Prioritizing integration goals in the ASEAN economic community in a changing world

According to the Charter of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), by 2015 ASEAN countries should have established the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) to “create a single market and production base which is stable, prosperous, highly competitive and economically integrated” in paragraph 5 of Article 1. Unfortunately, in its current condition, ASEAN is not well-prepared to undertake such ambitious objectives. ASEAN does not have strong regional institutions to deal with economic integration, unlike the EU. Nor does ASEAN have detailed legal agreements and robust dispute settlement procedures, unlike NAFTA. As a result, the AEC faces structural problems in dealing with regional economic integration, particularly the cross-pressures coming from the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the EU’s bilateral FTAs with individual ASEAN members. This paper therefore advocates strengthening the ASEAN institutions and processes so that all of the AEC participants can interact in conjunction with the TPP and EU-ASEAN FTAs, and not become caught up in the cross-pressures of these modern FTAs. We present a series of potential reforms ranging from the modest to the ambitious that would allow the AEC to flourish and go beyond its current limitations. Ultimately that choice needs to be made by the ASEAN leaders themselves – but that choice needs to be made, and soon

Three-Dimensional vs Two-Dimensional Minimally Invasive Surgery. A comparison of the visual work load and surgical outcomes

BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) imaging, a recent technical innovation in laparoscopic surgery, has been introduced to enhance depth perception and facilitate operations. The clear benefit of the 3D laparoscopy has never been tested. Some concerns emerged regarding the possible negative effects over the visual system in those surgeons who performed 3D surgery every day. 3D laparoscopy has been validated both in “in-vitro” and “in-vivo” (clinical) settings. All survey done in laparoscopic simulator comparing surgical exercise (suturing, peg transfer, cutting) performed with 2D or 3D system reported better results in the second group, regardless the surgeon experience. Less data is disposable in the clinical setting, but with same conclusions. The use of 3D technology needs passive or active polarized glasses. Optometric tests, objective exams (RMN or EEG) and subjective questionnaires have been widely used to evaluate the alterations in the visual system utilizing the 3D technology. Each test concluded that 3D technology causes alteration in the EEG waves, but how long these alterations last is still unknown. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible benefit of using the 3D technology in terms of surgical outcomes (study 1) and to evaluate the alterations over the visual system operating in 3D laparoscopy (study 2). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a single-center prospective observational clinical trial, divided in two sub-study with a single patients-population. Participants included patients aged 18 years old and above, eligible for colorectal resections for neoplastic or inflammatory diseases. Four experienced surgeons in colorectal and laparoscopic surgery participated in the study. Each surgeon followed the standard laparoscopic surgical rules performing the different type of colorectal resection, regardless the study subgroup. Data were collected at the pre-operative clinic, during surgery, during the hospitalizations and at the short term follow-up (30th days). For each study, there was a primary endpoint: 1. Primary endpoint for Study 1: incidence of Clavien grade 3, 4 and 5 postsurgical complications in patients undergone 3D colorectal resection; 2. Primary endpoint for Study 2: to grade the visual work load of surgeons operating with 3D screens and glasses. At the end of each procedure (2D or 3D) the first surgeon had to fill in two different subjective questionnaire (the NASA task load index questionnaire and the Simulator Sickness questionnaire) to grade the visual sickness felt during the operation. RESULTS From January 2015 to September 2017, 313 patients were enrolled in the study: 82 in the 2D group, 231 in the 3D group. STUDY 1: Colorectal cancer was the main indication for surgery (n 235, 75.1%), followed by colonic diverticulosis, benign polyposis and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), respectively 43 (13.8 %), 25 (7.9 %) and 10 (3.2 %). Age, sex, ASA score were comparable between the two groups. The median operative time showed no statistically significant difference between the 3D and 2D groups (p 0.611). Less drains were positioned at the end of the 3D operations comparing with 2D procedures (p 0.013). The stapled anastomosis was the most frequent performed over other techniques. The other intra-operative findings showed no significant difference between the two study groups. The median hospitalization and the reoperation rate showed no difference between the two groups. STUDY 2: The statistical analysis done over all 313 cases divided in 2D and 3D did not reveled significant difference of the visual work scored by the NASA TLX. Data emerging from the SSQ questionnaire reveled no case of moderate or severe symptoms in both groups. CONCLUSIONS 3D laparoscopic surgery had the same postoperative results of the 2D standard laparoscopy. The more frequent intra-abdominal anastomosis in the 3D group might suggest a more safeness felt by the surgeon using the new technology. The NASA TLX and the SSQ questionnaire did not reveled significant difference of the visual work between 2D and 3D vision

Inventarisasi Jenis-jenis Tumbuhan yang Tumbuh Meliar di Eks Pabrik Gula Kadipaten, Jatiwangi, & Parungjaya, Kabupaten Majalengka

Dahulunya, Kabupaten Majalengka merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil gula dikarenakan terdapat sejumlah pabrik gula yang didirikan. Pabrik gula tersebut di antaranya pabrik gula Kadipaten, Jatiwangi, dan Parungjaya. Saat ini, pabrik gula tersebut sudah ditutup dan menjadi area yang ditinggalkan. Tidak lagi adanya aktivitas di pabrik-pabrik tersebut menyebabkan tumbuhnya tumbuhan-tumbuhan liar di sekitar kawasan pabrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang tumbuh meliar di sekitar kawasan eks pabrik gula Kadipaten, Jatiwangi, dan Parungjaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November-Desember 2021. Metode dari penelitian ini yaitu sensus tumbuhan-tumbuhan liar yang terdapat di ketiga kawasan eks pabrik gula. Total sebanyak 143 jenis tumbuhan yang tumbuh meliar ditemukan sekitar kawasan eks pabrik gula, dengan rincian 87 jenis di Kadipaten, 82 jenis di Jatiwangi dan 57 jenis di Parungjaya. Jumlah total famili yang ditemukan yaitu sebesar 49 famili, di mana Fabaceae (26 jenis), Poaceae (11 jenis), dan Asteraceae (10 jenis) merupakan ketiga kelompok famili tumbuhan dengan anggota jenis terbanyak

HAK CUTI HAID, HAMIL, DAN MELAHIRKAN PEKERJA PEREMPUAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG KETENAGAKERJAAN DAN OMNIBUS LAW CIPTA KERJA PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARI’AH IBNU ASHUR

Omnibus Law on Cipta Kerja has received a variety of strong reactions from various activists and womens’ advocacy institutions. They claim that the articles on the right to leave menstruation, pregnancy, miscarriages and childbirth for women workers have been abolished of the Omnibus Law on Employment Law. Whereas before the leave rights for women workers in certain circumstances have been neatly codified in the Manpower Act. Even though the Minister of Manpower has denied this, the absence of leave rights for women workers in certain circumstances in the Omnibus Law on Employment Copyright will provide the potential for violation of leave rights for women workers. This paper uses the theory of maqashid sharia Ibn ‘Ashur as material to study the potential violation of leave rights for women workers in certain circumstances. The reason for choosing Ibn ‘Ashur theory is because of this moderate and progressive mind. This paper uses the literature method with data sources in the form of written documents, namely accredited journals, books and online articles on the theme of writing. The results showed the potential violation of leave rights for women workers in certain circumstances in terms of the sharia maqashid Ibn ‘Ashur is very large. And this does not reflect the purpose of the shariah maqashid which is to safeguard religion, reason, soul, descent and wealth

Teachers’ ICT skills and utilization of ICT materials for instructional delivery in public senior secondary schools in Wukari, Nigeria

Introduction: ICT has become a household name in all spheres of live. The roles playing by Information and Communication Technology in the field of education has been tremendous in today’s teaching and learning. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers’ ICT skills and utilization of ICT materials for instructional delivery in public secondary schools in Wukari, Nigeria. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Methodology: The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 3,523 secondary school teachers in Wukari. A sample size of 360 teachers were selected from the entire population. The instrument for data collection was Teachers’ ICT Skills and Utilization of ICT Materials for Instructional Delivery Questionnaire (TICTSUICTMIDQ). The instrument was validated by experts from measurement and evaluation department. The reliability coefficient of 0.86 was derived using Cronbach alpha reliability statistics. Mean and standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions while independent t-test was used to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Result: The findings of this study revealed that teachers’ ICT skills and access to ICT materials enhances instructional delivery in Wukari. Conclusion: The study concluded that, to a very high extent teachers’ access to computer, ICT materials and its utilization enhance instructional delivery in Wukari. Recommendation: The study recommended, that government should implement ICT training programs for teachers in Wukari to enhance their skills in utilizing digital tools effectively

PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT LARIS INDO SUKSES GEMILANG TANGERANG SELATAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi kerja dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Laris Indo Sukses Gemilang Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian studi kasus dengan metode kuantitatif dengan sampel penelitian 40 responden yang merupakan karyawan di PT. Laris Indo Sukses Gemilang Tangerang Selatan. Untuk melihat pengaruh variabel bebas pada variabel terikat, pengolahan data menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil dari penelitian membuktikan motivasi kerja dan kompensasi berpengaruh penting pada kinerja karyawan di PT. Laris Indo Sukses Gemilang Tangerang Selatan.Kata Kunci : Motivasi Kerja, Kompensasi, Kinerja Karyawa

PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA BPR ARTHA PONOROGO

Kinerja berkaitan erat dengan hasil kerja karyawan yang sesuai dengan perannya dalam organisasi sekaligus merupakan suatu hasil karyawan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya dengan penuh tanggung jawab. Bila kinerja karyawan (individual performance) baik, maka kemungkinan besar penampilan perusahaan (corporate performance) juga akan baik. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti Gaya Kepemimpinan, kondisi Lingkungan Kerja dalam perusahaan, serta Disiplin Kerja karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada BPR Artha Ponorogo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, yaitu data yang dapat dihitung berupa angka-angka. Penelitian dengan metode kuantitatif ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada BPR Artha Ponorogo. Analisis data penulis lakukan di awali dengan pengumpulan dan pengolahan data berupa kuesioner tertutup dengan digunakan skala likert dimana alternatif jawaban nilai 5 sampai dengan 1 pemberian skor dilakukan atas jawaban pertanyaan baik mengenai Gaya Kepemimpinan (X1), Lingkungan Kerja (X2), dan Disiplin Kerja (X3) maupun Kinerja Karyawan (Y). Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan sesuai dengan data yang dikelola dengan model analisis regresi linear berganda disimpulkan bahwa Berdasarkan hasil uji t variabel independen Gaya Kepemimpinan, diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (3,974 > 2,000), maka Ho ditolak, artinya terdapat pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Lingkungan Kerja, diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,299 > 2,000) maka Ho ditolak, artinya terdapat pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Disiplin Kerja, diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (8,059 > 2,000) maka Ho ditolak, artinya terdapat pengaruh Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Sementara berdasarkan hasil uji F variabel dependen Kinerja Karyawan, diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel (43,716 > 2,76) maka Ho ditolak, artinya ada pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawa

Evidenze di slip prismatico in direzione c in una zona di shear granulitica. Evidence of primastic C-direction slip in a granulite shear zone.

In this work we analyze the microstructural deformation of a milonitic metapelite, from the Amaroni shear zone, in the Calabrian Serre Massif. This fault seems to be linked to the Curinga-Girifalco Lines, an Alpine contact (developed under greenschist facies condition) which separates the deepest high grades metamorphic basement from upper lower grade metamorphic domains. This research aims to discover if there is a relationship between the two faults, or if they are completely independent of each other. Specifically, we would like to understand if the milonite was subject to granulite metamorphic facies condition (high temperature), typical of the older Varisican Orogeny, or if it formed at lower temperatures during greenshist/amphibolite facies condition and therefore during a later time. These metamorphic condition can be deduced from the analysis of the microstructures of the rocks, specifically from the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of quartz. The EBSD technique we used enables the measurement of the crystallographic preferred orientation of any single rock-forming mineral. Our analytical data show that during milonite formation, quartz deformed by prism glide, which is indicative for high temperature condition, typically of the granulite facies. These condition were only achieved in a time interval between 300 and 250 Ma, i.e. during the extension phase of the Varisican Orogeny, or immediately after.ope

Diapause characterization in the invasive alien mosquito species Aedes koreicus: a laboratory experiment

Aedes koreicus is an invasive alien mosquito species native to Asia now introduced in several European countries, including northern Italy. In this temperate region, mosquito populations survive cold winter temperatures thanks to diapausing eggs or adults, depending on the species. In its native area, Ae. koreicus was reported to overwinter in the egg stage, but to the best of our knowledge, it is not confirmed whether overwintering eggs are actually diapausing or only in a quiescence stage, i.e., they might hatch as soon as external conditions are favorable. Based on previous laboratory studies, we established a diapausing Ae. koreicus colony, maintained at 21 °C with a photoperiod of 12L:12D. Females were allowed to lay eggs, which were consequently placed in water at different time intervals after oviposition, from 30 days to 5 months. We found that diapausing eggs younger than 3 months have a poor hatching rate, while after about 100 days we observed that almost all eggs hatched. Our findings highlight that water immersion alone did not lead to the hatching of eggs, as age was found to be a significantly important factor. We thus confirm effective diapause, occurring at the egg stage, for Ae. koreicus in a recently invaded area. Moreover, our quantification of diapause duration and hatching success might help in better designing future experiments and improving modeling effort