIL PREFERENCES WITH ADDITION OF VEGETABLE OIL OR FLAVOUR AND IT'S STABILITY IN REPEATED FRYING

Minyak sawit merah (MSM) merupakan produk olahan minyak sawit mentah (crude palm oil, CPO) yang masih mengandung karoten (sebagai provitamin A) dalam jumlah tinggi. Sayangnya, MSM belum diminati oleh masyarakat di Indonesia karena warnanya kemerahan dan berbau khas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kesukaan MSM dengan penambahan minyak nabati beraroma cukup kuat seperti minyak inti sawit, minyak kelapa dan lemak cokelat sebanyak 10 - 30 % atau flavor butter sebanyak 0,05 - 3%. Selain itu, dilakukan uji stabilitas MSM, campuran MSM:minyak kelapa dan MSM:flavor dalam penggorengan kentang secara deep frying sebanyak 10 kali penggorengan. Pencampuran MSM dengan minyak nabati atau flavor dapat merubah karakteristik, meningkatkan mutu, dan kesukaan panelis. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi minyak nabati atau flavor cenderung meningkatkan kesukaan panelis terhadap aroma. Minyak kelapa merupakan minyak yang memiliki tingkat kesukaan tertinggi. Penggunaan flavor yang yang masih dapat diterima dari penampakannya adalah sebanyak 0,5%. Campuran MSM:minyak kelapa (80:20) dan MSM dengan flavor 0,5% memiliki kestabilan mutu tinggi selama penggorengan berulang dan tingkat kesukaannya terhadap produk gorengannya juga meningkat dibandingkan MSM.Red palm oil (RPO) is a crude palm oil (CPO) processed product which still contains carotene (as a provitamin A) in high quantities. Unfortunately, the RPO has not been sought by the people in Indonesia because the color is reddish and has a distinctive smell. This study was conducted to increase the acceptance of RPO by adding strongly scented vegetable oils such as palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and cocoa butter of 10 - 30% or flavour of butter of 0.05 - 3%. In addition, this research was conducted to stability test of RPO, mixture of RPO:coconut oil and RPO with flavour in deep frying of potato as much as 10 times of frying. Mixing of RPO with vegetable oil or flavor can change the characteristics, improve the quality and preferences of panelists. The higher concentration of vegetable oil or flavour increasing preferences of panelist to RPO flavour. Coconut oil is the oil that has the highest level of fondness. The use of flavour that acceptable from its appearance is as much as 0.5%. Mixture of RPO:coconut oil (80:20) and RPO with 0.5% flavour have high stability during repeated frying and its preferences level of fried products is also increased compared to RPO

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN EFIKASI DIRI DENGAN KEPATUHAN RESTRIKSI CAIRAN PADA PASIEN HEMODIALISIS DI RUMAH SAKIT ANANDA BEKASI : RELATIONSHIP OF FAMILY SUPPORT AND SELF-EFFICACY WITH FLUID RESTRICTION COMPLIANCE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS AT ANANDA BEKASI HOSPITAL

Introduction : The maintenance of quality of life for chronic renal failure (CKD) patients undergoing haemodialysis is dependent on adherence to fluid restriction. However, compliance levels are still low and are influenced by various factors, including family support and self-efficacy. This study aims to analyse the relationship between self-efficacy, family support, and compliance with fluid restriction in haemodialysis patients. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 86 haemodialysis patients at Ananda Hospital in Bekasi. Sampling was conducted using consecutive sampling. To assess respondent characteristics, family support, self-efficacy, and compliance with fluid restriction, we used instruments in the form of valid and reliable questionnaires. Data analysis used chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Result: The majority of respondents were elderly (69,8%), unemployed (73,3%), and had a low level of education (43%). Most respondents had poor family support (53,5%), moderate self-efficacy (54,7%) and did not adhere to fluid restrictions (96,5%). There was no significant relationship between family support (p=1,000) or self-efficacy (p=0,419) with fluid restriction compliance. Conclusion: There was no association between family support or self-efficacy and adherence to fluid restriction in CKD patients undergoing haemodialysis. Further research is recommended to explore other psychosocial factors, such as spirituality and self-esteem

Comparative study of biodegradation of crude oil in soil amended with chicken droppings and npk fertilizer

Analysis of soil samples treated with 10% (v/w) Escravos light crude oil and amended with chicken droppings and NPK fertilizer revealed that the aerobic heterotrophic bacterial counts were depressed while the proliferation of crude oil degrading bacteria (CDB) in the soil was encouraged. The counts of CDB in oil free (control) soil ranged from 20 x 108 CFU/g to 33 x 108 CFU/g of soil, while that of oil polluted soil ranged from 48 x 108 CFU/g to 93 x 108 CFU/g soil after 10 wks. In fertilizer amended soil, the counts of CDB ranged from 40 x 108 CFU/g to 92 x 108 CFU/g of soil and from 53 x 108 CFU/g to 95 x 108 CFU/g in soil amended with chicken droppings. The crude oil degrading bacteria were identified as species of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Micrococcus. The isolate Bacillus sp. SOB-10 exhibited a high ability in degrading the crude oil. The organism degraded 54.6% of crude oil in 14 days and therefore, may be useful in seeding oil-polluted soil. Crude oil addition to soil raised the pH from 6.75 to 7.65 and amendment of the oil-polluted soil with chicken droppings further raised the soil pH (7.17 – 7.76). Amendment of the oil polluted soil with fertilizer however, caused a remarkable decrease in the soil pH (5.91 – 6.26). Biodegradation studies revealed that 56.3% of crude oil was degraded in the unamended soil while 75% and 87.5% of crude oil was degraded in soil amended with chicken droppings and fertilizer respectively after 10 wks. This indicates that chicken droppings and NPK fertilizer enhanced the biodegradation process. Key words: Amendment, biodegradation, crude oil, soil

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM JARINGAN PADAMASA COVID-19

ABSTRACT This article aims to describe the use of learning media using online. This article is motivated by difficulties for teachers in teaching online learning due to the pandemic due to Covid 19. Forced learning must adapt to online, which was previously done face-to-face in class. Students must learn from home by using internet access which causes various problems due to the lack of an adaptation process that is too sudden, not in accordance with existing plans, so there must be a way out to make it easier for teachers to understand online processes to be as effective as face-to-face learning. The approach taken in this article is a descriptive approach by collecting several journal references related to the problem of the article. As a result, online usage can actually be made identical to face-to-face, by means of effective online use through the Zoom application. Key words: Learning Media, Online, COVID-1

ANALISIS BEBERAPA PARAMETER FISIKA DAN KIMIA DI BEKAS LAHAN TAMBANG INTAN KECAMATAN CEMPAKA KOTA BANJARBARU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan tingkat pencemaran perairan di bekas lahan tambang intan Kecamatan Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan yang telah ditinggalkan selama 2 tahun (stasiun 1), 7 tahun (stasiun 2) dan 10 tahun (stasiun 3) . Parameter yang diukur yaitu: suhu, kecerahan, total suspended solid (TSS), daya hantar listrik (DHL), dissolved oxygen (DO), derajat keasaman (pH), besi (Fe) dan mangan (Mn). Data yang dihasilkan dari pengukuran disajikan dalam bentuk tabulasi dan diagram sehingga akan terlihat adanya perbedaan pada setiap stasiun pengamatan. Analisis data menggunakan metode indeks pencemaran (IP) menurut KepMen LH nomor 115 tahun 2003 dan baku mutu menurut PP 82 tahun 2001. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata bagi parameter TSS, Kecerahan dan Fe antar stasiun 1, stasiun 2 dan stasiun 3 yang dilihat berdasarkan standar deviasi. Analisis perhitungan indeks pencemaran (IP) menunjukkan pada stasiun 1, stasiun 2 dan stasiun 3  masih dalam kategori tercemar ringan bagi peruntukan kelas I,  sedangkan bagi peruntukan kelas II,III dan IV termasuk dalam kategori kondisi baik.   This research was aimed to find out the characteristics and the level of water pollution in former area of diamond mining at Cempaka district, Banjarbaru in the province of South Kalimantan that has been left for 2 years (Station 1), 7 years (station 2), and 10 years (station 3). The parameters that have been measured are: temperature, radiance, total suspended solid (TSS), electrical conductivity (DHL), dissolved oxygen (DO), degree of acidity (pH), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). The measuring data was shown in the forms of tabulation and diagram up until it would be shown the difference in every observed station. The data analysis used KepMen LH number 115 of 2003 on index population method (IP) and Government Regulation number 82 of 2001 on raw quality. The result of measurement showed that there was significant difference in the parameter of TSS, radiance, and Fe among station 1, station 2, and station 3 that was shown based on the standard deviation. The calculation of index pollution (IP) showed that station 1, station 2, and station 3 still in low polluted category for class I, whereas for class II, III, IV included in good condition category