La invasión del trabajo en la vida. En un distrito tecnológico de Madrid

En este artículo presentamos algunos elementos de reflexión elaborados a partir del libro Trabajo y vida en la sociedad de la información. Este artículo, y dicho libro, forma parte de una investigación más amplia que tiene como foco principal el análisis de los efectos de las transformaciones económicas y sociales de los últimos veinte años sobre las condiciones de vida y trabajo. En él tratamos de aportar luz no solamente sobre las cambiantes condiciones de empleo, la intensificación de la carga de trabajo, las influencias de la dispersión territorial de los fragmentos del mismo, y de la residencia de las y los trabajadores, sino también sobre las repercusiones en la vida diaria, en el reparto del trabajo doméstico y en su equilibrio (o no) entre las parejas. Tratando de mostrar la carga total de trabajo y responsabilidad, o responsabilidades, de cada persona en las circunstancias de los trabajos “avanzados” de este comienzo del siglo XXI.Title: The invasion of work on life. In a tecnological district in Madrid.Abstract: In this paper we present some food for thought abstracting from the book Trabajo y vida en la sociedad de la información (Life and work in the information society). This article and the book is a part of a wider research whose main focus is the analysis of the effects of economic and social transformations of the last twenty years on people’s lives and work. In it, we try to shed light not only on the changing conditions of employment, the intensification of the workload, the influences of territorial dispersion of the fragments of the plants, and the residence of the workers, but also on the impact on daily life, the sharing of domestic work and in the balance (or not) between partners. Trying to show the total workload and responsibility, or liability of each person in the circumstances of the "advanced" work  at the beginning of this century

La motivación del colectivo arbitral en fútbol : un estudio cualitativo

The aim of this study was to assess soccer referees initial, continuing and drop-out motivations using a qualitative methodology. A total of 19 former soccer referees from different categories were interviewed to this end. Enrolment in refereeing is related to a previous contact with the sport in several cases, and money is not considered an important incentive for enrolling nor for continuing in the activity. The most satisfying elements are: personal relationships within the refereeing family and doing a good job on the pitch. Some ex-referees display distrust toward the refereeing organization, especially as regards to the distribution of matches and the promotion of mechanisms. Aggressions are present in refereeing, which diminishes motivation, however, dropping out comes from a confluence of factors

Towards Smarter Management of Overtourism in Historic Centres Through Visitor-Flow Monitoring

Historic centres are highly regarded destinations for watching and even participating in diverse and unique forms of cultural expression. Cultural tourism, according to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), is an important and consolidated tourism sector and its strong growth is expected to continue over the coming years. Tourism, the much dreamt of redeemer for historic centres, also represents one of the main threats to heritage conservation: visitors can dynamize an economy, yet the rapid growth of tourism often has negative effects on both built heritage and the lives of local inhabitants. Knowledge of occupancy levels and flows of visiting tourists is key to the efficient management of tourism; the new technologies—the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and geographic information systems (GIS)—when combined in interconnected networks represent a qualitative leap forward, compared to traditional methods of estimating locations and flows. A methodology is described in this paper for the management of tourism flows that is designed to promote sustainable tourism in historic centres through intelligent support mechanisms. As part of the Smart Heritage City (SHCITY) project, a collection system for visitors is developed. Following data collection via monitoring equipment, the analysis of a set of quantitative indicators yields information that can then be used to analyse visitor flows; enabling city managers to make management decisions when the tourism-carrying capacity is exceeded and gives way to overtourism.Funded by the Interreg Sudoe Programme of the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF

Programa de intervención psicológica con árbitros de fútbol

In this paper, we describe the Intervention Programme on Psycohological Abilities in Refereeing (PIHPA) with the participation of soccer referees from the third division Valencia and Basque Association of Referees. The programme consisted of 8 group sessions, complemented by other individual initiatives, where the following skills were developed: motivation, emotional control, self-confidence, concentration, and communication. The aims were as follows: to familiarize the referees with basic psychological skills, to help them learn how to use them, apply them in their work, and improve on them. In their evaluation of the programme, the referees that took part showed a high degree of overall satisfaction, perceiving the course content to be useful in the long run and acknowledging the need to continue with this type of training in the future. In the paper, a discussion is made of the most relevant contributions and the difficulties that were encountered

The somatostatin receptor-adenylate cyclase system in rat pancreatic acinar membranes after temporary pancreaticobiliary duct ligation

The mechanism whereby somatostatin (SS) produces beneficial effects in established pancreatitis induced by pancreaticobiliary duct ligation (PBDL) is still not clear. The aim of the work was to evaluate the possibility of a direct action of SS on pancreatic acinar cells from rats with acute pancreatitis. For this purpose, we studied the SS-receptor-adenylate cyclase system in pancreatic acinar membranes from both, control rats and rats with experimentally induced acute pancreatitis. On the other hand, it has been reported that cholecystokinin (CCK) diminishes the number of SS receptors in pancreatic acinar cells. Proglumide, a CCK receptor antagonist reduces the severity of acute pancreatitis in the rat. Therefore, we have also examined the effect of proglumide on the somatostatinergic system in controls and rats with acute pancreatitis. Fourteen hours after PBDL, the SS receptors, the capacity of the SS analogue SMS 201-995 to inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and PTX-catalyzed [P-32] ADP-ribosylation of the alpha(1) subunits of Gi proteins could not be detected in pancreatic acinar membranes. One month after reopening the closed pancreaticobiliary duct (PBD), the pancreas showed regeneration of acinar cells, and the above-mentioned parameters were significantly lower than in the control group. Two months after reopening the closed PBD, all these parameters had returned to control values. The administration of proglumide (20 mg/kg i.p.), a cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, accelerated pancreatic regeneration and approached all these parameters to control values one month after reopening the closed PBD. The present study suggests that the beneficial effects of SS on established pancreatitis induced by PBDL may not be due to a direct action of the peptide on pancreatic acinar cells at least at 14 hours after PBDL. In addition, these findings suggest that in established pancreatitis the effect of proglumide on the SS receptor-adenylate cyclase system could be due to its action on pancreatic regeneration.The authors thank Ms. Carol F. Warren and Jerry Keller from the Alcala University Institution of Education Sciences and Lilian Puebla from the Department of Biochemistry of\ud Alcala University for their linguistic assistance, as well as Ms. Maria Baez for her excellent assistance with library research and Mr. Luis Monge for assistance in the preparation of the\ud illustrations. The authors are also grateful to Sandoz Ltd. (Basel, Switzerland) for generous donation of SMS 201-995 and its analogue Tyr3-SMS. This study was supported by a Grant from the Direction General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (PM95-0041) and from the University of Alcala (001/96) of Spain

Use of Audio Files Improves Students' Performance in Higher Education

Non

Sexual Politics in the Twenty-First Century: Practices of Silencing

This paper examines the spectrum of sexual violence that permeates women's lives, among others, often unnoticed by most of society. To do so, I revisit arguments from Kate Millet’s Sexual Politics (1970) and Susan Brownmiller’s Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape (1975), which to a large extent gave rise to the theoretical contention that under conditions of patriarchy there is a constant coercive factor in sexuality, which is a hostile sphere for women. I go on to examine current practices of silencing that can be seen as surreptitious ways of perpetuating this continuum of sexual violence: testimonial epistemic injustice, hermeneutical epistemic injustice, the legal discourse of gender-based violence and the naturalistic discourse of sexuality. I conclude that current legal feminist scholarship has the imperative challenge of imagining new frames of reference that allow us to collectively and socially interpret this entire spectrum of violence outside the legal framework

Comparison of the detection of periodontal pathogens in bacteraemia after tooth brushing by culture and molecular techniques

Background: The prevalence and amounts of periodontal pathogens detected in bacteraemia samples after tooth brushing-induced by means of four diagnostic technique, three based on culture and one in a molecular-based technique, have been compared in this study. Material and Methods: Blood samples were collected from thirty-six subjects with different periodontal status (17 were healthy, 10 with gingivitis and 9 with periodontitis) at baseline and 2 minutes after tooth brushing. Each sample was analyzed by three culture-based methods [direct anaerobic culturing (DAC), hemo-culture (BACTEC), and lysis-centrifugation (LC)] and one molecular-based technique [quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)]. With culture any bacterial isolate was detected and quantified, while with qPCR only Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were detected and quantified. Descriptive analyses, ANOVA and Chi-squared tests, were performed. Results: Neither BACTEC nor qPCR detected any type of bacteria in the blood samples. Only LC (2.7%) and DAC (8.3%) detected bacteraemia, although not in the same patients. Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most frequently detected bacterial species. Conclusions: The disparity in the results when the same samples were analyzed with four different microbiological detection methods highlights the need for a proper validation of the methodology to detect periodontal pathogens in bacteraemia samples, mainly when the presence of periodontal pathogens in blood samples after tooth brushing was very seldom

Oocytes recovered from cows treated with retinol become unviable as blastocysts produced in vitro

Retinoids have been shown to enhance developmental competence of the oocyte in cattle, sheep and pigs. In this study we investigated whether exogenous retinol stimulates the bovine oocyte during its intrafollicular growth and the time limits of exposure to exogenous retinol. In addition, we also determined the efficiency of ovum pick-up techniques in combination with retinol treatment and the viability of embryos after transfer to recipients. In Experiment 1, heifers were injected with retinol or vehicle, and concentrations of retinol in the blood were analysed on Day 0 (prior to injection), Day 1 and, together with follicular fluid, Day 4. Blood retinol increased by Day 1 and cleared on Day 4, but retinol remained higher within the follicle. In Experiment 2, oocyte donors were injected weekly with retinol or vehicle four times during a twice-per-week cycle of eight recovery sessions (starting 4 days before the first session), followed by a second eight-session cycle without treatment. Oocytes recovered were fertilized and cultured in vitro. Retinol treatment yielded higher numbers of low-quality oocytes throughout, although retinol measured during cycles did not change. Total oocytes, and morulae and blastocyst rates, increased during the first five sessions following treatment with retinol. As previously shown with oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries, retinoic acid stimulated blastocyst development. Following transfer to recipients, blastocysts from oocytes exposed to retinol were unable to establish pregnancy. Our study confirms the existence of an effect of retinol on the intrafollicular oocyte in the cow and provides evidence regarding the teratogenic effect of retinol

Relación entre Auto-Focus Autobiográfico y Especificidad/Sobregeneralización de la memoria: diferencias entre personas con y sin un diagnóstico de depresión

Research has revealed that clinical depression is related to reduced specificity and/or overgenerality in autobiographical memory. We set out to investigate this relationship by comparing depressed (n = 40) and non-depressed (n = 40) individuals not only in terms of autobiographical memory specificity/generality, but also in terms of narrative structure. Specificity was assessed with the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986) and participants also provided open-ended memories, which were analyzed for autobiographical cognitive complexity (Woike, 1994). Narrative differentiation, as an indicator of self-focus, was negatively related to specificity and positively to overgenerality of particularly negative autobiographical memories – but only in the depressed sample. Relationships were significantly different among non-depressed individuals. Results are discussed in the context of the relation between specificity/overgenerality and self-focus.La investigación ha revelado que la depresión clínica está relacionada con una menor especificidad y/o sobregeneralización en la memoria autobiográfica. Nuestro objetivo consistió en estudiar dicha relación comparando personas deprimidas (n = 40) y no deprimidas (n = 40) no solo en términos de especificidad/generalidad de la memoria autobiográfica, sino también con respecto a la estructura narrativa. Se evaluó la especificidad con el Test de Memoria Autobiográfica (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986). Los participantes también proporcionaron recuerdos en formato abierto, los cuales se analizaron en términos de complejidad cognitiva autobiográfica (Woike, 1994). La diferenciación narrativa, como un indicador de auto-focus, se relacionó negativamente con la especificidad y positivamente con la sobregeneralización de recuerdos autobiográficos negativos, pero solamente en la muestra de deprimidos; las asociaciones fueron significativamente diferentes entre personas no deprimidas. Se discuten los resultados en el contexto de la relación entre especificidad/sobregeneralización y auto-focus.Research has revealed that clinical depression is related to reduced specificity and/or overgenerality in autobiographical memory. We set out to investigate this relationship by comparing depressed (n = 40) and non-depressed (n = 40) individuals not only in terms of autobiographical memory specificity/generality, but also in terms of narrative structure. Specificity was assessed with the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986) and participants also provided open-ended memories, which were analyzed for autobiographical cognitive complexity (Woike, 1994). Narrative differentiation, as an indicator of self-focus, was negatively related to specificity and positively to overgenerality of particularly negative autobiographical memories – but only in the depressed sample. Relationships were significantly different among non-depressed individuals. Results are discussed in the context of the relation between specificity/overgenerality and self-focus