The possibility of improving procedures for quantitative threat assessment of unauthorized access to information of critical information infrastructure facilities

The content of the main threat assessment stages of unauthorized access (UA) at critical information infrastructure (CII) facilities is determined on the basis of analysis of the primary provisions of the Methodology for Assessing Information Security Threats, approved on February 5, 2021 by the FSTEC of Russia. The ways to develop a methodology for assessing such information security threats are focused. A functionally-oriented approach is proposed to take into account the dynamics of the UA threat implementation regarding information of CII facilities. The procedure for constructing a functional model of the threat is considered in accordance with its existing structuring within the framework of the basic model of information security threats presented in the documents of the FSTEC of Russia. The decompositional hierarchical structure of the target threat function is substantiated as the first stage in constructing the model. The content of structure levels is given: the level of target threat function, the level of its implementation strategies, the level of tactics used, the level of the intruder’s action stages, and the level of procedures done to access the operating environment of the computer system (CS) and destructive impact on information. The execution sequence of individual functional components of this structure is determined as well as the order of their implementation is illustrated in the form of a change of states of the Markov process as the second stage of constructing the model. Based on this vision, the possibility of moving from a description of the UA threat to information of CII facilities in terms of functional modeling to a mathematical representation of the temporal characteristics of functional components of its target function is demonstrated. The corresponding analytical expressions are given for various options for representing the order of executed functional components

On the possibility of improving the procedures for quantifying information protection of critical information infrastructure objects from threats of unauthorized access

The article develops a functional model of unauthorized access (UA) protection mechanisms at information infrastructure objects (IIOs). It defines the content of protection measures, techniques used, and stages of their implementation. It substantiates the order of execution of individual functional components of the structural representation of the objective function "Protection of information of IIOs from UA". The sequence of implementation of these components is illustrated as a change in the states of the Markov process for constructing such a model. A table is provided of the correspondence between the list of procedures performed by an intruder in the process of implementing an UA threat to information of an IIOs and the procedures for protecting information, and it demonstrates the possibility of transition from the description of information protection measures from UA at IIOs in terms of functional modeling to the mathematical representation of the time characteristics of the functional components of the objective function of protection. The corresponding analytical expressions are provided for various options for representing the order of the functional components performed

Einfluss von Oregano-Öl auf die mikrobiologische Qualität einer TMR

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ACHIEVEMENT OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION CONTROL VIA APPLICATION OF PERINDOPRIL ARGININE AND AMLODIPINE COMBINATION

Aim. Evaluation of the opportunity to improve efficacy of arterial hypertension (AH) control using fixed combination of perindopril arginine and amlodipine.Material and methods. Totally, 52 patients (27 men and 25 women, age 40-63 y.o.) studied, with AH 2-3 stage. All patients underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) with analysis of the data obtained: mean 24-hour pressure, velocity of morning hypertension onset for systolic BP (sBP) and diastolic BP (dBP), and variability of (Var) of PsBP (Var PsBPs, Var PsBPd). The inclusion criteria was non-sufficient control of blood pressure on the intake of voluntary combinations of ACE inhibitor and angiotensine II receptor blocker and diuretic or calcium channel blocker. For BP control, to all patients we prescribed fixed combination perindopril arginine/amlodipine with start dosage 10/5 mg (Prestance, “Les Laboratoires Servier”, France) with further possibility to increase dosage to 10 mg of perindopril arginine and amlodipine.Results. At the background of therapy provided, 84,6% of patients reached “target” BP. Mean 24-hour sBP decreased from 139,29±1,7 to 121,17±1,26 mmHg. (р<0,05), dBP decreased from 84,49±2,06 to 73,14±1,4 (р<0,05), mean BP decreased from 102,09±1,49 to 87,96±1,12 (р<0,05). 24-hour variability of sBP significantly reduced from 15,28±0,72 to 10,21±0,42 (р<0,05), dBP from 13,46±0,72 to 10,72±0,31 (р<0,001). Parameters of morning onset (MO) after the treatment also decreased. Before treatment MO sBP was (26±4,23 mmHg/hour), with the therapy — (16,3±4,03 mmHg/hour, р<0,01); also, MO dBP decreased from 24,7±2,35 mmHg/hour to 12±1,61 mmHg hour, р<0,01).Conclusion. Replacement of therapy for non-controlled AH with voluntary combinations of antihypertensive medications by fixed combination of perindopril arginine/amlodipine (Prestance) facilitated the effectiveness of AH control. Usage of the fixed combination of perindopril arginine/amlodipine in 84,6% helped to reach target values of BP. The effectiveness of BP control achieved, followed with ABPM data of 24-hour BP values decrease during the day and night, variability and velocity of morning BP onset. Usage of the drug studied showed good tolerability and high adherence of patients to treatment

Depression as a potential factor for the ineffectiveness of hypertension control in post-COVID-19 patients

Objective: improving the effectiveness of hypertension control in patients after COVID-19 with manifestations of depression. Materials and methods: the study included 48 patients with hypertension who had suffered a coronavirus infection. The criterion for inclusion in the study was effective control of blood pressure when using two-component antihypertensive therapy before the development of coronavirus disease and its absence when using the same therapy at the time of inclusion in the study. To identify the symptoms of depression, a study was conducted using the Beck Depression questionnaire. Group A consisted of patients with arterial hypertension with manifestations of depression and group B-patients with arterial hypertension without symptoms of depression. In both groups, a combination of a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocker, a diuretic and a calcium channel blocker were used. The observation was carried out for 4 weeks, the dynamics of blood pressure and its daily parameters, manifestations of depression were evaluated. Results: the presence of symptoms of depression was detected in 39.5% of patients. At the time of inclusion in the study, office blood pressure exceeded the target level in all patients, there was an insufficient decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the day and at night, an increase in most indicators of blood pressure variability. The use of three-component therapy made it possible to achieve the target blood pressure level in 93.1% of patients without symptoms of depression. In the group of patients with depression, only 21.0% of patients reached the target blood pressure level. The analysis of daily blood pressure indicators showed a decrease in the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy in the group of patients with depression. All daily blood pressure indicators were statistically significantly higher than in group B. Conclusion: in patients who have suffered a coronavirus infection, it is necessary to identify depression as a possible factor of ineffective control of arterial hypertension and a decrease in adherence to the recommended therapy.</jats:p

EFFECTIVENESS OF PERINDOPRIL AND AMLODIPINE COMBINATION IN HYPERTENSIVES WITH COPD

Aim. To study efficacy of the standard combination of perindopril and amlodipine in target blood pressure levels achievement in COPD patients with AH.Material and methods. Totally 28 patients included 17 men and 11 women, mean age 51,42±1,45 y.o. with the COPD II-III stage established, with arterial hypertension II stage, 2 grade. In treatment we used fixed antihypertensive combination of ACE inhibitor and calcium channel blocker amlodipine. The values of “office BP” were measured, with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and spirometry data. Results. After 30 days there was significant decrease of the mean “office BP” values, in 24 (85,7%) patients there was decrease of target BP. By ABPM data the decrease of mean clock-round, daytime and nocturnal BP values revealed. There was increase of the quantity of patients with physiological sleep pattern of BP from 5 to 12 (17,8% to 42,8%). Various dose regimens of perindopril/arginine combinations in 27 patients (96,4%) made it to achieve the BP level less than 140/90 mmHg. Long-term outcomes, tracked in the most of patients, showed good tolerability andhigh antihypertensive efficacy of the fixed perindopril and arginine combination.Conclusion. The use of fixed ACE inhibitor and calcium channel blocker combination fulfilled effective, dose dependent BP decrease and let most of COPD and AH patients reach the target BP. The treatment was followed by significant decrease of mean, daytime and nocturnal levels of ABPM. With the treatment there was recovery of physiological circle-round BP with reliable decrease at night. The possible side effect — dry cough — was rare and did not lead to the decrease of spirography parameters