An Approach to Office Automation

In recent years, the increasing scale of production and degree of specialization within firms has led to a significant growth in the amount of information needed for their successful management. As a result, the use of computer systems (office automation) has become increasingly common. However, no manuals or set automation procedures exist to help organizations design and implement an efficient and effective office automation system. The goals of this paper are to outline some important factors which should be considered when developing a common approach to office automation; to detail some of the problems and pitfalls which may be encountered; and to present one possible framework for the optimal method of designing and implementing an office automation system. It is important to note that throughout this paper, the term "office" does not only refer to a single location, but to an organization as a whole, be it a single office or several offices organized into a firm, company, or corporation. Four major areas are discussed in the decision to automate. These are the matching of computer functions and office functions, the impacts of office automation on office productivity, the effects of office automation on office structure, and economic considerations. A decision on office automation should be made only after an organization has explored each of these questions, as well as other impacts of automation which are unique to that organization. The approach to office automation presented in this paper is based on past experiences of office automation projects, as well as consideration of the human aspects involved in implementing such systems

Семантическая і понятийная категории у лингвистических студиях

У статті розглядаються семантичні та поняттєві категорії у мові та їх мовленнєві реалізації. Поняттєві і семантичні категорії протиставляються один одному, тобто здійснюється протиставлення категорій лінгвістичних, що мають мовні одиниці, категоріям логічним, які не зорієнтовані на мовні одиниці, їх зміст, а й відображають загальні закономірності пізнання світу, не маючи відношення до їх вираження.This article deals with semantic and conception categories in language and their realization in speech. Concept and semantic categories are contradicted as linguistic and logic categories. The latter are not aimed at the language units, at the content, but reflect common regularities of the world cognition, without reference to their expression.В статье рассматриваются семантические и понятийные категории в языке и их реализации в речи. Понятийные и семантические категории противопоставляются друг другу как категории лингвистические и логические. Последние не направлены на языковые единицы, на содержание, а отображают общие закономерности познания мира, не имея отношения к их выражению

Investigation of the marine compound spongistatin 1 links the inhibition of PKCα translocation to nonmitotic effects of tubulin antagonism in angiogenesis

The aims of the study were to meet the demand of new tubulin antagonists with fewer side effects by characterizing the antiangiogenic properties of the experimental compound spongistatin 1, and to elucidate nonmitotic mechanisms by which tubulin antagonists inhibit angiogenesis. Although tubulin-inhibiting drugs and their antiangiogenic properties have been investigated for a long time, surprisingly little is known about their underlying mechanisms of action. Antiangiogenic effects of spongistatin 1 were investigated in endothelial cells in vitro, including functional cell-based assays, live-cell imaging, and a kinome array, and in the mouse cornea pocket assay in vivo. Spongistatin 1 inhibited angiogenesis at nanomolar concentrations (IC50: cytotoxicity>50 nM, proliferation 100 pM, migration 1.0 nM, tube formation 1.0 nM, chemotaxis 1.0 nM, aortic ring sprouting 500 pM, neovascularization in vivo 10 μg/kg). Further, a kinome array and validating data showed that spongistatin 1 inhibits the phosphorylation activity of protein kinase Cα (PKCα), an essential kinase in angiogenesis, and its translocation to the membrane. Thus, we conclude that PKCα might be an important target for the antiangiogenic effects of tubulin antagonism. In addition, the data from the kinase array suggest that different tubulin antagonists might have individual intracellular actions.—Rothmeier, A. S., Ischenko, I., Joore, J., Garczarczyk, D., Fu¨rst, R., Bruns, C. J., Vollmar, A. M., Zahler, S. Investigation of the marine compound spongistatin 1 links the inhibition of PKCα translocation to nonmitotic effects of tubulin antagonism in angiogenesis

Enterprise financial state management and ways of its improvement

У статті розглянуто та узагальнено підходи до визначення сутності поняття “управління фінансовим станом підприємства”. Виділено систему принципів управління фінансовим станом підприємства, його завдання та етапи. Проаналізовано фінансовий стан підприємства на основі показників фінансової стійкості, ліквідності, ділової активності та рентабельності. В процесі аналізу встановлено, що підприємство має незадовільний стан платоспроможності та низький рівень фінансової стійкості. Запропоновано напрямки удосконалення процесу управління фінансовим станом підприємства. Approaches of determination of the essence of the term “enterprise financial state management” are considered and generalized in the article. System of principles of enterprise financial state management, its objectives and stages, are denoted. Taking into account the indexes of financial stability, liquidity, business activity and profitability, the enterprise financial state is analyzed. In the process of analysis it was defined that the enterprise has poor state of solvency and low level of financial stability. Ways of improvement of enterprise financial state management process are introduced

Influence of nitrogen compounds on growth and the nitric oxide (NO) content in roots of etiolated pea seedlings

The data on the influence of different concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), potassium nitrate (KNO3), sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and L-arginine on 3 days-old etiolated pea seedlings growth and nitric oxide (NO) content in roots of these seedlings are obtained. It is found that 24 h exposition of seedlings to SNP showed negative influence on growth at a 4 mM dose; SNP at 0.05 mM doze stimulates their growth and 0.1 mM doze did not influence on seedlings growth. Using KNO3 negative influence on growth at the same exposition was showed only at superhigh concentration – 20 mM. Using NaNO2 negative influence on growth was shown at a doze of 2 mM but concentration of 0.1 and 0.5 mM did not influence on it. The exposition of seedlings to L-arginine caused growth inhibition already at concentration of 0.5 mM and reached maximum at 4 mM doze. Determination of NO level in roots using fluorescent probe DAF-2DA in variants with the greatest growth inhibition has showed, that the maximal inhibition of growth in roots and highest level of NO in roots in variants with SNP (4 mM) and NaNO2 (2 mM) was observed. In variants with KNO3 (20 mM) and L-arginine (4 mM) maximal growth inhibition did not coincide with NO accumulation and was observed after 30 min after the beginning of plants exposition and further it was reduced in 24 h. Results are discussed in connection with possible influence NO and participation of the investigated connections in generation nitric oxide in roots of pea seedlings

Preparation and Properties of Nanofilms Based on Polymethine Dyes by Langmuir-Blodgett Technology

A study of physico-chemical properties of monomolecular layers of amphiphilic cationic polymethine dye - thiacarbocyanine on the surface of the water subphase and the conditions of obtaining of Langmuir- Blodgett (LB) films are presented. The value of area, occupied by one molecule of the dye in different states of monolayer was defined. The spectral-luminescent properties of cationic polymethine dye was studied. An excimer fluorescence in LB films was revealed. It was shown, that in LB films, unlike solutions excimer not forms from monomers, but it forms from dimers of dyes. A possible mechanism of their formation was considered. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3515

Microprocessor's system of orientation solar panel towards to the sun

В роботі розглянуто будову мікропроцесорної слідкувальної двокоординатної системи панелі сонячних батарей в напрямку сонця підвищеної точності управління.There was reviewed design of the microprocessor trailing two-coordinating system of solar panel towards to the sun with the high accuracy control in this article

EFEMP1 binds the EGF receptor and activates MAPK and Akt pathways in pancreatic carcinoma cells

The EGF-related protein EFEMP1 (EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1) has been shown to promote tumor growth in human adenocarcinoma. To understand the mechanism of this action, the signal transduction activated upon treatment with this protein has been investigated. We show that EFEMP1 binds EGF receptor (EGFR) in a competitive manner relative to epidermal growth factor (EGF), implicating that EFEMP1 and EGF share the same or adjacent binding sites on the EGFR. Treatment of pancreatic carcinoma cells with purified EFEMP1 activates autophosphorylation of EGFR at the positions Tyr-992 and Tyr-1068, but not at the position Tyr-1048. This signal is further transduced to phosphorylation of Akt at position Thr-308 and p44/p42 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) at positions Thr-202 and Tyr-204. These downstream phosphorylation events can be inhibited by treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor PD 153035. The observed signal transduction upon treatment with EFEMP1 can contribute to the enhancement of tumor growth shown in pancreatic carcinoma cells overexpressing EFEMP1