Comparing journals from different fields of Science and Social Science through a JCR Subject Categories Normalized Impact Factor

The journal Impact Factor (IF) is not comparable among fields of Science and Social Science because of systematic differences in publication and citation behaviour across disciplines. In this work, a decomposing of the field aggregate impact factor into five normally distributed variables is presented. Considering these factors, a Principal Component Analysis is employed to find the sources of the variance in the JCR subject categories of Science and Social Science. Although publication and citation behaviour differs largely across disciplines, principal components explain more than 78% of the total variance and the average number of references per paper is not the primary factor explaining the variance in impact factors across categories. The Categories Normalized Impact Factor (CNIF) based on the JCR subject category list is proposed and compared with the IF. This normalization is achieved by considering all the indexing categories of each journal. An empirical application, with one hundred journals in two or more subject categories of economics and business, shows that the gap between rankings is reduced around 32% in the journals analyzed. This gap is obtained as the maximum distance among the ranking percentiles from all categories where each journal is included.Comment: 28 pages, 4 tables and 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1007.4749 by other author

Impact maturity times and citation time windows: The 2-year maximum journal impact factor

Journal metrics are employed for the assessment of scientific scholar journals from a general bibliometric perspective. In this context, the Thomson Reuters journal impact factors (JIF) are the citation-based indicators most used. The 2-year journal impact factor (2-JIF) counts citations to one and two year old articles, while the 5-year journal impact factor (5-JIF) counts citations from one to five year old articles. Nevertheless, these indicators are not comparable among fields of science for two reasons: (i) each field has a different impact maturity time, and (ii) because of systematic differences in publication and citation behaviour across disciplines. In fact, the 5-JIF firstly appeared in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) in 2007 with the purpose of making more comparable impacts in fields in which impact matures slowly. However, there is not an optimal fixed impact maturity time valid for all the fields. In some of them two years provides a good performance whereas in others three or more years are necessary. Therefore, there is a problem when comparing a journal from a field in which impact matures slowly with a journal from a field in which impact matures rapidly. In this work, we propose the 2-year maximum journal impact factor (2M-JIF), a new impact indicator that considers the 2-year rolling citation time window of maximum impact instead of the previous 2-year time window. Finally, an empirical application comparing 2-JIF, 5-JIF, and 2M-JIF shows that the maximum rolling target window reduces the between-group variance with respect to the within-group variance in a random sample of about six hundred journals from eight different fields.Comment: 24 pages, 5 tables and 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1007.4749, arXiv:1208.6122 by other author

Reconstructing the image of the ideal city in Renaissance painting and theatre: Its influence in specific urban environments. Digital technology and visual culture

This paper shows a virtual reconstruction based on a comparative study between scenography designs of urban views, and similar landscapes used in painting, in order to eventually find correspondences with specific urban environments.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Las Finanzas: Administracion de la cartera Comercial de la Empresa el Buen Vino S,A en el año 2014

Actualmente en la empresa EL BUEN VINO, S.A. los niveles de venta aumentaron en el último semestre del año 2013 por lo que se requiere analizar la administración de la cartera comercial para determinar la efectividad de las operaciones realizadas a través de herramientas financieras que permitan evaluar los procesos y procedimientos utilizados en el departamento de cartera considerando el aumento en los saldos en la integración de las cuentas. Al efectuar el análisis financiero se aplicaron herramientas de análisis financieros tales como métodos de análisis horizontal y vertical para determinar los aumentos y las disminuciones de importancia relativa en las cuentas que integran los estados financieros. Se implementaron razones financieras que permitió evaluar cada proceso vinculado con la administración de cartera comercial. Al momento de realizar el análisis de antigüedad de saldo se determino el riesgo de cobro que surge de las variaciones en los saldos de las carteras mayores a 30 días. Estos análisis determinaron saldos elevados en la cartera comercial, considerando la incorrecta implementación de estándares de selección de clientes para otorgamiento de créditos y políticas de apoyo a la gestión de cobro. Influyendo la cartera de clientes que poseen condiciones de créditos especiales y conforman las carteras vencidas en la integración de las cuentas por cobrar

Circumnuclear structure and kinematics in the active galaxy NGC 6951

A study is presented of the central structure and kinematics of the galaxy NGC 6951, by means of broad band B'IJK images and high resolution high dispersion longslit spectroscopy, together with archival HST WFPC2 V and NICMOS2 J and H images. We find that there is evidence of two modes of star formation, in bursts and continuously. The equivalent width of the CaII triplet absorption lines show that, in the metal rich central region, the continuum is dominated by a population of red supergiants. The gaseous and stellar kinematics along three slit position angles, suggest the existence of a hierarchy of disks within disks, whose dynamics are decoupled at the two ILRs, that we find at 180 pc and at 1100 pc. This is supported by the structure seen in the high resolution HST images. The nucleus is spatially resolved within a radius of 1.5 arcsec, just inside the innermost ILR. Outside the iILR, the stellar CaT velocity profile is resolved into two components, associated with the bar and the disk. Several results indicate that this is a dynamically old system. It is thus possible that a nuclear bar has existed in NGC 6951 that drove the gas towards the nucleus, as in the bars within bars scenario, but that this bar has already dissolved by the gas accumulated within the circumnuclear region. We discuss the possibility that the kinematical component inside the iILR could be due to a nuclear outflow produced by the combined effects of SN and SN remnants, or to a nuclear disk, as in the disk within disk scenario that we propose for the fueling of the AGN in NGC 6951.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. High resolution images in http://www.iaa.es/~eperez/research/degas.htm

Maritime transport and trade : the impact of European transport policy. An overview of maritime freight transport patterns

In order to unblock major transport routes and to ensure sustainable mobility, the changing of freight road to rail or maritime transport is an European Union objective. The increasing seaborne transport, the growing process of containerization and building an infrastructure for regular maritime lines and increasing Short Sea Shipping draws a scene with maritime sector of companies of major size, as a result, in many occasions, of mergers and acquisitions. These dynamics seems to draw a new stage, with more concentrated markets. In this paper we intend to make an approach to the levels of concentration of maritime transport in Europe, trying to find a possible connection between new market structure in the maritime transport sector and the new economic situation promoted by European Transport Policy rules.peer-reviewe

Una medición de la rémora inflacionaria del IRPF : 1979-1985

Este artículo desarrolla un método simple para medir el impacto combinado de la inflación y la progresividad efectiva del impuesto personal sobre la renta sobre la recaudación real del tributo (rémora inflacionaria), utilizando la información contenida en los datos agregados difundidos por la Administración Tributaria. Este método se basa en una estimación simple de la tarifa de tipos impositivos efectivos y postula una distribución uniforme de los contribuyentes dentro de cada tramo de bases imponibles. La aplicación de este procedimiento al caso del IRPF entre 1979 y 1985 atribuye a la rémora inflacionaria aproximadamente un 85 por 100 de los aumentos recaudatorios reales registrados durante este período

Examination of management models in the common fisheries policy

This paper analyses the historical development of fisheries management systems within the framework of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP): how resources are managed, how tasks are allocated by the Commission, and how quotas must be implemented. Early developments were based on the control of the fleet, aiming at the best compliance regarding catches by removing the overcapacity derived from the imbalance fleet/resources. The next developments focus on the allocation of national quotas and financial subsidies. Lastly, from the 2002 reform, the developments focus on managing the fishing effort according to the precautionary principle and the implementation of individual fishing rights. The document also deals with the different criteria implemented to strengthen this more and more open and competitive sector, with more liability for producers. Finally, the author places particular emphasis on how to establish the different positions related to decision-making processes all through the period from 1983 to 2009, mainly with regard to micromanagement and regionalisation of fisheries. These recommendations would mean a change of mentality in reference to the principles of the Common Fisheries Policy.peer-reviewe