Vortex tilt modulus in Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state

Vortex tilt response in Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) vortex lattice is theoretically examined as a probe reflecting the spatial structure of this state. In the FFLO state with nodal planes perpendicular to the magnetic field in a quasi 2D material under a parallel field, the tilt modulus E_{2} {\it of the nodal planes} decreases as the paramagnetic effect is effectively enhanced, and this reduction of E_{2} in turn reduces the vortex tilt modulus. This reduction of vortex tilt modulus, more remarkable in more anisotropic systems, accompanying the FFLO transition may be an origin of the monotonous reduction of sound velocity detected upon cooling in a ultrasound measurement for CeCoIn5.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

General Form of Dilaton Gravity and Nonlinear Gauge Theory

We construct a gauge theory based on general nonlinear Lie algebras. The generic form of `dilaton' gravity is derived from nonlinear Poincar{\' e} algebra, which exhibits a gauge-theoretical origin of the non-geometric scalar field in two-dimensional gravitation theory.Comment: 12 pages, phyzzx, RIMS-91

Tensor-optimized shell model for the Li isotopes with a bare nucleon-nucleon interaction

We study the Li isotopes systematically in terms of the tensor-optimized shell model (TOSM) by using a bare nucleon-nucleon interaction as the AV8' interaction. The short-range correlation is treated in the unitary correlation operator method (UCOM). Using the TOSM+UCOM approach, we investigate the role of the tensor force on each spectrum of the Li isotopes. It is found that the tensor force produces quite a characteristic effect on various states in each spectrum and those spectra are affected considerably by the tensor force. The energy difference between the spin-orbit partner, the p1/2 and p3/2 orbits of the last neutron, in 5Li is caused by opposite roles of the tensor correlation. In 6Li, the spin-triplet state in the LS coupling configuration is favored energetically by the tensor force in comparison with jj coupling shell model states. In 7,8,9Li, the low-lying states containing extra neutrons in the p3/2 orbit are favored energetically due to the large tensor contribution to allow the excitation from the 0s orbit to the p1/2 orbit by the tensor force. Those three nuclei show the jj coupling character in their ground states which is different from 6Li.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1108.393

Modulated Vortex Lattice in High Fields and Gap Nodes

The mean field vortex phase diagram of a quasi two dimensional superconductor with a nodal d-wave pairing and with strong Pauli spin depairing is examined in the parallel field case in order to examine an effect of gap nodes (or minima) on the stability of a FFLO-like vortex lattice. We find through a heuristic argument and a model calculation with a four-fold anisotropic Fermi velocity that the FFLO-like state is relatively suppressed as the field approaches a nodal direction. When taking account of a couple of experimental results altogether, the present result strongly suggests that a node or gap minimum of the pairing function of CeCoIn$_5$ is located along the [100]-direction.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, References were added. To appear in Phys. Rev.

High field superconducting phase diagrams including Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov vortex states

Motivated by a striking observation of a Fulde-Ferell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) vortex state in the heavy fermion material CeCoIn5 in fields {\it perpendicular} to the superconducting planes (${\bf H} \parallel c$), superconducting phase diagrams including an FFLO state of quasi two-dimensional (Q2D) superconductors are systematically studied. In the clean {\it limit}, the high field superconducting state in the low temperature limit should be not the FFLO state modulating along ${\bf H}$, appeared in CeCoIn5 in both ${\bf H} \parallel c$ and ${\bf H} \perp c$, but a different vortex state with a modulation, induced by the paramagnetism, perpendicular to the field. It is found that the presence of weak impurities is the origin of the absence in CeCoIn5 of the latter state and leads to the ${\bf H} \parallel c$ phase diagram, as seen in CeCoIn5, {\it apparently} different in character from that in ${\bf H} \perp c$.Comment: A reference was updated. To appear in Phys. Rev.

AKSZ-BV Formalism and Courant Algebroid-induced Topological Field Theories

We give a detailed exposition of the Alexandrov-Kontsevich-Schwarz- Zaboronsky superfield formalism using the language of graded manifolds. As a main illustarting example, to every Courant algebroid structure we associate canonically a three-dimensional topological sigma-model. Using the AKSZ formalism, we construct the Batalin-Vilkovisky master action for the model.Comment: 13 pages, based on lectures at Rencontres mathematiques de Glanon 200

Josephson Vortex States in Intermediate Fields

Motivated by recent resistance data in high $T_c$ superconductors in fields {\it parallel} to the CuO layers, we address two issues on the Josephson-vortex phase diagram, the appearances of structural transitions on the observed first order transition (FOT) curve in intermediate fields and of a lower critical point of the FOT line. It is found that some rotated pinned solids are more stable than the ordinary rhombic pinned solids with vacant interlayer spacings and that, due to the vertical portion in higher fields of the FOT line, the FOT tends to be destroyed by creating a lower critical point.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. To appear in J.Phys.Soc.Jpn. 71, No.2 (February, 2002

Equal-Spin Pairing State of Superfluid 3^3He in Aerogel

The equal-spin pairing (ESP) state, the so-called A-like phase, of superfluid $^3$He in aerogels is studied theoretically in the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) region by examining thermodynamics, and the resulting equilibrium phase diagram is mapped out. We find that, among the ABM, planar, and robust pairing states, the ABM state with presumably quasi long-ranged superfluid order is the best candidate of the A-like phase with a strange lowering of the polycritical point (PCP) observed experimentally.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, one reference added, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Evidence for realignment of the charge density wave state in ErTe3_3 and TmTe3_3 under uniaxial stress via elastocaloric and elastoresistivity measurements

We report the evolution of a charge density wave (CDW) state in the quasi-2D rare-earth tritellurides ($R$Te$_3$ for $R$=Er,Tm) as a function of in-plane uniaxial stress. Measurements of the elastocaloric effect, resistivity, and elastoresistivity allow us to demonstrate the importance of in-plane antisymmetric strain on the CDW and to establish a phase diagram. We show that modest tensile stress parallel to the in-plane $a$-axis can reversibly switch the direction of the ordering wavevector between the two in-plane directions. This work establishes $R$Te$_3$ as a promising model system for the study of strain-CDW interactions in a quasi-2D square lattice.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure

Universal Irreversibility of Normal Quantum Diffusion

Time-reversibility measured by the deviation of the perturbed time-reversed motion from the unperturbed one is examined for normal quantum diffusion exhibited by four classes of quantum maps with contrastive physical nature. Irrespective of the systems, there exist a universal minimal quantum threshold above which the system completely loses the past memory, and the time-reversed dynamics as well as the time-reversal characteristics asymptotically trace universal curves independent of the details of the systems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure