La participation du public et Natura 2000 en Bulgarie

Rapport d'information: BulgarieLe 31 décembre 2006 était la date buttoir pour la Bulgarie pour rendre à la Commission Européenne son inventaire et la liste de zones protégées. En mars 2007, le Conseil des Ministres a présenté à la Commission la documentation pour les zones protégées Natura 2000. A cette époque, outre les avis des associations, 18.2% du territoire national avait été proposé pour le réseau Natura 2000. En conséquence, l’Européan Topic Centre on Biological Diversity a jugé la proposition insuffisante. A la suite de cette constation, le Conseil des Ministres a approuvé, en 2007, 33.8% du territoire national comme zones Natura 2000. Finalement, en mai 2011 le réseau national de zones protégées s’est élargi pour atteindre 34.34% de la Bulgarie, ce qui fait de la Bulgarie l’Etat ayant le plus grand pourcentage de zones Natura 2000, en fonction de son territoire national. La Bulgarie est un pays dont la nature, la faune et la flore sauvages sont particulièrement variées, sa conservation est un enjeu national et européen. Les organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG), semblent être les vrais moteurs de la mise en place des directives « oiseaux » et « habitats » . Cela nous amène à considérer que ces OGN, principalement des associations de protection de l’environnement, essayent aussi de promouvoir l’application de la directive 2003/35 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 26 mai 2003 prévoyant la participation du public lors de l'élaboration de certains plans et programmes relatifs à l'environnement. J’attire votre attention sur le fait que la participation du public, dans le contrôle de l’application de la législation en matière d’environnement, biodiversité et accès à l’information, se limite globalement à une centaine d’affaires judiciaires. La majorité des actions, exprimant la voie du peuple, portent sur des actions contre des projets d’investissements puisqu’au stade de l’élaboration du réseau Natura 2000, les associations ont joué un rôle crucial

Modular Digital Watermarking for Image Verification and Secure Data Storage in Web Applications

Our modular approach to data hiding is an innovative concept in the data hiding research field. It enables the creation of modular digital watermarking methods that have extendable features and are designed for use in web applications. The methods consist of two types of modules – a basic module and an application-specific module. The basic module mainly provides features which are connected with the specific image format. As JPEG is a preferred image format on the Internet, we have put a focus on the achievement of a robust and error-free embedding and retrieval of the embedded data in JPEG images. The application-specific modules are adaptable to user requirements in the concrete web application. The experimental results of the modular data watermarking are very promising. They indicate excellent image quality, satisfactory size of the embedded data and perfect robustness against JPEG transformations with prespecified compression ratios. ACM Computing Classification System (1998): C.2.0

Эпистолярные тексты В. А. Жуковского и А. С. Пушкина: к вопросу о метапереводе

Рассматриваются вопросы русско-французского двуязычия русской литературы начала XIX в. и, в частности, феномен метаперевода на примере текстов В. А. Жуковского и А. С. Пушкина. Делается вывод о субстратной функции французского языка в процессе речепорождения на русском языке в силу особенностей коммуникативной ситуации, одновременно требующей и исключающей употребление французского языка как формы общения

Design and Optimisation of a Microwave Reactor for Kilo-Scale Polymer Synthesis

Current industrial production of polymer resins is generally undertaken in large multi-tonne stirred tank reactors. These are characterised by relatively slow heating and cooling cycles, resulting in long vessel cycle times and extended production campaigns. In this work we present a design for a hybrid microwave/oil jacket proof of concept system capable of producing up to 4.1 kg of polymer resin per batch. By exploiting rapid volumetric heating effects of microwave energy at 2.45GHz, we have optimised the synthetic regime, such that a 3.7 kg batch of polyester resin pre-polymer can be made in only 8 hours 20 minutes, with higher molecular weight (Mn 2,100) compared to the conventional process taking 22 hours 15 minutes (Mn 1,200), yielding an increase in synthesis rate of at least 265. The increase in polymer molecular weight also suggests a higher conversion was achieved over a shorter time scale

Melt-processed PLA/HA platelet nanoparticle composites produced using tailored dispersants

Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles, similar to those seen in the structure of human bone, have been produced via hydrothermal synthesisand used to produce nanocomposite materials via melt blending with poly(lactic acid)(PLA). Both of these processes are scalable and commercially relevant. Tailored dispersants were developed and used to improve the dispersion of the HA. Modest improvements in flexural properties were observed (max increases 30% of dry modulus, 13% of wet strength). Rheometry is not suggestive of achieving percolation,so there is potential to improve mechanical properties further. It was established that very dry processing conditions are essential to maintaining the molecular weight of the PLA during processing and that the use of the tailored dispersants can also help to mitigateprocess-induced degradation.MicroCT has proved to be a useful quality control tool to support TEM analysis

Anesthetic considerations for microlaryngeal surgery

Introduction: Microlaryngeal surgery encompasses a wide range of laryngeal procedures. Patients presenting for microlaryngeal surgery frequently have a difficult airway. The chosen approach to this airway depends on the pathology and the patient’s symptoms. The Aim of the study is to determine the risk factors and anesthetic problems during microlaryngeal surgery.Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study including 100 patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the University Hospital „Queen Giovanna“ – ISUL, Sofia, in the period 2020–2021; Medical University-Sofia. Preoperative examination of the larynx is performed in all patients by Storz 8402 ZX fiber optic laryngoscope with video capability.Results and discussion: In 69% of the patients the tumor mass causing obstruction is localized in the area of the larynx, and in 31% of them the tumor mass is localized in the area of the hypopharynx. From the patients with tumor mass causing laryngeal obstruction 42% are with 1st degree of obstruction, 29% are with 2nd degree, 27% are with 3rd degree and 2% are with respiratory failure at rest. Twenty six percent (26%) of the patients had pulse rate<45 beats per minute during putting on the tube of Kleinsasser. This is very dangerous reflex reaction of the heart, which we believe is caused by parasympathetic nervous system. The rate of difficult endotracheal intubation among patients presenting for microlaryngeal surgery is higher than among the general surgical patient population. Difficulties during endotracheal intubation in our study are due to higher percent of laryngeal obstruction and pharyngeal restriction because of the intraoral masses.Conclusion: Anesthesia for microlaryngeal surgery has always been demanding, as often pathology interferes with the anesthesiologist’s field of work

Optimised use of dielectric spectroscopy at microwave frequencies for direct online monitoring of polymerisation reactions

This study reports the first use of dielectric spectroscopy over at a wide frequency range to monitor, in real time, the progress of a ring opening polymerisation. An open-ended coaxial line sensor was placed directly into the reaction medium of a polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and used to characterise the dielectric properties of the polymerisation mixture both ‘in-situ’ and with time at microwave frequencies. In addition to measurements obtained by the sensor, samples of the medium were extracted at various time points for off-line analysis, to confirm the level of conversion and polymer molecular weights that had been achieved. The results demonstrated that the dielectric properties values exhibited by the reaction medium with time could be correlated directly to the progress of the reaction. Thus, the experimental data allowed the construction of a calibration curve which could be used to predict the conversion of monomer to polymer at any given point of the reaction. The dielectric data permitted also the identification of key reaction parameters, such as the optimum point of termination for the reaction. Furthermore, the analysis of the dielectric data over a wide frequency spectrum enabled the identification of the most suitable frequencies for the practical operation of the sensor, in terms of linearity and sensitivity. This will enable the development of suitable instrumentation and an improved strategy for the online monitoring and control of a broad range of polymerisation reactions

Design and optimisation of a microwave reactor for kilo-scale polymer synthesis

Current industrial production of polymer resins is generally undertaken in large multi-tonne stirred tank reactors. These are characterised by relatively slow heating and cooling cycles, resulting in long vessel cycle times and extended production campaigns. In this work we present a design for a hybrid microwave/oil jacket proof of concept system capable of producing up to 4.1?kg of polymer resin per batch. By exploiting rapid volumetric heating effects of microwave energy at 2.45?GHz, we have optimised the synthetic regime, such that a 3.7?kg batch of polyester resin pre-polymer can be made in only 8?h 20?min, with higher molecular weight (Mn 2100) compared to the conventional process taking 22?h 15?min (Mn 1200), yielding an increase in synthesis rate of at least 265%. The increase in polymer molecular weight also suggests a higher conversion was achieved over a shorter time scale

New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 21

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: lichenised fungus Solorina bispora var. subspongiosa, saprotrophic fungi Geastrum berkeleyi and Marasmius epiphylloides, liverworts Bazzania trilobata and Cephaloziella hampeana, mosses Grimmia meridionalis, Neckera pennata, Rhodobryum ontariense, Sphagnum affine, and Sphagnum papillosum, and monocots Carex elata, Epipactis microphylla, and Ophrys apifer

A Reactive Prodrug Ink Formulation Strategy for Inkjet 3D Printing of Controlled Release Dosage Forms and Implants

We propose a strategy for creating tuneable 3D printed drug delivery devices. 3D printing offers the opportunity for improved compliance and patient treatment outcomes through personalisation, but bottlenecks include finding formulations that provide a choice of drug loading and release rate, are tuneable and avoid the need for surgical removal. Our solution is to exploit 3D inkjet printing freedoms. We use a reactive prodrug that can polymerize into drug-attached macromolecules during 3D printing, and by tuning the hydrophilicity we can facilitate or hinder hydrolysis, which in turn controls the drug release. To demonstrate this approach, we attach ibuprofen to 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate through a cleavable ester bond, formulate it for inkjet 3D printing, and then print to produce a solid dosage form. This allows a much higher loading than is usually achievable-in our case up to 58 wt%. Of equal importance, the 3D inkjet printing freedoms mean that our drug delivery device is highly tuneable: by selection of spacer monomers to adjust the hydrophilicity; through geometry; by spatially varying the components. Consequently, we create bespoke, hierarchical release systems, from the molecular to macro. This approach represents a new paradigm for the formulation of printable inks for drug-loaded medical devices