Doxorubicin Induced Nephrotoxicity: Protective Effect of Nicotinamide

Introduction. Nephrotoxicity is one of the important side effects of anthracycline antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotinamide (NAD), an antioxidant agent, against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR). Methods. The rats were divided into control, NAD alone, doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and DXR plus NAD (200 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. At the end of the 10th day, kidney tissues were removed for light microscopy and analysis. The level of tissues' catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activities were determined. Results. The activities of CAT, GPx, and GSH were decreased, and Po was increased in renal tissue of doxorubicin group compared with other groups. The tissue of the doxorubicin group showed some histopathological changes such as glomerular vacuolization and degeneration, adhesion to Bowman's capsule and thickening and untidiness of tubular and glomerular capillary basement membranes. Histopathological examination showed that NAD prevented partly DXR-induced tubular and glomerular damage. Conclusions. Pretreatment with NAD protected renal tissues against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity. Preventive effects of NAD on these renal lesions may be via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action

Experimentally induced puromycine aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) in rats: evaluation of angiogenic protein platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) expression in glomeruli

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In experimentally induced puromycine aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) animal models, nephrotic syndrome with minimal change disease and focal and segmental sclerosis-like nephritis similar to that in human is demonstrated; however, the real mechanism of PAN is not yet elucidated. Platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), an endothelial mitogen protein, is believed to take part in microvessel formation and in stimulation of angiogenesis and its expression has not been totally demonstrated in PAN rats yet. In this study, we aimed to examine PD-ECGF expression in acute and chronic PAN induced in rats and find out the association between its expression and the stages of angiogenesis in kidney.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>For the experiment, twenty-four Male Wistar Albino rats were used and divided into four groups; control group (n = 6), pre-proteinuria group (n = 6), acute group (n = 6) and chronic group (n = 6). We compared statistically all data by One-way ANOVA Test followed by Dunn Multiple Comparison Test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Proteinurea levels in control and pre-proteinuria groups were not statistically different; however, it was remarkably higher in the acute nephrosis group and significantly greater in the chronic nephrosis group than control group (<it>p </it>< 0.0025). In pre-proteinuria group, the serum albumin and creatinine clearances also did not significantly differ from the control group. On the other hand, in the acute and chronic nephrosis groups, serum albumin and creatinine clearances progressively decreased (<it>p </it>< 0.05). In our immunohistochemical studies, we showed elevated PD-ECGF expression in glomeruli of acute and chronic PAN rats. Microscopic and ultrastructural appearances of the glomeruli of acute and chronic PAN showed various sequential steps of angiogenesis, macrophages and immature capillaries with primitive lumens and apoptotic endothelial cells in the increased mesangial matrix.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It is reported that acute and chronic PAN progressively increase PD-ECGF expression and following induction of angiogenesis in the affected glomeruli.</p

The evaluation of deaths due to methyl alcohol intoxication

Background: Methanol poisoning is a serious medical, social and economic problem that may cause severe illness or death. After methanol ingestion, central nervous system depression, headache, dizziness, nausea, lack of coordination, and confusion begins. Once the initial symptoms have passed, a second set of symptoms arises, 10 to 30 hours after the initial exposure to methanol, including blurring or complete loss of vision and acidosis. Methanol poisoning by ingestion is a world-wide problem, and in some regions it is connected with high morbidity and mortality. The lethal dose of methanol in humans shows pronounced individual differences ranging from 15 to 500 ml. Methods: The records of the First Specialization Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine between 2002 and 2010 were reviewed retrospectively for all methyl alcohol poisoning cases. Results: There were 383 cases recorded. 360 (94%) of total fatalities were men and 23 (6%) were women. The age range was between 17 and 89. Although patients were conscious, cooperative, oriented at first, deteriorated general health state, metabolic acidosis and neurologic sequelae with severe electrocardiographic (ECG) changes were seen in progress of time. The laboratory findings and MRI imaging method were applied to assess progress and medical treatment. Unfortunately severe acidosis, central nervous system (CNS) sequelae and a lethal outcome occurred. The methyl alcohol blood concentrations ranged from 0 to 826 mg per 100 ml. The most common macroscopic and microscopic finding was lung edema, cerebral and cerebellar hemorrhage, ischemic changes in the brain and optic neuritis. Putaminal necrosis and hemorrhage, brainstem petechial hemorrhage, myocardial acute ischemic changes, thalamic and hypothalamic hemorrhage were detected rarely. Conclusions: This is the first study to report postmortem findings, clinical reports, crime scene reports and eye witness accounts to investigate methyl alcohol poisoning cases from medico-legal point of view in Turkey. Methanol poisoning by ingestion is a world-wide problem with high morbidity and mortality. For preventing methanol deaths, both awareness and public education must be increased. © 2017, Scientific Publishers of India. All rights reserved

Effect of solidification rate on microstructure and primary carbides of AISI DC 53 cold work tool steel

The solidification behavior of AISI DC 53 cold work tool steel was investigated by means of a cooling curve and its first derivative. Copper and sand wedge-shaped molds were used to obtain various solidification rates. To reveal the cooling rate degree during solidification, the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the steel alloy was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The solidification rates of each section for both wedge steel samples were calculated by means of the secondary dendrite arm spacing using a research-based empirical relation from the literature. Experiment results revealed that at the tip region of the cast specimen in the copper wedge-shaped mold, the carbide size was 7-8 mu m, where the solidification rate was approximately 4,830 degrees C.s(-1). The greatest carbide size obtained in the upper region of the sand cast wedge-shaped specimen was 250-270 mu m

Artificial Intelligence for Non-Destructive Imaging in Composite Materials

(1) Background: The purpose of this review is to explore how advanced sensor technologies and AI-driven methods, like machine learning and image processing, are shaping non-destructive imaging (NDI) systems. NDI plays a vital role in ensuring the strength and reliability of composite materials. Recent advancements in sensor technologies and AI-driven methods, such as machine learning and image processing, have opened up new ways to improve NDI systems, offering exciting opportunities for better performance. (2) Methods: This review takes a close look at how advanced sensor technologies and machine learning techniques are being integrated into NDI systems. The review evaluates how effective these technologies are at detecting defects and examines their strengths, limitations, and challenges. (3) Results: Combining sensor technologies with AI methods has shown a clear boost in defect detection accuracy and efficiency. However, challenges like high computational requirements and integration costs remain. Despite these hurdles, the potential for these technologies to revolutionize NDI systems is significant. (4) Conclusions: By synthesizing the latest research, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of how sensor technologies are enhancing NDI. The findings highlight their importance for improving defect detection and their broader impact on research and industry, while also pointing out areas where further development is needed for future growth

An Enhancing Effect of Exogenous Mannitol on the Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Roots of Wheat Under Salt Stress

WOS: 000263497500002The role of mannitol as an osmoprotectant, a radical scavenger, a stabilizer of protein and membrane structure, and protector of photosynthesis under abiotic stress has already been well described. In this article we show that mannitol applied exogenously to salt-stressed wheat, which normally cannot synthesize mannitol, improved their salt tolerance by enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes. Wheat seedlings (3 days old) grown in 100 mM mannitol (corresponding to -0.224 MPa) for 24 h were subjected to 100 mM NaCl treatment for 5 days. The effect of exogenously applied mannitol on the salt tolerance of plants in view of growth, lipid peroxidation levels, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the roots of salt-sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. K & z & ltan-91) plants with or without mannitol was studied. Although root growth decreased under salt stress, this effect could be alleviated by mannitol pretreatment. Peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities increased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities decreased in K & z & ltan-91 under salt stress. However, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POX, CAT, APX, and GR increased with mannitol pretreatment under salt stress. Although root tissue extracts of salt-stressed wheat plants exhibited only nine different SOD isozyme bands of which two were identified as Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD, mannitol treatment caused the appearance of 11 different SOD activity bands. On the other hand, five different POX isozyme bands were determined in all treatments. Enhanced peroxidation of lipid membranes under salt stress conditions was reduced by pretreatment with mannitol. We suggest that exogenous application of mannitol could alleviate salt-induced oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities in the roots of salt-sensitive K & z & ltan-91.Ege University Research FoundationEge UniversityThis research was supported by grant-in-aid 2003 Fen 029 from the Ege University Research Foundation. We also thank Dr. Stephen T. Astley (Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University) for extensive proofreading of the manuscript

Artificial Intelligence Driving Innovation in Textile Defect Detection

The cornerstone of textile manufacturing lies in quality control, with the early detection of defects being crucial to ensuring product quality and sustaining a competitive edge. Traditional inspection methods, which predominantly depend on manual processes, are limited by human error and scalability challenges. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)&mdash;encompassing computer vision, image processing, and machine learning&mdash;have transformed defect detection, delivering improved accuracy, speed, and reliability. This article critically examines the evolution of defect detection methods in the textile industry, transitioning from traditional manual inspections to AI-driven automated systems. It delves into the types of defects occurring at various production stages, assesses the strengths and weaknesses of conventional and automated approaches, and underscores the pivotal role of deep learning models, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), in achieving high precision in defect identification. Additionally, the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as high-resolution cameras and real-time monitoring systems, into quality control processes is explored, highlighting their contributions to sustainability and cost-effectiveness. By addressing the challenges and opportunities these advancements present, this study serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and industry professionals seeking to harness AI in optimizing textile production and quality assurance amidst the ongoing digital transformation

Mole guns in Turkey in 2003-2005

This study describes the frequency of mole guns in Turkey by examining the cases sent to the Council of Forensic Medicine of Turkey between 2003 and 2005. In total, 11 mole guns were examined. Mole guns are manufactured to be used as a trap against detrimental animals. Although they are not meant to be used as a firearm, they are able to cause death. Mole guns appearing in regular casework were evaluated in terms of type of the gun, number of barrels, size and caliber, rifling, design, mechanism, fitness for use, legality, and geographical distribution. Ninty-one percent of the guns were 12 gauge. Most commonly they originate from Inner Anatolia. Mole guns are typically handmade. Some examples of injuries and deaths caused by mole guns are also offered