Doctrinal Antithesis in Anglo-American Administrative Law

English administrative law guards judicial supremacy over all matters of statutory interpretation, while instructing judges to refrain from scrutinizing administrators’ factual findings. By contrast, American federal courts are obliged to respect agencies’ statutory-interpretive autonomy, but take a rigorous “hard look” at substantial agency factual determinations. This Article argues that the antithetical approaches to judicial review of administrative action adopted by the apex courts of the United Kingdom and the United States can be adequately explained by the polarization of these two polities along a spectrum of effective vetogates.published_or_final_versio

Orthogonal Adsorption Onto Nano-Graphene Oxide Using Different Intermolecular Forces for Multiplexed Delivery

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wang, F., Liu, B., Ip, A. C.-F., & Liu, J. (2013). Orthogonal Adsorption Onto Nano-Graphene Oxide Using Different Intermolecular Forces for Multiplexed Delivery. Advanced Materials, 25(30), 4087–4092, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201301183. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Nano-graphene oxide can adsorb both doxorubicin and zwitterionic dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes in an orthogonal and non-competing manner with high capacities based on different surface and intermolecular forces taking place on the heterogeneous surface of the graphene oxide. The system forms stable colloids, allowing co-delivery of both cargos to cancer cells.University of Waterloo || Canadian Foundation for Innovation || Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council || Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation |

Phonon lasing from optical frequency comb illumination of a trapped ion

An atomic transition can be addressed by a single tooth of an optical frequency comb if the excited state lifetime ($\tau$) is significantly longer than the pulse repetition period ($T_\mathrm{r}$). In the crossover regime between fully-resolved and unresolved comb teeth ($\tau \lessapprox T_\mathrm{r}$), we observe Doppler cooling of a pre-cooled trapped atomic ion by a single tooth of a frequency-doubled optical frequency comb. We find that for initially hot ions, a multi-tooth effect gives rise to lasing of the ion's harmonic motion in the trap, verified by acoustic injection locking. The gain saturation of this phonon laser action leads to a comb of steady-state oscillation amplitudes, allowing hot ions to be loaded directly into the trap and laser cooled to crystallization despite the presence of hundreds of blue-detuned teeth.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Oral coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptide is beneficial by slowing the progression of lung cancer

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Gradients and anisotropies of high energy cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere

Two cosmic rays which pass through the same point going in opposite directions will, in the absence of scattering and inhomogeneities in the magnetic field, trace helices about adjacent flux tubes, whose centerlines are separated by one gyrodiameter. A directional anisotropy at the point suggests a difference in the number of cosmic rays loading the two flux tubes; that is, a density gradient over the baseline of a gyrodiameter. Previous studies at lower energies have shown that the cosmic ray density gradients vary in time and space. It is suggested that the radial gradient associated with solar cycle modulation is supported largely by narrow barriers which encircle the sun and propagate outward with the solar wind. If so, the anisotropy is a desirable way to detect spatial gradients, because it can be associated with the local solar wind and magnetic field conditions. Anisotropic measurements made by Cerenkov detectors on Pioneers 10 and 11 were studied. It was found that local anisotropy varies greatly, but that the long term average is consistent with the global radial gradient measured between two spacecraft over a baseline of many AU

Gradients and anisotropies of high energy cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere

Previous studies at lower energies have shown that the cosmic ray density gradients vary in space and time, and many authors currently are suggesting that the radial gradient associated with solar cycle modulation is supported largely by narrow barriers which encircle the Sun and propagate outward with the solar wind. If so, the anisotropy is a desirable way to detect spatial gradients, because it can be associated with the local solar wind and magnetic field conditions. With this in mind, the anisotropy measurements made by the UCSD Cerenkov detectors on Pioneers 10 and 11 are studied. It is shown that the local anisotropy varies greatly, but that the long term average is consistent with the global radial gradient measured between two spacecraft over a baseline of many AU