KNOWLEDGE OF DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND LATE EFFECTS IN ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT CANCER

Abstract Purpose: While most children diagnosed with cancer survive their initial disease, the intensive treatments they receive place them at risk for late effects. Long-term follow-up (LTFU) care is recommended for cancer survivors for surveillance and early detection of late effects. Knowledge, or lack thereof, regarding diagnosis, treatment and late effects is an important barrier and/or facilitator for attending LTFU care in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. The purpose of our study was to examine the extent of knowledge in Canadian AYA survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer, and identify factors associated with such knowledge. Methods: Survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer, between the ages of 15 and 26 years, were recruited from three pediatric oncology centres. Patients were invited to participate in the study through mail and clinic recruitment. A questionnaire booklet, including the Cancer Knowledge Survey that asked questions about cancer, treatment and late effects, was administered to collect necessary information. Clinical data was extracted from hospital records to validate participants’ answers. Results: 250 (response rate= 75.5 percent) out of 331 patients invited to participate completed the questionnaire booklet. 18 (7.2 percent) participants lacked information regarding their type of cancer, whereas 25 (10.3 percent) participants were ‘not knowledgeable’ of their treatment. Lack of knowledge regarding treatment was associated with being non-white [odds ratio= 0.3 (0.2-0.6)] compared with white. Also, 83 (33.5 percent) participants were unaware of their late effects. Lack of knowledge regarding late effects was associated with younger age [odds ratio= 1.2 (1.1-1.3)], and having leukemia compared with embryonal tumour [odds ratio= 3.41 (1.10-10.6)]. Conclusion: Results from this study highlights important knowledge deficits, especially in terms of understanding risk of late effects from cancer treatments. Findings from this study can be used to design programs and interventions aimed at increasing cancer knowledge in AYA cancer survivors.Master of Science (MSc

From Mysticism to Art: The Symbolic Language of Sufism in Islamic Culture

This paper explores the development and influence of Sufism (Tasawwaf), Islamic mysticism, tracing its roots from conventional Islam to its evolution into a significant spiritual and cultural movement. It examines the core beliefs of Sufism, including the pursuit of Tawhid (oneness with God) and the significance of mystical knowledge (Marifa). The research examines how Sufism has influenced various forms of art and architecture within the Islamic world, with a particular focus on symbolism, geometry, and cosmological motifs. The relationships between spirituality and artistic expression are analysed, showcasing how symbols serve as vehicles for divine messages and deeper spiritual truths. Furthermore, the paper outlines the historical journey of Sufism, its institutionalisation under various dynasties, and its impact on literature, music, and visual arts throughout Islamic civilisation. Through contextualising the multifaceted nature of Sufism, the study aims to describe its philosophical contribution to spiritual, artistic, and cultural landscapes across different regions and ages

The Relationship Between Nurse Attitude and Students Self-Efficacy in Nursing Students Perceptive

Background: Clinical education is the methods by which nursing students are offered chances to apply the theories and learning of nursing, and work on nursing abilities that are basic to practice as a proficient staff nurse. For the competent clinical self efficacy, a caring relationship is necessary and essential for student learning in clinical setting. According to a study the clinical learning environment and supervision impact on clinical competency of nursing students.  There is significant impact of supervisory relationship on clinical experience of students. The relationship between clinical faculty and nurse teacher also has impact in clinical self efficacy of the nursing student.Method: a descriptive co relational study design used in this study. The study conducted in The University of Lahore on 117 students of Nursing. The sample size calculated through Solvens formula. Clinical learning environment supervision and Nurse Teacher evaluation scale (CLES+T) and nursing clinical self efficacy scale (NCSES) questionnaire used in study. Results: there is positive correlation between clinical learning environment and self efficacy of students. The overall co relational value is r=.336, p=.000 at the level of 0.01.Conclusion: It is concluded that the attitude of clinical staff has great impact on student clinical self efficacy. The creation a good clinical environment the clinical self efficacy of the student can be enhanced Keywords: Relationship, Attitude, Clinical Self Efficacy, Nursing students, Perception DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/62-02 Publication date:May 31st 201

Metacognitive Awareness of Pre-Service Teachers During their Teacher Education Continuum: A Comparative Study

In teacher education, one of the most important competencies involves what is known as metacognitive awareness; that is, being able to monitor, evaluate, and control what goes on in one's way of thinking. It is a comparative cross-sectional study based on the metacognitive awareness of 120 pre-service teachers studying in a variety of semesters of a teacher education course at the University of Education in Lahore. Moreover, the study examined two dimensions, the knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition, using the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI; Schraw & Dennison, 1994). The descriptive and inferential tests identified that there is progressive development of metacognitive awareness during the teacher education continuum, where the early-semester students' level of metacognitive awareness was found to be low, the middle-semester students fell into a moderate level, and the final-semester students' level of metacognitive awareness was found to be high. The findings suggest that metacognitive awareness can be developed gradually over the semesters, perhaps because of the greater exposure to pedagogical education, reflective practice, and overall maturity in the academic program.  It is recommended that during the period of teachers' pre-service education, specific training in metacognitive strategies be included to expedite the production of reflective, adaptive, and self-regulating practitioners

The human nature: an artistic reflection on origin, infinity, and self-realisation

This study attempts to answer the self-raised questions, identification of individuals, what are we? To understand two significant but contradictory aspects of human life, both comprise physical and non-physical abilities of humans who are limited biologically. However, humans have infinite capacities and transcend earthly limitations to achieve farfetched success. This qualitative study explores the beliefs about human existence. Reading relates to these aspects with a process of recognition that is defined as ‘Khudi’ taken as ‘Self-realization.’ Self-realization is associated with the identification of an individual’s peculiar self. Data from books, articles, and recent scholarships have been analysed. The methodology of the creative process and execution was quite experimental and created a three-dimensional space with different mediums and materials. The analysis revealed the process of literature, religion, science, arts, and human dignity. The study concludes that the human being is a perfect man with the achievement of governing his tangible and intangible abilities. The research finds mud as a tangible source of human origin and physical skills; defiantly, it affiliates wisdom and soul with the intangible abilities of humans. Success of being a perfect human is the ultimate purpose of human life, attained by using both abilities in their proper senses

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT THICKNESS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREVIOUS CESAREAN SECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Nowadays it’s a big problem of lower uterine thickness in pregnant women that causes a lot of problems. Lower uterine segment thickness is a strong predictor for uterine scar defect in women with prior caesarian section. Lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) rates are raising throughout the world. Women with previous one cesarean can undergo either the trial of vaginal birth or elective repeat cesarean section in their next pregnancy. The study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic measurement of lower uterine segment thickness in pregnant women So there we are going to evaluate lower uterine segment thickness in pregnant women sonographically by using transabdominal and transvaginal approaches as well. Objective: To evaluate lower uterine segment thickness in pregnant women with previous caesarian section by sonography. Materials and Methods: An electronic data base search was performed through the searches using PubMed, Google Scholar, international Journal of Gynecology & obstetrics and some other online journals and medical websites with the range from 2000-2021. All studies included in the research was in English language. Articles which had descriptive studies related to sonographic features of lower uterine segment thickness of pregnant women with C-section. Results: Research data of 200 patients in all studies showed that Transvaginal ultrasound provided greater reliability in LUS measurements than did transabdominal ultrasound. The use of three-dimensional ultrasound improved significantly the reliability of the LUS muscular thickness measurement obtained transvaginal Conclusion: We identified certain sonographic patterns that can accurately shows the lower uterine segment thickness in pregnant women with previous caesarian section. Keywords: LUS lower uterine segment thickness, Transabdominal and Transvaginal ultrasonography, Pregnancy, Caesarian Section DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/93-07 Publication date:September 30th 202

Morphology and seed protein profile for a new species of the genus Cleome L. (Cleomaceae) from Pakistan

A new species of the genus Cleome L. from Pakistan is described and illustrated. The new species is described under the name C. karachiensis sp. nov. and compared with two closely related species i.e., Cleome brachycarpa and C. viscosa in terms of morphology, palynology, seed morphology and seed protein profile. A key to the species of genus Cleome L. from Pakistan is also provided

Impact of Software Testing Techniques on Software Project Success through Regression Analysis

This study is intended to evaluate the effectiveness of software testing techniques for the success of software project. The research studies Functional Testing, Performance Testing and Regression Testing as critical factors and characterizes the importance of them for the acquisition of project milestones. Furthermore, the study aims to address if software testing techniques have significant effect on project success and does software testing techniques have significant relationship with each other. The study contributes to making polices by government, by providing a broad vision about effective testing techniques implementations in software houses and shows how management can boast the business and get the rewards of successful business. This study is focused to lead new techniques in enhancing project quality in IT sector of Pakistan. Moreover, this study will give an opportunity to management to pay more attention on quality assurance department to enhance their project success and finally their business growth

Impact of Software Testing Techniques on Software Project Success through Regression Analysis

This study is intended to evaluate the effectiveness of software testing techniques for the success of software project. The research studies Functional Testing, Performance Testing and Regression Testing as critical factors and characterizes the importance of them for the acquisition of project milestones. Furthermore, the study aims to address if software testing techniques have significant effect on project success and does software testing techniques have significant relationship with each other. The study contributes to making polices by government, by providing a broad vision about effective testing techniques implementations in software houses and shows how management can boast the business and get the rewards of successful business. This study is focused to lead new techniques in enhancing project quality in IT sector of Pakistan. Moreover, this study will give an opportunity to management to pay more attention on quality assurance department to enhance their project success and finally their business growth

A mini review on food preservatives

Food additives are not recently discovered, humans used food additives from ancient times.These food additives enhance the color and taste of food but also, kill harmful pathogens andkeep food safe for a long time. Ancient people used salting, smoking, jugging and many moretechniques to preserve food but in modern times, lifestyles changed, and people used advancedtechniques like ultra-sonication, vacuum packing, electro plasmolysis, bio preservation,nanotechnology, etc. There are many natural compounds extracted from plants like caffeine,anthocyanin, turmeric, saffron used as food additives. Similarly, many synthetic additives canbe used in food for example ampicillin, benzoic acid, tetrazine and many more. These syntheticadditives are more dangerous as compared to natural additives; therefore, many additives arebanned in the world. These additives are given E codes (European union numbers) and INS(International numbering system of food), but E code is used more commonly and labelled onall food items like chips, biscuit, pharmaceutics, cosmetics etc. In this review, we summarizesome traditional and modern food preservation techniques and give some most commonly usedfood additives with E codes