Persistent Inflammation Alters the Function of the Endogenous Brain Stem Cell Compartment

Endogenous neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) are considered a functional reservoir for promoting tissue homeostasis and repair after injury, therefore regenerative strategies that mobilize these cells have recently been proposed. Despite evidence of increased neurogenesis upon acute inflammatory insults (e.g. ischaemic stroke), the plasticity of the endogenous brain stem cell compartment in chronic CNS inflammatory disorders remains poorly characterized. Here we show that persistent brain inflammation, induced by immune cells targeting myelin, extensively alters the proliferative and migratory properties of subventricular zone (SVZ)-resident NPCs in vivo leading to significant accumulation of non-migratory neuroblasts within the SVZ germinal niche. In parallel, we demonstrate a quantitative reduction of the putative brain stem cells proliferation in the SVZ during persistent brain inflammation, which is completely reversed after in vitro culture of the isolated NPCs. Together, these data indicate that the inflamed brain microenvironment sustains a non cell-autonomous dysfunction of the endogenous CNS stem cell compartment and challenge the potential efficacy of proposed therapies aimed at mobilizing endogenous precursors in chronic inflammatory brain disorders

Targeting CXCR7/ACKR3 as a therapeutic strategy to promote remyelination in the adult central nervous system

Current treatment modalities for the neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS) use disease-modifying immunosuppressive compounds but do not promote repair. Although several potential targets that may induce myelin production have been identified, there has yet to be an approved therapy that promotes remyelination in the damaged central nervous system (CNS). Remyelination of damaged axons requires the generation of new oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Although OPCs are detected in MS lesions, repair of myelin is limited, contributing to progressive clinical deterioration. In the CNS, the chemokine CXCL12 promotes remyelination via CXCR4 activation on OPCs, resulting in their differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Although the CXCL12 scavenging receptor CXCR7/ACKR3 (CXCR7) is also expressed by OPCs, its role in myelin repair in the adult CNS is unknown. We show that during cuprizone-induced demyelination, in vivo CXCR7 antagonism augmented OPC proliferation, leading to increased numbers of mature oligodendrocytes within demyelinated lesions. CXCR7-mediated effects on remyelination required CXCR4 activation, as assessed via both phospho-S339-CXCR4–specific antibodies and administration of CXCR4 antagonists. These findings identify a role for CXCR7 in OPC maturation during remyelination and are the first to use a small molecule to therapeutically enhance myelin repair in the demyelinated adult CNS

Relación entre la apropiación de mediaciones TIC y los estilos de aprendizaje en la formación inicial de maestros

This research analyzes the relationship between ICT appropriation and the learning styles in students of a teacher training program. It was framed within an investigation with a quantitative correlational approach. Initially, the questionnaire REATIC was filled in by a stratified sample of 63 students of I and IV semester to collect information about their levels of knowledge, use and value of ICT. Then, their learning styles were identified through the CHAEA questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the RStudio statistical software. Thus, Pearson, Kendall, T-Student, Wilcox and ANOVA statistical tests were applied. Results showed that the use of ICT is more recreational than pedagogical, with high scores for levels of ICT appropriation. In addition, students preferred a pragmatic learning style. Weak correlations were found among the dimensions of the variables. The analysis of variance showed that the degree of ICT appropriation is similar for the four learning styles. Moreover, there were no significant differences between I and IV semester students. This allows to conclude that the fast advance of ICT is changing the way of learning of would-be teachers. Information that contributes to strengthen their digital teaching competence from their learning styles.Este trabajo de investigación analiza la relación de las mediaciones TIC con los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes del Programa de Formación Complementaria de la Escuela Normal Superior del Distrito de Barranquilla. Se enmarcó en un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo correlacional con un diseño no experimental transversal. Primeramente, se caracterizó el proceso de apropiación de las mediaciones TIC en los maestros en formación. Luego, se identificaron estilos de aprendizaje mediante el cuestionario CHAEA y se describieron los niveles de conocimiento, uso y valoración de las mediaciones TIC con el cuestionario REATIC a una muestra estratificada de 63 estudiantes de I y IV semestre. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el software estadístico RStudio. Se aplicaron las pruebas estadísticas del Coeficiente de Pearson y de Kendall, T- Student, Wilcox y ANOVA. Los resultados indican que los maestros en formación se caracterizan por un uso más recreativo que pedagógico de las mediaciones TIC, con puntuaciones para los niveles de apropiación en la escala de mucho. Se evidenció preferencia por un estilo de aprendizaje pragmático. Se encontraron correlaciones débiles entre las dimensiones de las variables. El análisis de varianza arrojó que el grado de apropiación de mediaciones TIC es similar para los cuatro estilos de aprendizaje. Igualmente, se determinó que no hubo diferencias entre los estratos de I y IV semestre. Esto permite concluir que el rápido avance de las mediaciones TIC está cambiando la forma de aprender de los futuros maestros, implicando fortalecer su competencia digital pedagógica desde sus estilos de aprendizaje

Roles of GM-CSF in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: An Update.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was first described as a growth factor that induces the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow. GM-CSF also has an important cytokine effect in chronic inflammatory diseases by stimulating the activation and migration of myeloid cells to inflammation sites, promoting survival of target cells and stimulating the renewal of effector granulocytes and macrophages. Because of these pro-cellular effects, an imbalance in GM-CSF production/signaling may lead to harmful inflammatory conditions. In this context, GM-CSF has a pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases that are dependent on cellular immune responses such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Conversely, a protective role has also been described in other autoimmune diseases where humoral responses are detrimental such as myasthenia gravis (MG), Hashimoto\u27s thyroiditis (HT), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this review, we aimed for a comprehensive analysis of literature data on the multiple roles of GM-CSF in autoimmue diseases and possible therapeutic strategies that target GM-CSF production

Efectos juridicos de la violencia intrafamiliar en el sector de las americas en el municipio de Baranoa, Atlantico en el año 2010

ver the years, the violence in all its manifestations, it has been a constant in the life of the man and the used as a means to achieve some of their success or targets; in occasions without realizing such a situation, it is exercised up to form unconscious in this way contribute to the promotion of what has become a phenomenon uncontrollable, bleak and oppressive to the point of going beyond the limits of acceptance or tolerance. Children, adolescents, women, older adults and to a lesser proportion men, are victims of the scourge that day to day is hitting more and more to the family and society in general. Domestic violence has become a problem not only of a social nature but also in terms of public health due to the increase that has taken in all sectors and families not only in Colombia, but throughout the world. The violence in any of its forms is verbal, physical, sexual, or psychological generates in the victim innumerable consequences depending on to a large extent on the aggressor and the personal circumstances surrounding such a situation, but in any case, it is of the utmost importance to the society raise awareness of the need to inform the competent authorities to take the appropriate corrective measures and sanctions to be taken of the case, because silence is to be complicit in this crime as the destroyer of family harmony and integrity.Al pasar los años, la violencia, en todas sus manifestaciones, ha sido una constante en la vida del hombre y la ha utilizado como medio para alcanzar algunos de sus logros o metas propuestas; en ocasiones sin percatarse de tal situación, pues se ejerce hasta de forma inconsciente, contribuyendo de esta manera al fomento de lo que se ha convertido en un fenómeno incontrolable, desolador y represor hasta el punto de traspasar los límites de aceptación o tolerancia. Niños, adolescentes, mujeres, adultos mayores y en menor proporción hombres, son víctimas de este flagelo que día a día está golpeando más y más a la familia y a la sociedad en general. La violencia intrafamiliar se ha convertido en un problema no sólo de carácter social sino de salud pública debido al incremento que ha tomado en todos los sectores y familias no sólo de Colombia, sino en todo el mundo. La violencia en cualquiera de sus formas sea verbal, física, sexual o psicológica genera en la víctima innumerables consecuencias dependiendo en gran medida del agresor y de las circunstancias personales que rodean tal situación, pero en todo caso, es de suma importancia concientizar a la sociedad de la necesidad de poner en conocimiento a las autoridades competentes para que se tomen los correctivos pertinentes y se impongan las sanciones del caso, porque guardar silencio es ser cómplice de este delito tan destructor de la integridad y armonía familiar

Aspectos que determinan la competitividad en empresas de Barranquilla

En este artículo se esbozan los conceptos relacionados con la competitividad y su evolución en las empresas seleccionadas, aplicando la fórmula básica de la competitividad. Los aspectos determinantes de la competitividad aplicados en este estudio son: número de personas, número de profesionales, número de competidores, número de innovadores, gasto en capacitación y gasto en investigación y desarrollo. Es una investigación explicativa, ya que se determinaron las relaciones de causa-efecto respecto a la competitividad, a través de la aplicación del método estadístico de regresión lineal múltiple; y es evaluativa porque se valoró el modelo teórico en las empresas seleccionadas. Además, se aplicó un cuestionario con el que se recolectó la información, tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa. Se determinó, como resultado del estudio, que las variables que más incidencia tienen en la competitividad de las empresas son: número de personas y número de competidores, lo cual significa que a medida que aumentan estas variables las empresas son más competitivasThis article outlines the concepts related to competitiveness and its evolution in the selected companies, applying the basic formula of competitiveness. The determinants of competitiveness applied in this study are: number of people, number of professionals, number of competitors, number of innovators, spending on training and spending on research and development. It is an explanatory investigation, since the cause-effect relationships with respect to competitiveness were determined, through the application of the statistical method of multiple linear regression; and it is evaluative because the theoretical model was valued in the selected companies. In addition, a questionnaire was applied to collect the information, both qualitative and quantitative. It was determined, as a result of the study, that the variables that have the greatest impact on the competitiveness of companies are: number of people and number of competitors, which means that as these variables increase, companies are more competitiveThis article sets out concepts related with competitiveness and the evolution in the selected companies applying the basic formula of competitiveness expressed in the following way: Ç = V / C, where Ç is the company’s competitive capability, V are the sales of new products among the year’s total sales, i.e., it is the customer’s perceived value, which in this research is given by the innovation made by the company throughout different years, and C is produc-tion’s unit price of company’s products. The decisive aspects of competitiveness applied in this study are: number of people, number of professionals, number of competitors, number of innovators, training expenses and research, and development expenses. It is an explanatory research since it was performed by determining cause-effect relations regarding competitive-ness through the statistical method of multiple linear regressions and it is also an evaluative research because the theoretical model was assessed in the selected companies. A question-naire was applied in each company to collect both quantitative and qualitative information. Variables of most incidence in company’s competitiveness are: number of people and number of competitors, which means that the more these variables increase the more competitiv

Caracterización de la competitividad en los hoteles a partir de la utilización de conglomerados

Objective: to identify the level of competitiveness among hotels located in the city of Barranquilla, utilizing clusters to determine similar characteristics of the organizations under study. Method: the research is quantitative in nature, employing multivariable techniques through the application of cluster analysis on 13 hotels. Data collection methods included surveys and document review, and the information was processed through the Statistical Product and Service Solutions program. Results: the competitiveness of hotels is characterized by grouping them into four clusters, reflecting that lower placement in the cluster indicates lower competitiveness, while higher placement signifies higher competitiveness. Hotels with a high level of competitiveness, specifically those in cluster four (4), demonstrate strengths related to the development of managerial capabilities resulting from the implementation of strategies in their organizations. Conclusion: innovation is a key element for hotel competitiveness, focusing on the application of information and communication technologies in the commercial area.Objetivo: identificar el nivel de competitividad de los hoteles ubicados en la ciudad de Barranquilla, a partir de la utilización de conglomerados con el fin de determinar las características similares de las organizaciones objeto de estudio. Método: la investigación es de tipo cuantitativo, se utilizó la técnica multivariable, a través de la aplicación del análisis de conglomerado aplicado a 13 hoteles. Las técnicas utilizadas para la recolección de información fueron la encuesta y revisión documental, los datos fueron procesados a través del programa Statitical Product and Service Solutions. Resultados: se presenta la caracterización de la competitividad de los hoteles agrupando los cuatro conglomerados, lo que refleja que a menor sea la ubicación en el conglomerado menor es el nivel de competitividad y a mayor sea la ubicación en el conglomerado mayor es el nivel de competitividad. En este sentido, los hoteles con alto nivel de competitividad, es decir, los que se encuentran ubicados en el conglomerado cuatro (4), cuentan con fortalezas relacionadas con el desarrollo de capacidades gerenciales, producto de la implementación de estrategias en sus organizaciones. Conclusión: la innovación es un elemento clave para la competitividad de los hoteles; se enfoca en la aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en el área comercial

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