A propósito de 1808: el clero arequipeño y el liberalismo español

El artículo constituye una presentación del liberalismo que se difundió entre el clero arequipeño. Centra su atención en dos notables fundadores de la república peruana: Francisco Javier de Luna Pizarro y Mariano José de Arce, vinculando su actuación pública con los procesos políticos e ideológicos desencadenados por la coyuntura de 1808, en España y el Perú. Sostiene que para ambos, el liberalismo fue primero una oportunidad de reforma, y luego, un instrumento político para evitar la anarquía, ya producida la independencia

Redefinition of the Ilerdian Stage (early Eocene)

The Ilerdian Stage was created by Hottinger and Schaub in 1960 to accommodate a significant phase in the evolution of larger foraminifera not recorded in the northern European basins, and has since been adopted by most researchers working on shallow marine early Paleogene deposits of the Tethys domain. One of the defining criteria of the stage is a major turnover of larger foraminifera, marked by the FO's of Alveolina vredenburgi (formerly A. cucumiformis) and Nummulites fraasi. There is now conclusive evidence that this turnover was coeval with the onset of the Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) and, consequently, with the Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) boundary, a temporal correspondence that reinforces the usefulness of the Ilerdian as a chronostratigraphic subdivision of the early Eocene in a regional context. However, in addition to the paleontological criteria, the definition of the Ilerdian was also based on the designation of two reference sections in the southern Pyrenees: Tremp (stratotype) and Campo (parastratotype). In both sections, the base of the stage was placed at the lowest marine bed containing A. vredenburgi specimens. Using the CIE as a correlation tool we demonstrate that these two marine beds occur at different chronological levels, being older in Campo than in Tremp. Further, we show that both beds are in turn younger than the lowest strata with Ilerdian larger foraminifera at the deep-water Ermua section in the Basque Basin (western Pyrenees). Since the age of stage boundaries must be the same everywhere, the choice of these stratotype sections was misleading, since in practice it resulted in the Ilerdian being used as a facies term rather than as a chronostratigraphic unit. To eliminate that conflict, and yet be respectful with established tradition, we propose to redefine the Ilerdian Stage following a procedure similar to the one used by the International Commission on Stratigraphy to establish global chronostratigraphic standards, namely: by using a "silver spike" to be placed in the Tremp section at the base of the Claret Conglomerate, a widespread lithological unit that in the Tremp Graus Basin coincides with the onset of the CIE. The redefined regional Ilerdian Stage becomes thus directly correlatable to the lower part of the global Ypresian Stage, as currently defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy

El problema con la idoneidad y los incentivos en el Sistema de Protección al Consumidor en el Perú

La presente monografía tiene como hipótesis demostrar que la aplicación del Código de Protección al Consumidor por parte del organismo de competencia encargado de aplicarlo, actúa en despropósito de su protegido: el consumidor. Todo ello debido a la ambigüedad en la regulación y más aún sobre los artículos 18 y 19 del Código de Protección y Defensa al Consumidor, siendo que el concepto de Idoneidad que éstos últimos regulan no tiene un criterio objetivo a través del cual se pueda sancionar a los proveedores. La falta de un criterio objetivo para sancionar en un proceso Administrativo Sancionados, no sólo genera inseguridad jurídica, sino atenta contra el principio de tipicidad exhaustiva recogido en el artículo 230 inciso 4, titulado “Principio de la Potestad Sancionadora” en la Ley No. 27444 del Procedimiento Administrativo General y no es sostenible desde un análisis desde un punto de visto del Análisis Económico del DerechoTrabajo académic

Cognate reflex prediction as hypothesis test for a genealogical relation between the Panoan and Takanan language families

We present a novel approach for testing genealogical relations between language families. Our method, which has previously only been applied to closely related languages, makes predictions for cognate reflexes based on the regularity of proposed sound correspondences between language families that are hypothesized to be related. We test the hypothesis about a genealogical relation between Panoan and Takanan, two linguistic families of the Amazon. The workflow contributes to new ideas of hypothesis testing in historical linguistics and can likely be transferred to other language families. We predict 206 cognate reflexes from Shipibo-Konibo, a Panoan language, from independently proposed Proto-Takanan reconstructions and test our predictions in elicitation sessions with speakers of the language. We found 21 correct predictions from the core-set, as well as another 20 correct predictions from the extended set of predictions. In addition to confirming the previously established sound correspondence patterns, we find further evidence for additional patterns that suggest the reconstruction of three new phonemes for Proto-Pano-Takanan

Enfoque del derecho a la salud mental según el tribunal constitucional en concordancia con la nueva Ley de Salud Mental: un análisis a partir de una sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional Peruano en concordancia con la nueva Ley de Salud Mental

The present jurisprudential comment describes a judgment of the Peruvian Constitutional Court regarding a case in which the violation of the Law of Mental Health is alleged. It will be analyzed what is meant by the Right to Health, mental health, the regulation in this respect that exists in Peru until the new Law of Mental Health, as well as the function or work of the State in front of this fundamental rightEl presente comentario de jurisprudencia describe una sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional peruano respecto a un caso en el que se alega la violación al Derecho de Salud mental. Se analizará qué se entiende por Derecho a la Salud, la salud mental, la regulación al respecto que existe en el Perú hasta la nueva Ley de Salud mental así como la función o labor del Estado frente a este derecho fundamental

Antecedentes de la regulación normativa sobre el cambio climático en el Perú

This article develops the international normative background of one of the global and gravitational problems that has been affecting humanity as a whole without distinction of race, sex or socioeconomic strata, as is the climate change that generates besides environmental impacts, social impacts and We also take as a reference the scientific reports prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for its acronym in English and conclude with a general analysis of the new Law on climate change. that our country has enacted in March of this year, becoming the first State that has enacted legislation on climate change.El presente artículo desarrolla los antecedentes normativos internacionales de uno de los problemas globales y gravitantes que viene afectando a la humanidad en su conjunto sin distinción de raza, sexo o estratos socioeconómico, como es el cambio climático que genera además de impactos ambientales, impactos sociales y económicos a distintos Estados y Regiones del planeta, Además tomamos como referencia los informes de carácter científico elaborado por el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) por sus siglas en inglés y concluimos con un análisis general a la nueva Ley sobre cambio climático que ha promulgado nuestro país en el mes de marzo del presente año, constituyéndose en el primer Estado que ha dictado una legislación sobre cambio climático