Hallucinations auditives : accompagnement infirmier en santé mentale

Rapport de stage présenté en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en sciences infirmièresLe projet de ce rapport de stage porte sur l’accompagnement infirmier des personnes présentant un trouble en santé mentale avec présence d’hallucinations auditives (HA) au sein d’un institut universitaire en santé mentale. De l’ensemble des phénomènes hallucinatoires, les HA sont les plus fréquentes (Thomas et al., 2014). Dans ce contexte, la personne a alors une grande difficulté, voire une impossibilité, à composer avec les messages négatifs émis par les voix (St-Onge, 2017). La détresse émotionnelle engendrée par les HA a des conséquences multiples : sur la personne elle-même (Baker, 2011; Beavan et Read, 2010; Romme et Escher, 2012a) ; sur les familles et les proches (Baker, 2011) ; et sur le système de santé (Waters et Dragovic, 2018). L’accompagnement des personnes vivant avec des hallucinations auditives (PVHA) ressort comme un défi majeur pour les professionnels, dont les infirmières en milieu psychiatrique (Bogen-Johnston, de Visser, Strauss et Berry, 2017). Depuis vingt ans, un nouveau paradigme soulève une réflexion sur l’accompagnement des PVHA où le changement de la perception des infirmières est au cœur de la pratique clinique. Le savoir expérientiel de la PVHA a une place centrale dans l’accompagnement des HA (Buccheri, Trygstad, Buffum, Lyttle et Dowling, 2010; Place, Foxcroft et Shaq, 2011). Par conséquent, Buccheri, Trygstad, Buffum, Birminghan et Dowling (2013) et Place, Foxcroft et Shaq (2011) proposent l’utilisation d’un guide d’entretien afin d’aider les infirmières à comprendre l’expérience de la PVHA. À cet effet, le groupe de codéveloppement est une modalité de choix, car il vise à l’amélioration de la qualité des soins et services dans l’accompagnement des PVHA (Payette et Champagne, 1997). Le but du stage était de développer et mettre à l’essai une activité de codéveloppement sur l’accompagnement des personnes présentant des HA pour les infirmières travaillant dans un milieu institutionnel en santé mentale.The project of this internship report focuses on the nursing support of people with mental health issues in the presence of auditory hallucinations (AHs) in a university mental health institute. Among all hallucinatory phenomena, AHs are the most frequent (Thomas et al. 2014). In this context, it becomes very difficult, almost impossible, for the person to deal with the negative messages transmitted by the voices (St-Onge 2017). The emotional distress caused by the AHs has multiple consequences: on the person himself (Baker 2011; Beavan and Read 2010; Romme and Escher 2012a); on the families and loved ones (Baker 2011); and on the healthcare system (Waters and Dragovic 2018). Supporting people living with auditory hallucinations (PLAHs) stands out as a major challenge for professionals, including nurses working in the psychiatric field (Bogen-Johnston, de Visser, Strauss and Berry 2017). For the past twenty years, a new paradigm has been stimulating reflection on the support given to PLAHs where the nurses’ change of perception is at the heart of the clinical practice. The experiential knowledge of the PLAHs plays a key role in the support of AHs (Buccheri Trygstad, Buffum, Lyttle and Dowling 2010; Place, Foxcroft and Shaq 2011). Consequently, Buccheri, Trygstad, Buffum, Birminghan et Dowling (2013) and Place, Foxcroft et Shaq (2011) suggest using a maintenance guide to help nurses understand the experience of a PLAHs. In this regard, the co-development group is a preferred method as it targets the improvement of the quality of the care and services provided as part of the support given to PLAHs (Payette and Champagne 1997). The purpose of the internship was to develop and test a co-development activity on the support given to PLAHs for nurses working in mental health institutes

The success story of the implementation of the national food safety agency in Ivory Coast

The 3C Ivoire EuropeAid project (2011–2015), set up a coordination committee in Ivory Coast to evaluate the effectiveness of sanitary controls, prevent sanitary risks and coordinate nationwide actions on food safety [1]. This paper reports main findings: difficulties to apply regulations in Ivory Coast, to establish a national food safety agency, to implement a national health surveillance system, to set up a potential food safety label, training on food safety systems (HACCP, traceability, good hygiene practices), first experimental committee of national experts. Ivoirians are concerned by food safety hazards. All food samples collected in markets were contaminated by pathogens. Three of the main food consumed in the country: rice, maize, peanut were contaminated with mycotoxins, and aflatoxin levels in peanut paste were well above the EU limits. The decree creating the Ivorian agency was signed in late June 2016. (Résumé d'auteur

Natural Hydrogen in Uruguay: source rock catalog, prospective exploration areas and potential H2 systems

Los avances recientes a nivel mundial en investigación científica y desarrollo industrial relacionados con la exploración de hidrógeno natural han promovido una evaluación preliminar a escala nacional del potencial de hidrógeno natural en Uruguay. Esta iniciativa es particularmente relevante dada la actual falta de conocimiento previo sobre el hidrógeno natural en Uruguay, tanto desde la perspectiva científica como gubernamental. Uruguay representa una región prometedora para la prospección de hidrógeno natural debido a la presencia de rocas fuente potenciales en su basamento precámbrico, incluyendo grandes volúmenes de hierro (BIFs), gabros, serpentinitas e intrusiones graníticas y volcánicas radiactivas. Además, la cobertura sedimentaria fanerozoica en sus cuencas sedimentarias continentales podría ofrecer condiciones favorables para la acumulación y atrapamiento de hidrógeno natural. Estudios recientes también han reportado ocurrencias de hidrógeno natural en regiones geológicamente vinculadas como el sur de Brasil y Namibia. Presentamos una revisión de las rocas fuente potenciales de hidrógeno natural en los afloramientos del basamento de Uruguay, incluyendo su ubicación, datos geoquímicos y principales características geológicas. Adicionalmente, se proponen las áreas de exploración más prometedoras en las Cuencas del Norte y Laguna Merín, con un análisis geológico prospectivo que define las rocas fuente, las rutas de migración, los reservorios y las rocas sello. Se definió un sistema de hidrógeno para cada área.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Fermi Large Area Telescope Constraints on the Gamma-ray Opacity of the Universe

The Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) includes photons with wavelengths from ultraviolet to infrared, which are effective at attenuating gamma rays with energy above ~10 GeV during propagation from sources at cosmological distances. This results in a redshift- and energy-dependent attenuation of the gamma-ray flux of extragalactic sources such as blazars and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The Large Area Telescope onboard Fermi detects a sample of gamma-ray blazars with redshift up to z~3, and GRBs with redshift up to z~4.3. Using photons above 10 GeV collected by Fermi over more than one year of observations for these sources, we investigate the effect of gamma-ray flux attenuation by the EBL. We place upper limits on the gamma-ray opacity of the Universe at various energies and redshifts, and compare this with predictions from well-known EBL models. We find that an EBL intensity in the optical-ultraviolet wavelengths as great as predicted by the "baseline" model of Stecker et al. (2006) can be ruled out with high confidence.Comment: 42 pages, 12 figures, accepted version (24 Aug.2010) for publication in ApJ; Contact authors: A. Bouvier, A. Chen, S. Raino, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, L.C. Reye

Natural hydrogen seeps or salt lakes: how to make a difference? Grass Patch example, Western Australia

Natural hydrogen exploration is picking up around the world while the geogenic hydrogen system is still a Frontier science. Natural hydrogen seepage can occur in the form of a sub-circular surface feature named by some authors “fairy circles.” Numerous hydrogen seep-alike surface features are visible from the sky in Australia but can be difficult to distinguish from the many salt lakes. In this study, we combined literature review, remote sensing, field and lab measurements (soil gas sampling, X-Ray diffraction, salinity) to uncover a potential hydrogen system and its differences with the salt lakes in the Grass Patch area in Western Australia. The local geology shows a good potential to generate hydrogen. Study of the surface geology and Digital Elevation Model showed that salt lakes are static old features influenced by the soil composition and long-term climatic trend whereas potential hydrogen seeps have recently appeared. This study soil-gas sampling method includes a monitoring procedure compatible with time series measurements via a portable gas analyser, getting rid of artificially produced hydrogen. Low hydrogen values (<30 ppm) have been measured. Those measurements are lower than measurements published along potential hydrogen seeps in Australia. Vegetation indexes are also less constructed than explored fairy circles in Namibia. Salinity and mineralogical results did not indicate any trend with the hydrogen but are coherent with what is found in salt lakes. A microbial system could be the source of the hydrogen but would also be linked to the soil behaviour, climatic parameters, and agricultural practices. This study underlines the need to monitor surface features over few weeks to better understand the evolution of the gas mix seeping above a structure and determine if the periodicity and variability of the leakage can be correlated with bacterial activity or a geogenic hydrogen source

Water budget in flat vs. steep subduction: implication for volcanism and potential for H2 production

In this study, we model the processes of (de)hydration and melting within subduction zones using a thermo-mechanical modeling approach. Multiple 2D simulations are conducted to investigate how the subduction angle influences the water budget in oceanic-continental subduction, focusing mainly on the variation of slab dip angle along the strike of the Andes. It appears that in the case of flat subduction, the mantle hydration zone is large, extending up to 500 km from the trench. This extent depends on the length of flat slab segment which, in turn, depends on the velocity of the overriding plate. In the case of a steep subduction, the zone is narrower, and is located between the trench and the volcanic arc. Magma formation competes with hydration of the mantle wedge for the use of water expelled from the subducting plate. In the transition from a steep to a flat slab, the mantle hydration zone widens and the volcanic zone moves away from the trench. The oceanic crust may undergo melting, leading to a change in magma composition and the development of adakitic volcanism, before volcanism diminishes in intensity and then disappears. Our study provides geodynamic insights into observations related to volcanism in the Pampean flat slab in South America. Using the quantification of water involved in mantle wedge hydration as a proxy for H2 production, we propose that flat subductions are the most promising areas for H2 exploration. Additionally, deep H2 production appears to be particularly sensitive to the amount of subducted sediments, regardless of whether subduction is flat or steep. Lower plate serpentinization does not affect deep H2 production

Natural Hydrogen in Uruguay: Catalog of H2-Generating Rocks, Prospective Exploration Areas, and Potential Systems

The increasing demand for carbon-free energy in recent years has positioned hydrogen as a viable option. However, its current production remains largely dependent on carbon-emitting sources. In this context, natural hydrogen, generated through geological processes in the Earth’s subsurface, has emerged as a promising alternative. The present study provides the first national-scale assessment of natural dihydrogen (H2) potential in Uruguay by developing a catalog of potential H2-generating rocks, identifying prospective exploration areas, and proposing H2 systems there. The analysis includes a review of geological and geophysical data from basement rocks and onshore sedimentary basins. Uruguay stands out as a promising region for natural H2 exploration due to the significant presence of potential H2-generating rocks in its basement, such as large iron formations (BIFs), radioactive rocks, and basic and ultrabasic rocks. Additionally, the Norte Basin exhibits potential efficient cap rocks, including basalts and dolerites, with geological analogies to the Mali field. Indirect evidence of H2 in a free gas phase has been observed in the western Norte Basin. This suggests the presence of a potential H2 system in this area, linked to the Arapey Formation basalts (seal) and Mesozoic sandstones (reservoir). Furthermore, the proposed H2 system could expand exploration opportunities in northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil, given the potential presence of similar play/tramp.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Hidrógeno Natural en Uruguay: rocas generadoras, áreas prospectivas de exploración y potenciales sistemas

Póster presentado en la 1ra Jornada Académica de Hidrógeno Verde en Uruguay, sobre el potencial de exploración de hidrogeno natural en Uruguay. En el mismo se indica un catalogo de las potenciales rocas generadoras de H2, las principales áreas de exploración de este recurso, así como los sistemas de H2 para cada área.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació