Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Sweden: A Leveraged Bootstrap Approach, 1965-2000

The causal interaction between energy consumption, real activity and the prices in the Swedish economy is investigated over the period 1965-2000. The leveraged bootstrap simulation technique is used to generate more reliable critical values for tests of Granger causality between integrated variables. The estimation results reveal that energy consumption does not cause economic activity but rather it is caused by economic activity. Also we find that prices cause both economic activity and energy consumption without feedback causal relationship from these variables. The policy implications of these causal findings are explained.Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Leveraged Bootstrap Technique, Sweden

FOREIGN AID AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: NEW EVIDENCE FROM PANEL COINTEGRATION

The relationship between foreign aid and economic growth is investigated for a panel of developing countries (Botswana, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Sri-Lanka, and Tanzania) over the period 1974-1996. The results reveal that the variables contain a panel unit root and they cointegrate in a panel perspective. The long-run elasticities (close to one for most countries) show that foreign aid has a positive and significant effect on economic activity for each country in the sample. A policy implication which may be drawn from the study is that foreign capital flows can have a favorable effect on real income by supplementing domestic savings.Foreign Aid, Economic Growth, Panel Unit Root Tests, Panel Cointegration, Africa, Asia

Numerical study of the coupling between reaction and mass transfer for liquid-liquid slug flow in square microchannels

While the benefits of miniaturisation on processes have been widely demonstrated, its impact on microfluidics and local mechanisms such as mass transfer is still little understood. The aim of this work is to simulate coupling between reaction and mass transfer in microchannels for liquid-liquid slug flow. First, the extrapolation to confined flow of the classical model used to calculate interfacial mass fluxes in reactive infinite media was studied. This model consists in estimating transferred fluxes between two phases as a function of the enhancement factor E. Its expression depends on the model used to represent interfacial mass transfer. In infinite media, Lewis and Whitman’s stagnant film theory is generally preferred for its simplicity and its reliability. In the case of confined slug flow, the limitation of such a model to predict interfacial fluxes is highlighted. Secondly, the case of liquid-liquid competitive consecutive reactions in microchannels is considered. This work emphasizes the unfavourable impact of the length between droplets on selectivity. This is a direct consequence of mass transport mechanisms in microchannels

Growth response of broilers to lysine levels and hydrolyzed porcine digestive mucosa (Palbio) inclusion in diet from 1 to 21 d of age

Palbio (PAL, Palbio 50 RD, Bioibérica, Spain) is a protein concentrate based on hydrolyzed porcine digestive mucosa dried under a fluid bed system over a soybean carrier, currently used in piglet feeds. The digestibility of PAL is very high and the product may be an excellent source of protein for young chicks. An experiment was conducted with 1,280 straight-run one-d-old Ross 308 chicks to evaluate the growth response of broilers to dietary inclusion of PAL

Efecto de la incusion de hidrolizado de mucosa digestiva porcina (palbio 50 rd®) y del nivel de lisina del pienso sobre los parametros productivos en pollos de 1 a 21 dias de edad

El hidrolizado de mucosa digestiva de porcino (Palbio 50 RD ® , Bioiéerica, S.A., PAL) se utiliza con resultados óptimos en la alimentación de lechones recién destetados (Lindeman el al. 2000; Corassa et al. 2007). En un trabajo reciente, Mohiti-Asli et al. (2011) observaron que la inclusión de PAL mejoraba los resultados productivos en pollos de engorde a cualquier edad. En este trabajo se demostró que los niveles más recomendables de utilización de PAL teniendo en cuenta razones productivas y económicas, era el 2,5%. En esta investigación se estudio el efecto de la inclusión de 2,5% de PAL en piensos para pollos con niveles crecientes de lisina total (LYS, 1,1 a 1,4%). El objetivo fue estudiar si los efectos beneficiosos del PAL sobre la productividad de los pollos eran independientes o no del nivel de LYS del pienso

Determinación del contenido en energía metabolizable de distintas fuentes de lípidos procedentes de la industria del aceite de soja

Los aceites vegetales se utilizan en la alimentación de gallinas ponedoras para aumentar la concentración energética de los piensos y como fuente de ácido linoleico. Además, Mateos y Sell (1981) han demostrado que la inclusión de grasas ralentiza la velocidad de tránsito de la digesta lo que favorece el contacto entre los nutrientes de la dieta y las enzimas digestivas, mejorando su utilización digestiva. Como consecuencia, la inclusión de grasas es una práctica común en la formulación de piensos comerciales para aves de puesta. El aceite de soja (AS) debido a su alto contenido energético y en ácido linoleico es el aceite de elección en piensos para avicultura pero su alto coste limita su utilización en piensos comerciales. Dos co-productos de la industria del aceite de soja, las oleínas (OAS) y el aceite de freiduría (ASR) podrían sustituir al AS en piensos para avicultura. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el contenido en energía metabolizable aparente (EMA) de estos aceites y comparar los resultados obtenidos utilizando dos metodologías de cálculo

Effects of the main cereal and type of fat of the diet on productive performance and egg quality of brown egg laying hens from twenty two to fifty four weeks of age

The influence of the main cereal and supplemental fat of the diet on productive performance and egg quality was studied in 756 brown-egg laying hens from 22 to 54 weeks of age. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 9 treatments arranged factorially with 3 cereals (dented corn, soft wheat, and barley) and 3 types of fat [soy oil (SBO), acidulated soapstocks (AOS), and lard]

Influence of soy oil source and supplementation of the diet with vitamin E and vi tamin C on performance and egg quality of Single Comb White Leghourn lyaing hens from forty four to fity six weeks of age

Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the AME content of refined soybean oil (SO), recycled soybean oil (RSO), and acidulated soybean oil soapstocks (ASO) and the effects of inclusion of vitamin E and vitamin C in diets containing 3.5% of these soy oils on performance and egg quality of Hy-line hens from 44 to 56 wks of age

Effecto del cereal principal y el tipo de grasa en la dieta sobre los parámetros productivos en gallinas rubias en el periodo

Maíz, trigo y cebada son cereales comúnmente utilizados en piensos para ponedoras. A nivel práctico estos piensos incluyen un mínimo de 25 a 30% de maíz para asegurar altos consumos y mejorar el tamaño del huevo. Esta práctica puede estar relacionada con la mejora de la estructura del pienso maíz, así como al mayor contenido en ácido linoléico (LIN) de este cereal, que puede dar lugar en un incremento del peso del huevo, especialmente cuando el consumo es bajo. La adición de grasa al pienso aumenta la concentración energética del mismo y en general, el contenido en LIN (Schutze and Jensen, 1963). En este trabajo se investigó el efecto del tipo de cereal y grasa añadida sobre la productividad en ponedoras rubias. Un segundo objetivo fue evaluar la relación entre contenido en LIN del pienso y el tamaño del huevo