Reconstruction of primary vertices at the ATLAS experiment in Run 1 proton–proton collisions at the LHC

This paper presents the method and performance of primary vertex reconstruction in proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 1 of the LHC. The studies presented focus on data taken during 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV. The performance has been measured as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing over a wide range, from one to seventy. The measurement of the position and size of the luminous region and its use as a constraint to improve the primary vertex resolution are discussed. A longitudinal vertex position resolution of about 30μm is achieved for events with high multiplicity of reconstructed tracks. The transverse position resolution is better than 20μm and is dominated by the precision on the size of the luminous region. An analytical model is proposed to describe the primary vertex reconstruction efficiency as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing and of the longitudinal size of the luminous region. Agreement between the data and the predictions of this model is better than 3% up to seventy interactions per bunch crossing

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Anwenderhandbuch

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Business Case Projekt PLA4MAP

Der Business Case für die PLA4MAP Mehrschichtverbundfolie bewertet deren Marktfähigkeit und die Schritte zur industriellen Herstellung. Die nahezu vollständig biobasierte Folie ist theoretisch recyclingfähig (81,8 %) und für Lebensmittelverpackungen unter Schutzgas geeignet. Allerdings schneidet sie in der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung derzeit schlechter ab als petrochemische Alternativen. Wirtschaftlich ist sie aufgrund hoher Rohstoffpreise mindestens 250 % teurer als Benchmark-Verpackungen. Dennoch bietet sie langfristig Potenzial zur Reduzierung fossiler Rohstoffe und zur Erhöhung der Recyclingrate. Der Markteintritt hängt von technologischem Fortschritt, politischen Rahmenbedingungen und der PLA-Produktionskapazität ab

Schlussbericht zum Verbundvorhaben PLA4MAP

Das Projekt PLA4MAP hat eine neuartige, biobasierte Mehrschicht-Verbundfolie für Lebensmittelverpackungen entwickelt, die für Modified Im Projekt "PLA4MAP" wird ein biobasiertes und recyclinggerechtes Verpackungskonzept für sensible Lebensmittel, wie Wurst, Käse, vorgebackene Brotprodukte und Kuchen erarbeitet. Die Verpackung besteht aus einer tiefgezogenen Polymilchsäure(PLA)-Verbund-Schale und einer PLA-Siegelfolie, die für den Einsatz als Schutzgasatmosphäre-Verpackung (MAP) entsprechende Barrierewerte hinsichtlich Sauerstoff und Wasserdampf aufweisen müssen. PLA ist ein gut verfügbares Biopolymer und vielversprechend für die Etablierung einer PLA-Kreislaufwirtschaft. Die hohe Durchlässigkeit der PLA-Schale gegenüber Wasserdampf ist nachteilig und soll durch quervernetzende Elektronenstrahlbehandlung (eBeam) sowie durch Beschichtungen mit unpolaren Materialien, wie Wachse und pflanzliche Öle, reduziert werden. Diese werden so in ihrer Formulierung und ihrem chemischen Aufbau verbessert, dass eine Bearbeitung auf kommerziellen Anlagen ermöglicht wird und ausreichende mechanische Widerstandsfähigkeit gegeben ist. Für sauerstoffempfindliche Lebensmittel wird eine bio-basierte Proteinschicht als recyclingfähige Sauerstoffbarriere integriert. Die Deckelfolie besteht ebenfalls aus PLA und wird mit geringen Mengen einer transparenten anorganischen Sperrschicht ausgestattet, welche nicht im Recyclingprozess stört. Anschließend wird mit einer weiteren PLA-Folie kaschiert. Abpackversuche werden mit ausgewählten Füllgütern durchgeführt und die Prozessparameter des Wärmekontaktsiegelns bestimmt. Die neue Verpackung wird auf ihre Recyclingfähigkeit geprüft. Neben einem mechanischen wird zusätzlich ein lösemittelbasiertes Recycling durchgeführt, das Rezyklat lebensmittelrechtlich bewertet und mögliche Folgeanwendungen untersucht. Für die Förderung der Marktdurchdringung werden die Projektergebnisse in einem öffentlich zugänglichen Anwenderhandbuch publiziert

The Virtual Sociality of Rights: The Case of Women\u27s Rights are Human Rights

This essay traces the relationship between activists and academics involved in the campaign for women\u27s rights as human rights as a case study of the relationship between different classes of what I call knowledge professionals self-consciously acting in a transnational domain. The puzzle that animates this essay is the following: how was it that at the very moment at which a critique of rights and a reimagination of rights as rights talk proved to be such fertile ground for academic scholarship did the same rights prove to be an equally fertile ground for activist networking and lobbying activities? The paper answers this question with respect to the work of self-reflexivity in creating a virtual sociality of rights

Multiple Roles for the Non-Coding RNA SRA in Regulation of Adipogenesis and Insulin Sensitivity

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a master transcriptional regulator of adipogenesis. Hence, the identification of PPARγ coactivators should help reveal mechanisms controlling gene expression in adipose tissue development and physiology. We show that the non-coding RNA, Steroid receptor RNA Activator (SRA), associates with PPARγ and coactivates PPARγ-dependent reporter gene expression. Overexpression of SRA in ST2 mesenchymal precursor cells promotes their differentiation into adipocytes. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous SRA inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Microarray analysis reveals hundreds of SRA-responsive genes in adipocytes, including genes involved in the cell cycle, and insulin and TNFα signaling pathways. Some functions of SRA may involve mechanisms other than coactivation of PPARγ. SRA in adipocytes increases both glucose uptake and phosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1 in response to insulin. SRA promotes S-phase entry during mitotic clonal expansion, decreases expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1, and increases phosphorylation of Cdk1/Cdc2. SRA also inhibits the expression of adipocyte-related inflammatory genes and TNFα-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. In conclusion, SRA enhances adipogenesis and adipocyte function through multiple pathways

Measurements of the Electroweak Diboson Production Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=5.02 TeV Using Leptonic Decays

The first measurements of diboson production cross sections in proton-proton interactions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are reported. They are based on data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 302 pb(-1). Events with two, three, or four charged light leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state are analyzed. The WW, WZ, and ZZ total cross sections are measured as sigma(WW) = 37:0(-5.2)(+5.5) (stat)(-2.6)(+2.7) (syst) pb, sigma(WZ) = 6.4(-2.1)(+2.5) (stat)(-0.3)(+0.5)(syst) pb, and sigma(ZZ) = 5.3(-2.1)(+2.5)(stat)(-0.4)(+0.5) (syst) pb. All measurements are in good agreement with theoretical calculations at combined next-to-next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics and next-to-leading order electroweak accuracy

Search for lepton-flavor violating decays of the Higgs boson in the mu tau and e tau final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for lepton-flavor violating decays of the Higgs boson to mu t and et. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant excess has been found, and the results are interpreted in terms of upper limits on lepton-flavor violating branching fractions of the Higgs boson. The observed (expected) upper limits on the branching fractions are, respectively, B(H -> mu t) e tau) < 0.22(0.16)% at 95% confidence level.Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat