University Students’ Morningness‒Eveningness and Their Interpersonal Relationships

It was considered desirable for human beings to get up naturally at sunrise and fall asleep when the sun goes down. In recent years, however, life rhythms have shifted to nocturnality due to the increase in the number of 24-hour stores and the constant Internet use. Compared to working adults, junior high school students, and high school students who have a relatively regulated life, university students tend to lead irregular and rhythm-free lives. This study investigated the actual situations of university students’ daily life related to their living hours and examined whether the morning‒night life rhythm was related to their interpersonal relationships. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 184 university students to distinguish whether they were morning or evening people. The Japanese version of Home and Östberg’s morningness‒eveningness questionnaire was used to determine each student’s life rhythm. In addition, the respondents were asked about their time-related daily behaviors, such as wake-up times and bedtime, use of an alarm, frequency of late arrival to classes, physical condition and appetite for 30 minutes after getting up, and their sense of time. The university students’ life rhythms were categorized as 21.7 % morning people, 57.1 % day people, and 21.2 % night people. While 80% of the morning students were satisfied with their current life rhythm, 58% of the night students were not satisfied with their life rhythm. The results of the friendship scale showed that there was no relationship between life rhythm and friendship in boys. In girls, however, some differences were recognized, e.g., morning girls tended to confess their hearts and cherish their relationships with intimate friends, while night girls tended to refuse to be deeply involved with their friends.本研究は，平成30年度広島大学教育学部卒業生内藤沙綾の卒業研究の収集データを元に作成したものである

Awareness and Attitudes of Female University Students on Mass-Produced Fashion

Depersonalized, bureaucratic fashion, which is called ryosan-gata or mass-produced fashion, has become prevalent among young Japanese. Although fashion is one of the most important means to express individuality, many young people accept or even prefer massproduced fashion. This study explored and clarified the awareness and attitudes of female university students toward mass-produced fashion. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 140 female university students to examine their daily fashion consciousness and their opinion of mass-produced fashion. In 1995, Kiuchi developed a scale to measure individuals on their dimension of independent versus interdependent self-construal. This scale was used to analyze the survey results. More than 80% of the students answered that they were interested in fashion. However, they did not rapidly adopt fashion trends. The students observed that the most important consideration when purchasing clothes is whether the item suits her and expresses her individuality. However, about 40% of the students preferred mass-produced fashion and more than 70% of these students felt contented with their choices. The students who were classifi ed with interdependent self-construal tend to prefer mass-produced fashion, while students classified with independent self-construal prefer fashion that is not mass produced. Students with interdependent self-construal also observed that they liked mass-produced fashion. In conclusion, the cultural interdependency of Japanese society is thought to influence the deindividuation in fashions among Japanese youth.本研究は，平成29年度広島大学教育学部卒業生伊原明日香の卒業研究の収集データをもとに作成したものである

The analysis of the wandering behavior of an elderly person with dementia in a nursing home.

Among the behavioral disturbances associated with dementia, wandering and wandering-related activities are perhaps the most difficult for family caregivers and care staffs. However, because the causes and the patterns of wandering are not identical in all patients, and are rather influenced by the individual backgrounds, there is not much quantitative research of the wandering behavior itself. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, through a single case study of an elderly person with dementia, quantitative patterns of wandering behavior so that these behavior analysis methods can be incorporated into nursing home care. This research was conducted in a nursing home, Furusato-no-Ie “Joka", in Shimabara, Nagasaki Prefecture. The subject of this current study was one elderly woman, 79 years old, with mild dementia (35 points on the NM scale; 48 points on the N-ADL). For a one week research period, a blotter was set at the entrance of the nursing home and the exact time of the subject's entry and exit were recorded. Three one-day periods before and after the wandering research period, the behavior in daily life of the subject was video taped 6 times a day (10 minutes per time). The video data, processed point- and one-zero-sampling methods, showed interpersonal behaviors and facial expressions of the subject. The subject comes and goes very frequently at the vestibule to the home from before dawn to dusk every day. A total of 232 outings were observed in the research period, of which 211 were free-will outings. The subject's outing period accounts for about 460f potential time, so the outing was regarded as having become an inextricable part of life for the subject. Of all the parts and places in and out of the nursing home, the entrance seems to play the essential role in promoting the residents' and staffs' mutual interactions. The subject's communication behavior and positive emotional expressions such as laughter and smiling were notably observed aroun

The Effect of Communication with Parents on Relationships and Marriage on the Marital Views of University Students

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of communication between university students and their parents concerning relationships and marriage on their future view of marriage. The subjects were 189 university students (82 males and 107 females), and 12 were from single-parent households. Male students showed stronger traditional marriage views than female students. Both male and female students emphasized that the “personality” of their future mate was important, as was “value alignment” between themselves and that person. Only male students valued the “appearance” of their future partner, while female students valued other features such as their partner’s “jobs”, “educational background”, “economic power”, “having experienced living alone”, “compatibility with her parents”, and “her compatibility with her partner’s family”. There is a qualitative difference between male and female students in communication with the opposite-sex parent and a quantitative difference in communication with the same-sex parent. Male students equate themselves with their fathers, and the marriage view of the fathers had an effect on students’ views of marriage. Regarding the relationship between the university students and their parents on their view of marriage, male students’ marriage perspectives are directly influenced by communication with both their fathers and mothers, while female students’ views of marriage are not only affected by the communication itself but by the relationship between the parents.本論文は，平成28年度広島大学教育学部卒業生湯池華子の卒業研究の収集データをもとに作成したものである

What Kind of Restaurant Does the Characters on the Signboards Conjure Up?

Advertising sign of the restaurants contains many information on it, for example, daily bargain products or recommendation of the house etc. The characters (fonts) used in the signboards may also transfer some information to the consumer. The aim of this study was to investigate a question that "what kind of restaurants image does the characters on the signboards conjure up?" Field survey showed that the fonts on the signboards can be divided into seven types as Mincho, Kaku-Gothic (block), Maru-Gothic (round-edge block), Kaisho, Gyosho, Kantei-ryu, and Reisho. All types of restaurants use Mincho and Kaku-Gothic fonts on the signboards. Mincho has common and uncute image, and Kaku-Gothic contains festive and accessible image. These two fonts may be used because they have the common touch for ordinary people. In fact, Mincho font conjures up the image of all seven types of restaurants (okonomiyaki shop, curry shop, ordinary, cafe, Italian restaurant, Chinese restaurant and ramen shop). On the other hand, Kaku-Gothic conjures up the images of shops other than cafe and Italian restaurants, but the percentage of questionee those who imagined other five types of restaurants was high. Each font may have unique latent potential to conjure up some kind of restaurant or food

The Change of Time Devoted to Child Care by Fathers for 40 Years

The multinational comparative time use survey conducted in 1965-1966 led the subsequent time use research. Though Japan did not participate in this multinational comparative time use research, Japanese time use research group conducted time use survey following the survey method of the multinational comparative time use research in 1972. The survey was conducted in Matsuyama City. Japanese time use research group conducted the follow-up surveys in 1991 and 2013 in the same city using the same method. Various data of the multinational comparative time use research revealed that Japanese fathers spent less time on housework and child care than fathers in other countries. This study aims at clarifying the transition of time devoted to child care by fathers over 40 years. Though time spent on child care by fathers on weekdays has not changed for 40 years, time spent on child care on Sundays has increased for 40 years. Time devoted to child care by fathers, however, is still less than fathers in other countries. Though time spent on child care by fathers on Sundays has increased for 40 years, time spent on child care by mothers on Sundays has not decreased for 40 years.本研究は以下の科学研究費補助金の助成を受けて実施したものである。研究代表者：平田道憲, 研究種目：基盤研究(A), 研究課題番号：JP24240094, 研究課題名：生活時間配分からみた４０年間のライフスタイル変化と国際比

Círculos de controle da qualidade: um estudo de caso em uma empresa do setor automativo

This article analyzes the Quality Management of a company that supplies engine parts to the automotive sector. The case study was developed using exploratory criteria, since the researcher collected the necessary information within the company from bibliographical consultations and the application of quality control circles to people involved with the company's shipping. The article intends to study the internal characteristics of the company, giving priority to information on people training and production processes capable of delivering results to the company. Quality control circles is a program used by quality management with the aim of identifying and solving problems within companies and organizations. From the analysis it was also possible to identify improvements.Este artigo analisa a Gestão da Qualidade de uma empresa que fornece peças para motores ao setor automotivo. O estudo de caso foi desenvolvido no critério exploratório, uma vez que o pesquisador utilizou uma pesquisa documental dentro da empresa a partir de consultas bibliográficas, entrevistas não-estruturadas, observação e aplicação dos círculos do controle da qualidade para pessoas envolvidas com a expedição da empresa. O artigo pretende estudar as características internas da empresa, sendo prioritárias as informações sobre treinamentos de pessoas e processos produtivos capazes de dar resultados à empresa. Os círculos de controle da qualidade é um programa utilizado pela gestão da qualidade com objetivo de identificar e resolver problemas dentro de empresas e organizações. Ficou evidenciado, também, que a empresa incorporou a prática dos grupos de CCQ em sua rotina, pois os problemas a serem resolvidos e as melhorias a serem implantadas, seguem as técnicas da Gestão da Qualidade.1Nã

Influxo das visualidades virtuais na contemporaneidade: uma reflexão para o ensino em arte

This article aims to discuss the digital visual poetics and Visual Arts teaching in contemporary times, in order to raise reflections for the contextualization of art teaching in the increasingly virtual reality. By recognizing multimediality as constitutive of the “new human being” subjectivity, it revealed the concern of poor visual reading and, consenquently, lack of control over its own subjectivity due to the passive and/or unconscious of excessive information reception in the communication era. The objectives are to intercept the position of Visual Arts in this contemporary virtual reality and to reflect the possibilities for teaching art to aim the formation of a critical and ethical subject, especially aware of their visualities influx.Este artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre as poéticas visuais digitais e ensino de Artes Visuais na contemporaneidade, a fim de suscitar reflexões sobre a contextualização do ensino em arte em uma realidade cada vez mais virtual. Ao reconhecer a multimidialidade como constitutiva da subjetividade do “novo ser humano”, preocupa-se com a leitura visual deficiente e, consequentemente, com a falta de controle sobre a própria subjetividade devido à recepção passiva e/ou inconsciente de informação em excesso na era da comunicação. Busca-se compreender a posição das Artes Visuais nesta realidade virtual contemporânea e refletir possibilidades para o ensino em arte na formação de um sujeito crítico, ético e, especialmente, consciente do influxo das visualidades sobre si