Profile of tildrakizumab-asmn in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: evidence to date.

Plaque psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease that affects roughly 3% of adults in the United States. Advances over the past 20 years in understanding the immune-mediated pathophysiology of psoriasis have led to the development of targeted biologic therapies for this condition. Currently, biologic medications approved for the treatment of plaque psoriasis include tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors, interleukin (IL)-17 or IL-17 receptor inhibitors, IL-12/23 inhibitors, and IL-23 inhibitors. Tildrakizumab-asmn is a monoclonal antibody that targets the p19 subunit of IL-23 and is approved for use in adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. This article reviews the current pharmacologic, efficacy, and safety data on tildrakizumab-asmn

Impact of some crop management practices on tomato infestation/infection by the whitefly-begomovirus complex in Cuba

Introduction. In the framework of the INCO-BETOCARIB Project titled "Begomovirus disease management for sustainable production of tomato in the Caribbean" which operated from 2003- 2006, we conducted a survey aiming at assessing the impact of cultural practices on the infestation/infection of tomato plots by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)/begomovirus (TYLCV). Materials & Methods. The survey was conducted in the West and Central regions of Cuba in respectively 100 and 96 tomato plots in open fields (71% of the plots) and under shelter (29%). Results and Conclusion. Analysis of data showed that both TYLC resistant (e.g. Vyta and ARO 8479F1) and susceptible (e.g. Amalia and HC 3880) cultivars were cultivated in open fields whereas only resistant cultivars were cultivated in sheltered plots. In open fields, TYLC disease incidence and severity were found to be significantly higher on susceptible, compared to resistant cultivars. Whitefly infestation and TYLCV incidence were higher in the West region as compared to the Central region, while the reverse was observed for severity of the disease. Whitefly infestation in open fields was high when no chemical protection measure was applied in the nursery and low under high chemical protection. The reverse tended to be observed when considering chemical application in the field, which might be an indirect indication that chemical protection negatively affects natural regulation processes. Implications of the results of this survey for agroecological management of the vector/disease complex in Cuba are discussed. (Résumé d'auteur

L'apport de l'informatique dans l'analyse conjointe des données numériques et textuelles

Sommaire du numéro :http://archive-edutice.ccsd.cnrs.fr/edutice-00000866Les dernières évolutions technologiques et de récents travaux en linguistique informatique, en particulier en ce qui concerne les capacités de traitement ainsi que l'élaboration de nouvelles méthodologies de recherche linguistique, ont contribué à banaliser l'utilisation des nouveaux logiciels. En psychologie, par exemple, le traitement des enquêtes et des entretiens - outils courants du psychologue - bénéficie aujourd'hui des toutes dernières techniques pour la gestion et l'exploitation des données numériques et textuelles. Nous présenterons brièvement ici, ces possibilités de traitement et de couplage statistique des enquêtes et des entretiens qui constituent désormais pour les étudiants et les chercheurs psychologues, grâce au progrès informatique, une nouvelle voie de formation et de recherche dont il faudra tenir compte dans nos filières universitaires. D'autant que, depuis 1986, les étudiants en sciences humaines sont, grâce au plan d'initiation à l'informatique (IPT), formés précocement à l'utilisation de l'ordinateur, ce qui rend possible la pratique, à partir de logiciels spécialisés, des différentes méthodes statistiques enseignées et utilisées en psychologie. Nous illustrerons notre propos à partir de nos derniers travaux, où nous avons étudié et appliqué les possibilités de traitement et de couplage des données numériques et textuelles

Lycopene isomerisation takes place within enterocytes during absorption in human subjects

Lycopene in fruits and vegetables occurs mostly (80-97%) in the all-E configuration, whereas a considerable proportion of lycopene in the human body is present as Z-isomers. The Z-isomers offer potentially better health benefits and show improved antioxidant activity in vitro when compared with the all-E-isomer. The absorption of dietary lycopene is a complex process involving transfer of the carotenoid from the food matrix into micelles, uptake by enterocytes, packaging into chylomicrons and finally secretion into plasma. Isomerisation could take place at any of these individual steps. By exploiting in vitro and in vivo models, we traced lycopene isomerisation during absorption using various methods to mimic gastric and duodenal conditions, incorporation into mixed micelles, absorption and metabolism by various Caco-2 cell clones, and performed a postprandial study in human subjects to identify the profile of lycopene isomers in plasma chylomicrons. We demonstrate that all-E-lycopene remains unchanged during its passage in the gastrointestinal tract, including its incorporation into mixed micelles. The key site of lycopene isomerisation is inside the intestinal cells resulting in 29% of lycopene as Z-isomers. Lycopene isomerisation in the various Caco-2 cell clones is consistent with that observed in human chylomicrons formed in a postprandial state. There is no selection in the release of lycopene isomers from enterocytes. Although there is a huge inter-individual variability of total lycopene absorption reported both in in vitro intestinal cell lines as well as in human chylomicrons, the lycopene isomer profile is quite simila

Chicory increases acetate turnover, but not propionate and butyrate peripheral turnovers in rats

Chicory roots are rich in inulin that is degraded into SCFA in the caecum and colon. Whole-body SCFA metabolism was investigated in rats during food deprivation and postprandial states. After 22h of food deprivation, sixteen rats received an IV injection of radioactive 14C-labelled SCFA. The volume of distribution and the fractional clearance rate of SCFA were 0·25-0·27 litres/kg and 5·4-5·9%/min, respectively. The half-life in the first extracellular rapidly decaying compartment was between 0·9 and 1·4min. After 22h of food deprivation, another seventeen rats received a primed continuous IV infusion of 13C-labelled SCFA for 2h. Isotope enrichment (13C) of SCFA was determined in peripheral arterial blood by MS. Peripheral acetate, propionate and butyrate turnover rates were 29, 4 and 0·3μmol/kg per min respectively. Following 4 weeks of treatment with chicory root or control diets, eighteen fed rats received a primed continuous IV infusion of 13C-labelled SCFA for 2h. Intestinal degradation of dietary chicory lowered caecal pH, enhanced caecal and colonic weights, caecal SCFA concentrations and breath H2.The diet with chicory supplementation enhanced peripheral acetate turnover by 25% (P=0·017) concomitant with an increase in plasma acetate concentration. There were no changes in propionate or butyrate turnovers. In conclusion, by setting up a multi-tracer approach to simultaneously assess the turnovers of acetate, propionate and butyrate it was demonstrated that a chronic chicory-rich diet significantly increases peripheral acetate turnover but not that of propionate or butyrate in rat

Green Production of Anionic Surfactant Obtained from Pea Protein

A pea protein isolate was hydrolyzed by a double enzyme treatment method in order to obtain short peptide sequences used as raw materials to produce lipopeptides-based surfactants. Pea protein hydrolysates were prepared using the combination of Alcalase and Flavourzyme. The influence of the process variables was studied to optimize the proteolytic degradation to high degrees of hydrolysis. The average peptide chain lengths were obtained at 3–5 amino acid units after a hydrolysis of 30 min with the mixture of enzymes. Then, N-acylation in water, in presence of acid chloride (C12 and C16), carried out with a conversion rate of amine functions of 90%, allowed to obtain anionic surfactant mixtures (lipopeptides and sodium fatty acids). These two steps were performed in water, in continuous and did not generate any waste. This process was therefore in line with green chemistry principles. The surface activities (CMC, foaming and emulsifying properties) of these mixtures were also studied. These formulations obtained from natural renewable resources and the reactions done under environmental respect, could replace petrochemical based surfactants for some applications