Isolation of oligomycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase from beef heart mitochondria and analysis of its fine structure

1. An oligomycin -sensitive ATPase was isolated and partially purified from beef heart mitochondria. The specific activity of ATPase sensitive to oligomycin of the fraction was five to eight times that of aged mitochondrial or of DNP-induced mitochondrial ATPase assayed under the same condition. 2. Electron micrographs of the partially purified oligomycin- sensitive ATPase reveal a structure in which headpieces are regularly attached by way of stalks to a thread-like structure derived from a superficial portion of base pieces. 3. A high concentration of the structured material coincided with a high activity of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. When the headpieces were detached from the structure, the ATPase became insensitive to oligomycin. 4. The fraction of oligomycin -sensitive ATPase was essentially free of membrane structure and was contaminated with a small amount of cytochromes b and Cl but no cyt. a. Cytochrome concentrations of the preparations were indifferent to the activity of oligomycin sensitive ATPase. It follows that ATPase does not require cytochromes or membrane structure for its oligomycin sensitivity. 5. From these results it seems that the factor rendering ATPase sensitive to oligomycin should be contained in the stalks and/or the thread-like portion of basepieces of the structure. The structure is the simplest unit of oligomycinsensitive ATPase as yet obtained. 6. The structure was called &#34;oligomycin-sensitive ATPase particles&#34; (abbreviated as OSA particles). A unit of OSA particles consists of a headpiece attached by a stalk to a portion of base piece.</p

CO(2) Fluxes Measured by Eddy Correlation and Aerodynamic Techniques

To elucidate the seasonal and inter-annual variation of CO(2) exchanges between the atmosphere and cultivated field in Japan, the CO(2) flux has been measured by the eddy correlation technique at the experimental farm of Agricultural Faculty, Okayama University since December in 1998. The CO(2) sensor, however, does not work under rainy conditions. The improved aerodynamic technique was developed and used to cover CO(2) flux data which were not collected. This technique gives reasonable CO(2) fluxes even in rainy days. The reliability of the technique was also confirmed by comparing CO(2) fluxes with those measured by the eddy correlation technique using data in fine weather conditions

Cryptococcus, Pathological observations of five autopsy cases and one biopsy case

Pathologic, anatomical, and histological findings of 5 autopsy cases and one biopsy case of cryptococcosis have been described. Macroscopically the foci of the lung are grayish white or yellowish white in color and range in size from the small acinous-nodular ones to the larger lobular-nodular ones. In the brain the meninx appears gelatinous and edematous showing many small spots with indistinct boundary and with grayish white color. Lymph nodes infected with fungi are swollen in various degrees. Histologically the foci are mainly consisted of granulomatous inflammation containing giant cells. Besides, there are small degenerative foci having no inflammatory response and the lesions of marked fibrosis; the former will be newly formed foci and the latter the old ones. The size of C. neoformans found in tissue ranges from 3 to 30 &#956;, and the majority of fungi possess thick gelatinous capsule, but some of them in granulative lesions often possess no capsule. From the staining properties the capsule of C. neoformans is believed to be a kind of acid mucopolysaccharide. As for the staining method including general fungi, GOMORI's methenamine silver method is best, especially for the detailed examination of fungus structures, and for the differential diagnosis mucicarmine stain is the most suitable one. In tracing the distribution of the foci in the various organs, it seems that the first attack of this fungus occurs in the lung. The authors have called general attention, through their own experiences, to the fact that the small granulomatous foci caused by Cryptococcus infection, especially in the lung, may often escape the detection at autopsy.</p

Purification of the head-pieces of the elementary particles from beef heart mitochondria: their morphological structure and enzymatic activity

1. In order to obtain direct evidence for the enzymatic identification of the head-pieces of the elementary particles in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the head-pieces were detached by sonication from the isolated inner membrane of beef heart mitochondria, purified by pursuing the particles with the electron microscope, and analyzed for enzymatic properties. 2. Electron microscope examination revealed that the isolated headpieces are the spherical particles about 90&#192; in diameter which are quite similar in appearance to the head-pieces of the elementary particles lining the inner mitochondrial membranes. 3. The head-pieces are identified as ATPase sensitive to oligomysin when attached by stalks to the membrane, and become insensitive when detached or purified from the membrane. 4. The head-piece is labile to cold with respect to ATPase activity and morphology.</p

Coalition analysis with preference uncertainty in group decision support

Coalition analysis is extended to incorporate uncertain preference into three stability concepts, general metarationality (GMR), symmetric metarationality (SMR), and sequential stability (SEQ) under the paradigm of the graph model for conflict resolution. As a follow-up analysis in the graph model, coalition analysis aims to assess whether equilibriums under individual calculations are vulnerable to coalition moves and countermoves and, hence, become unstable under coalition stabilities. Coalition analysis has been considered for transitive graph models with simple preference under four stabilities, Nash, GMR, SMR, and SEQ, as well as general graph models with uncertain preference for the Nash stability. This paper introduces preference uncertainty into coalition stabilities under GMR, SMR, and SEQ for general graph models that can be transitive or intransitive. Depending on the focal coalition’s different attitudes towards preference uncertainty, four different extensions are presented. Interrelationships of coalition stabilities are investigated within each extension and across the four extensions. A case study is carried out to illustrate how to apply the proposed coalition stabilities

Crossing-Line-Node Semimetals: General Theory and Application to Rare-Earth Trihydrides

Multiple line nodes in energy-band gaps are found in semimetals preserving mirror-reflection symmetry. We classify possible configurations of multiple line nodes with crossing points (crossing line nodes) under point-group symmetry. Taking the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) into account, we also classify topological phase transitions from crossing-line-node Dirac semimetals to other topological phases, e.g., topological insulators and point-node semimetals. This study enables one to find crossing-line-node semimetal materials and their behavior in the presence of SOI from the band structure in the absence of SOI without detailed calculations. As an example, the theory applies to hexagonal rare-earth trihydrides with the HoD3 structure and clarifies that it is a crossing-line-node Dirac semimetal hosting three line nodes.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure

Role of Nlrp6 and Nlrp12 in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102624/1/eji2871.pd

Nod2 and Rip2 contribute to innate immune responses in mouse neutrophils

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108631/1/imm12307.pd