Structural and Functional Aspects of Class A Carbapenemases.

The fight against infectious diseases is probably one of the greatest public health challenges faced by our society, especially with the emergence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negatives that are in some cases pan-drug resistant. Currently,β-lactamase-mediated resistance does not spare even the newest and most powerful β-lactams (carbapenems), whose activity is challenged by carbapenemases. The worldwide dissemination of carbapenemases in gram-negative organisms threatens to take medicine back into the pre-antibiotic era since the mortality associated with infections caused by these superbugs is very high, due to limited treatment options. Clinically-relevant carbapenemases belong either to metallo-β- lactamases (MBLs) of Ambler class B or to serine-β-lactamases (SBLs) of Ambler class A and D enzymes. Class A carbapenemases may be chromosomally-encoded (SME, NmcA, SFC-1, BIC-1, PenA, FPH-1, SHV-38), plasmid-encoded (KPC, GES, FRI-1) or both (IMI). The plasmid-encoded enzymes are often associated with mobile elements responsible for their mobilization. These enzymes, even though weakly related in terms of sequence identities, share structural features and a common mechanism of action. They variably hydrolyse penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, and are inhibited by clavulanate and tazobactam. Three-dimensional structures of class A carbapenemases, in the apo form or in complex with substrates/inhibitors, together with site-directed mutagenesis studies, provide essential input for identifying the structural factors and subtle conformational changes that influence the hydrolytic profile and inhibition of these enzymes. Overall, these data represent the building blocks for understanding the structure-function relationships that define the phenotypes of class A carbapenemases and can guide the design of new molecules of therapeutic interest

Definition of terms and presentation of processes regarding the collection, recycling and capitalization of waste packaging from agricultural activities

Packaging, packaging waste and agriculture are separate, distinct concepts for Romania in 2015; they seem to have nothing in common. By bringing these words together and thoroughly studying the areas which they represent, we noticed that they are the starting point in defining a new concept: "Agriculture Waste Packaging". This concept is in fact a new issue which Romania will have to face and can bring great harm to the country's natural heritage no later than in 2020

Some Relevant Econophysics’ Moments of History, Definitions, Methods, Models and New Trends

New models result from a new way of thinking or from the trans-disciplinary methods used in new domains. Econophysics improve the quality of the classical research of Economics through its original models and methods. As a new or very young science Econophysics means either a new domain for physicists or new methods and ways of thinking for economists in the modern world. Physicists have recently established careers in the banking, financial, life insurance and marketing more easily than we could imagine only because their appetite for data and new laws of economic realities. After a brief historical background of the last three decades, a new section is defining what Econophysics is, and others underline significant methods, models, results, and trends. A final remark is inspired by the needs of globalize economies.Econophysics, Statistical Physics, Econophysics model, Quantum Statistics, power law, diffusion.

CURRENT TRENDS OF ROMANIAN RURAL FAMILY

The profound changes experienced by the Romanian society had a profound social impact on the structure and functions of the rural family. The paper aims to highlight the main trends recorded using a number of indicators: ruralization rate, birth rate, infant mortality rate, percentage of children born outside marriage, fertility rate, percentage of population aged 65 and over. Statistics from censuses and statistical yearbooks were processed to identify the trends of the Romanian rural family: changes in reproductive behavior, increased aging, declining birth rates

Definition of terms and presentation of processes regarding the collection, recycling and capitalization of waste packaging from agricultural activities

Packaging, packaging waste and agriculture are separate, distinct concepts for Romania in 2015; they seem to have nothing in common. By bringing these words together and thoroughly studying the areas which they represent, we noticed that they are the starting point in defining a new concept: "Agriculture Waste Packaging". This concept is in fact a new issue which Romania will have to face and can bring great harm to the country's natural heritage no later than in 2020

Ethic and Unethic. Students and the Unethical Behavior During Academic Years

AbstractIn a morally corrupt world, education remains the sole rescue anchor to guide the new generation towards a rehabilitation of moral values. The finding is based on the fact that all those studies which have followed moral reasoning have highlighted the importance of moral reasoning in daily life but also in the professional career, the certainty that moral reasoning is deeply connected to the academic preparation level and the importance of teachers as role models able to inspire values and moral principles. The papers’ focuses want to identify students’ unethical behaviors during the academic years and the differences between different types of faculties

Jurical Aspects Regarding Medical Malpractice

I have made the presentation of the present legislative framework regarding the medical malpractice, starting from the first enactment of the Law regarding the reform within the healthcare in 2006 with further amendments and addenda (the latest amendment was adopted in 2010). It has herein appeared a continuous concern for the reconcilability of our legislation with the European legislation for the purpose of simplifying the working procedures. Although these laws have been in our country for almost 5 years, it can still be hold that there are some disparities between the law of malpractice and the stipulations of the Penal Code.medical malpractice, the Penal Code, the Law on reform within the healthcare field

A Corporate Model of Similitude for SMEs Reunion into a Corporation, Viewed from the Angle of Physical Thought, and Its Complex Economic and Social Impact

In order to exceed the circularity of formal economic thinking, the authors of the present paper favour the models of thinking specific to physics, which are also constructed statistically and mathematically, in an attempt to find an answer to the reunion of similar small and medium enterprises (SMEs), into multinational corporations. A model based on the theory of similitude is thus made use of, born from the very essence of physics, and having an economic and social destination and a complex impact. The physical models intended for economic systems are expressed as systems of partial differential equations, and the result becomes a new vision of reality. This paper details an original model based on physical similitude for SME amalgamation under the name of multinational corporations. After an introduction to the physical theory of similitude, the first section describes the physics model because of the reunion of similar SMEs. The real birth of some corporations in Serbia forms the content of the second section; the economic and social phenomena relating to the generation of such corporations, and the corporate social responsibility are emphasized. The idea of social complexity and its impact as the fifth dimension of a modern multinational corporation conclude the paper.physical model, small and medium enterprise (SME), multinational corporation (MNE), corporate social responsibility (CSR), economic and social complexity