Research disclosing of cracks in ferroconcrete structures reinforcedby kevlar grids

Актуальність теми зумовлена тим, що із сьогоднішнім скрутним економічним становищем у нашій державі та в світі загалом відбувається, в значній мірі, помітний спад розвитку будівництва. На даному етапі розвитку будівельної галузі доцільним є питання пов’язане не так з будівництвом нових будівельних об’єктів, як з реконструкцією, модернізацією та підсиленням існуючих споруд. Серед способів підсилення залізобетонних конструкцій можна виділити підсилення високоміцними композитними матеріалами. Одним з таких способів є підсилення сіткою з волокон Р.В.О.(поліпарафенілен бензооксазолу) у стабілізованій неорганічній матриці (система Ruredil X Mesh Gold). При використанні даного способу підсилення збільшується міцність бетону на згин та зріз. Міцність є одним з головних факторів при оцінці технічного стану та експлуатаційної придатності залізобетонних балочних конструкцій. У зв’язку з цим, особливо важливе значення для будівельної науки і практики мають дослідження міцності і деформативності залізобетонних елементів підсилених системою Ruredil X Mesh Gold. На основі результатів можуть бути розроблені методи розрахунку деформативності підсилених залізобетонних елементів.Background from the fact that with the current difficult economic situation in our country and the world in general is, largely, a marked decline of construction. At this stage of the flax industry-construct appropriate question is not connected with the construction of new bu-divelnyh objects as reconstruction, modernization and enhancement exists yuchyh-structures. Among the ways to reinforce concrete structures can be identified gain high-strength composite materials. One-cal way and is a net gain of fibers R.V.O. (Polyparaphenylene benzook-sazolu) in stabilized inorganic matrix (system Ruredil X Mesh Gold). When using this method increases the strength of concrete reinforcement bend and cut. Durability is a key factor in assessing the technical condition and serviceability of reinforced concrete beam structures. In this regard, of particular importance for building science and practic-ing with research strength and deformability of reinforced concrete elements system Ruredil X Mesh Gold. Based on the results, you can boo the methods of calculating the deformability of reinforced concrete-elements

Electronic structure of hollow graphitic carbon nanoparticles made from acetylene carbon black

The electronic structure of hollow graphitic carbon nanoparticles obtained by catalytic graphitization of acetylene carbon black (ACB HGCNs) was studied by ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (USXES) method. The phases of the carbon powder samples were determined by XRD with monochromatic CuKα1 radiation. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ACB HGCN spatial structures and morphologies. The electronic structures of reference Q-graphenes and HGCNs obtained from iron carbide filled carbon nanocapsules (Fe3C@CNCs) which were synthesized by plasma method in hexane were measured for comparison with that of the synthesized ACB HGCNs

X-ray Spectral Investigation of Carbon Nanoshells

Carbon nanocapsules synthesized by plasma method in hexane were investigated using the ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy method. It has been revealed that additional mixed π+σ-overlapping form in nanocapsules in a result of folding of graphene sheets. It has been found that in nanocapsules sp-hybrid bonds between carbon and residual iron atoms form when overlapping high-energy 3d+4s-states with spnhybrid orbitals (2<n<3). When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3530

INCYLINDER MASS FLOW ESTIMATION AND MANIFOLD PRESSURE DYNAMICS FOR STATE PREDICTION IN SI ENGINES

The aim of this paper is to present a simple model of the intake manifold dynamics of a spark ignition (SI) engine and its possible application for estimation and control purposes. We focus on pressure dynamics, which may be regarded as the foundation for estimating future states and for designing model predictive control strategies suitable for maintaining the desired air fuel ratio (AFR). The flow rate measured at the inlet of the intake manifold and the in-cylinder flow estimation are considered as parts of the proposed model. In-cylinder flow estimation is crucial for engine control, where an accurate amount of aspired air forms the basis for computing the manipulated variables. The solutions presented here are based on the mean value engine model (MVEM) approach, using the speed-density method. The proposed in-cylinder flow estimation method is compared to measured values in an experimental setting, while one-step-ahead prediction is illustrated using simulation results

Electronic Structure Peculiarities of Graphite Nanosheets

Electronic structure of graphite nanosheets and (CNCs)@(FePt) carbon nanocapsules was investigated using the ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy method. It was revealed that magnetic separation of metal cores of (CNCs)@(FePt) carbon nanocapsules causes increasing overlapping of p-orbitals over the surface of graphite nanosheets. It was found that mixing of + states in graphite nanosheets is smaller than that in (CNCs)@(FePt) nanocapsules and graphite nanosheets mixture since р-orbitals overlap less with sp2-orbitals of -type. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3517

Tax and social policy reforms to support developing retail market in Ukraine

The main objective of the research is to assess the tax, economic, behavioral, and social factors affecting informal employment in retail in Ukraine. Key behavioral factors are reputational risks for citizens, the level of corruption, the quality of state institutions, and the prevalence of bribery. The key economic factors are inflation, the tax burden, and the minimum wage level. The model includes five blocks: the retail block, the tax and budget system block, the tax administration and state institutions block, the informal employment block, and the business climate block. The block of retail calculates the main economic indicators of the model, the block of taxes calculates state finances, the block of state institutions, and the block of informal employment calculates the factors affecting informal employment in retail in Ukraine. The relationship between the factors and informal employment is through effects based on the literature review and the author's assumptions. The main policies are the introduction of tax reform, the improvement of anti-corruption policy, the strengthening of the government's social policy, and the minimum wage policy. According to the simulations, informal employment shows an increase due to the war, but due to economic recovery and increased government efficiency, the amount of informal employment will decrease.Master's Thesis in System DynamicsGEO-SD351INTL-MNINTL-HFINTL-SVINTL-JUSMASV-SYSDYINTL-MEDINTL-KMDINTL-PSY

Метод управления волоконным интерферометром с замкнутым контуром обратной связи

Розглянуто два методи керування фазовим модулятором волоконно-оптичного гіроскопа із замкненим контуром зворотного зв’язку: з керуванням періодичними однополярними імпульсами та з керуванням періодичним сигналом складної форми. Застосування керування періодичним сигналом складної форми дозволяє при тій же конфігурації інтерферометра розширити динамічний діапазон вимірювання кутових швидкостей в порівнянні з першим методом, але при цьому погіршується чутливість датчика. Крім того, таке керування дає змогу зменшити вплив температурного і часового дрейфів інтенсивності джерела випромінювання на визначення фазового зсуву.Today, fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOG) are used as sensors in navigation systems and robotics. The gyros with accuracy a few degrees per hour, which provides functionality in a wide range of angular velocities, are demanded. To optimize the output characteristics of the gyroscope is necessary to develop a suitable method of control phase modulator. Therefore, the research of the influence of methods to control the phase modulator for range of measured angular velocity and accuracy of the angular displacement of the object is the actual task. The aim of this work is to compare methods of control fiber interferometer with closed loop feedback to select the best in terms of dynamic range FOG. The article deals with two methods of control modulator. The first is a method of managing recurrent unipolar pulses. The disadvantage of this method is limiting of dynamic range of angular velocities. This problem is solved by creating circuits with feedback. The second method is of controlling of periodic signal of complex shape. Application of control periodic signal complex shape allows for the same interferometer configuration make possible to extend the dynamic range of angular velocities in comparison with the first method. The disadvantage of this method is the deterioration of the sensitivity of the sensor. However, this control makes possible to reduce the influence of temperature and time drift of intensity of emission source to determine the phase shift, which obtained by using combinational relations of photocurrents.В работе рассмотрены два метода управления фазовым модулятором волоконно-оптического гироскопа с замкнутым контуром обратной связи: с управлением периодическими однополярными импульсами и с управлением периодическим сигналом сложной формы. Применение управления периодическим сигналом сложной формы позволяет при неизменной конфигурации интерферометра расширить динамический диапазон измерения угловых скоростей по сравнению с первым методом, но при этом ухудшается чувствительность датчика. Кроме того, такое управление позволяет уменьшить влияние температурного и временного дрейфов интенсивности источника излучения на определение фазового сдвига

Effective Rheology of Bubbles Moving in a Capillary Tube

We calculate the average volumetric flux versus pressure drop of bubbles moving in a single capillary tube with varying diameter, finding a square-root relation from mapping the flow equations onto that of a driven overdamped pendulum. The calculation is based on a derivation of the equation of motion of a bubble train from considering the capillary forces and the entropy production associated with the viscous flow. We also calculate the configurational probability of the positions of the bubbles.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Electronic structure of hollow graphitic carbon nanoparticles made from acetylene carbon black

The electronic structure of hollow graphitic carbon nanoparticles obtained by catalytic graphitization of acetylene carbon black (ACB HGCNs) was studied by ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (USXES) method. The phases of the carbon powder samples were determined by XRD with monochromatic CuKα1 radiation. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ACB HGCN spatial structures and morphologies. The electronic structures of reference Q-graphenes and HGCNs obtained from iron carbide filled carbon nanocapsules (Fe3C@CNCs) which were synthesized by plasma method in hexane were measured for comparison with that of the synthesized ACB HGCNs

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 $< p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161