Disability activism and the politics of scale

In this paper, we examine the role of spatial scale in mediating and shaping political struggles between disabled people and the state. Specifically, we draw on recent theoretical developments concerning the social construction of spatial scale to interpret two case studies of disability activism within Canada and Ireland. In particular, we provide an analysis of how successful the disability movement in each locale has been at 'jumping scale' and enacting change, as well as examining what the consequences of such scaling-up have been for the movement itself. We demonstrate that the political structures operating in each country markedly affect the scaled nature of disability issues and the effectiveness of political mobilization at different scales

Recent developments in heterocycle labeling with carbon isotopes

International audienceHeterocycles play an essential role in modern pharmaceutical and agrochemical developments, representing a very common structural unit in marketed drugs. Over the 46 new drugs approved in 2017 by the FDA, 25 contain in their structure an heterocyclic core. The development of novel and straightforward labeling strategies for the effective insertion of carbon isotopes into heterocylic scaffolds is an inspiring and vibrant field of research. The use of carbon-11, carbon-13 and carbon-14 isotopes is well established in life science and particularly in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Their introduction into small organic molecules represents a crucial step for the radiochemists. Since the labeling should occur in metabolically stable positions and in the shortest synthetic route, their incorporation into the heterocycles represent a viable solution. This review summarizes recent contributions to this area of research through the analysis of different industrial and academic cases

Genetic architecture of photosynthesis in Sorghum bicolor under non-stress and cold stress conditions

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a C4 species sensitive to the cold spring conditions that occur at northern latitudes, especially when coupled with excessive light, and that greatly affect the photosynthetic rate. The objective of this study was to discover genes/genomic regions that control the capacity to cope with excessive energy under low temperature conditions during the vegetative growth period. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted for seven photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence traits under three consecutive temperature treatments: control (28 °C/24 °C), cold (15 °C/15 °C), and recovery (28 °C/24 °C). Cold stress significantly reduced the rate of photosynthetic CO2 uptake of sorghum plants, and a total of 143 unique genomic regions were discovered associated with at least one trait in a particular treatment or with derived variables. Ten regions on chromosomes 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 that harbor multiple significant markers in linkage disequilibrium (LD) were consistently identified in gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence traits. Several candidate genes within those intervals have predicted functions related to carotenoids, phytohormones, thioredoxin, components of PSI, and antioxidants. These regions represent the most promising results for future validation and with potential application for the improvement of crop productivity under cold stress.EEA ManfrediFil: Ortiz, Diego. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; Argentina. Iowa State University. Department of Agronomy; Estados UnidosFil: Hu, Jieyun. Iowa State University. Department of Agronomy; Estados UnidosFil: Salas-Fernandez, María G. Iowa State University. Department of Agronomy; Estados Unido