Effect of preparation rotation speed on structural properties of CH3NH3PB1-xSnxCl3 using spin coating methods

Perovskite-based hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells that use the methylammonium lead tri-iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) have demonstrated ever-increasing energy conversion efficiency and low processing costs, comparable to that of high-efficiency silicon-based solar cells. However, it is suffuring from instability caused by material degradation. Recently, enhancing stability and hence decreasing the degradation process of CH3NH3PbI3based solar cells is one of the main topics of research in photovoltaic field. The poor stability of these cells prevents their commercialization despite their huge potential that exceeds conventional solar cells. The energy efficiency and economic viability of Perovskite cells depend primarily on the rate of degradation caused by light, temperature, moisture, and oxygen. This paper presents a review of different degradation sources of CH3NH3PbI3-based Perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a deposition of a CH3NH3PB1-xSnxCl3 Perovskite layer using spin coating method has been investigated. Therefore, different rotation speed have been used in layer spin coating phase to find out their effects on structural parameters characteristics of the resulting CH3NH3PB1-xSnxCl3 organic/inorganic Perovskite material.

Extraction of the electrical parameters of the Au/InSb/InP Schottky diode in the temperature range (300 K- 425 K)

In this work, we have presented a theoretical study of  Au/InSb/InP Schottky diode based on current-voltage (I-V) measurement in the temperature range ( 300 K- 425 K). Electrical parameters of Au/InSb/InP such as barrier height (Φb), ideality factor and series resistance have been calculated by employing the conventional (I-V), Norde, Cheung and Chattopadhyay methods. Measurements show that the Schottky barrier height (SBH), ideality factor and series resistance, RS for Au/InSb/InP Schottky diode in the temperature range (300 K–425 K)  are 0.602-0.69eV, 1.683-1.234 and 84.54-18.95 (Ω), respectively. These parameters were extracted using Atlas-Silvaco-Tcad logical

Enhancing of CH3NH3SnI3 based solar cell efficiency by ETL engineering

Solar cells based on organic-inorganic perovskites (PVK) are the subject of several researches in laboratories around the world. One of the most promising hybrid perovskite is the methylammonium lead tri-iodide MAPbI3 that is suitable for sun light harvesting. But the MAPbI3 is a toxic material, so in this paper is proposed another nature friendly candidate which is the methylammonium tin tri-iodide MASnI3. The proposed material is inserted into an n-i-p heterojunction solar cell which structure is electron transport layer (ETL)/PVK/hole transport layer (HTL). The used HTL is the PEDOT: PSS in combination with one of two ETLs which are the PCBM and the IGZO. Simulation efforts using 1D SCAPS was carried. It is found that IGZO ETL based solar cell yields a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with PCBM ETL based solar cell in the same thickness. 

Effect of Rubber Thickness on the Performance of Conventional Solar Stills under El Oued city climate (Algeria)

Our study focuses on examining the performance of conventional solar stills in an arid region, specifically investigating the impact of rubber material and its thickness on the distillation process. Four solar stills were tested, including a reference solar still (SSR) and three modified solar stills (MSS1, MSS2, and MSS3) with rubber thicknesses of 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm, respectively. The experimental findings clearly demonstrate a notable difference in distilled water productivity between varying rubber thicknesses. The outputs of MSS1, MSS2, and MSS3 were measured at 1105 ml/day, 1010 ml/day, and 955 ml/day, respectively, all surpassing the output of SSR, which was recorded at 830 ml/day. These results indicate that the utilization of rubber with varying thicknesses positively impacts the productivity of the solar still, leading to higher distilled water yields compared to the reference configuratio

Extraction of the electrical parameters of the Au/InSb/InP Schottky diode in the temperature range (300 K- 425 K)

In this work, we have presented a theoretical study of  Au/InSb/InP Schottky diode based on current-voltage (I-V) measurement in the temperature range ( 300 K- 425 K). Electrical parameters of Au/InSb/InP such as barrier height (Φb), ideality factor and series resistance have been calculated by employing the conventional (I-V), Norde, Cheung and Chattopadhyay methods. Measurements show that the Schottky barrier height (SBH), ideality factor and series resistance, RS for Au/InSb/InP Schottky diode in the temperature range (300 K–425 K)  are 0.602-0.69eV, 1.683-1.234 and 84.54-18.95 (Ω), respectively. These parameters were extracted using Atlas-Silvaco-Tcad logical

Effect of using sponge pieces in a solar still

Solar distillation is a very effective way to obtain pure water, especially in isolated areas where the water is infected or polluted to obtain drinking water. Two conventional solar stills of the same size (0.5 x 0.5 m) were tested for 8 hours. One still is priced as an SSR reference still and the other still which contains pieces of sponge is SSM and that is the subject of our work. The results show that the use of sponge in winter improves the yield of 10 %

The electrical properties of Au/GaN and PEDOT: PSS/GaN diodes

In the present paper, using a numerical simulator, the simulation of Au/n-GaN and PEDOT: PSS/GaN structures were performed in a temperature at room temperature. The electrical parameters: barrier height, ideality factor, shunt resistance series, and resistance have been calculated using different methods: conventional I-V, Norde, Chattopadhyay, and Mikhelashvili. Statistical analysis showed that the Au/GaN structure has a barrier height of (0.6 eV) which is higher compared with the PEDOT: PSS/GaN structure (0.72 eV) and ideality factor (1.88 and 2.26) respectively. The values of resistance shunt were increased from 77150.056 Ω to 11207586 Ω. It is observed that the leakage current increased from 6.64E-5 to 4.98926E-5A at −0.85 V

Effect of Rubber Thickness on the Performance of Conventional Solar Stills under El Oued city climate (Algeria)

Our study focuses on examining the performance of conventional solar stills in an arid region, specifically investigating the impact of rubber material and its thickness on the distillation process. Four solar stills were tested, including a reference solar still (SSR) and three modified solar stills (MSS1, MSS2, and MSS3) with rubber thicknesses of 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm, respectively. The experimental findings clearly demonstrate a notable difference in distilled water productivity between varying rubber thicknesses. The outputs of MSS1, MSS2, and MSS3 were measured at 1105 ml/day, 1010 ml/day, and 955 ml/day, respectively, all surpassing the output of SSR, which was recorded at 830 ml/day. These results indicate that the utilization of rubber with varying thicknesses positively impacts the productivity of the solar still, leading to higher distilled water yields compared to the reference configuratio

Impact of natural charcoal blocks on the solar still output

Solar energy is an abundant energy in the earth globe. Solar distillation is one of the techniques that uses this energy to obtain portable water from ground or salt water. The purpose of our experimental study is to show that the blocks of natural carbon, that is to say the remains of a fire, can serve as an element for improving the performance of a solar still. For this, two similar solar stills were used, one is taken as reference SSR and the other modified still SSM contains carbon block. The results show that there is an improvement rate of 8%

Enhancing of CH3NH3SnI3 based solar cell efficiency by ETL engineering

Solar cells based on organic-inorganic perovskites (PVK) are the subject of several researches in laboratories around the world. One of the most promising hybrid perovskite is the methylammonium lead tri-iodide MAPbI3 that is suitable for sun light harvesting. But the MAPbI3 is a toxic material, so in this paper is proposed another nature friendly candidate which is the methylammonium tin tri-iodide MASnI3. The proposed material is inserted into an n-i-p heterojunction solar cell which structure is electron transport layer (ETL)/PVK/hole transport layer (HTL). The used HTL is the PEDOT: PSS in combination with one of two ETLs which are the PCBM and the IGZO. Simulation efforts using 1D SCAPS was carried. It is found that IGZO ETL based solar cell yields a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with PCBM ETL based solar cell in the same thickness