Seismic Refraction Method

Seismic methods are applied primarily in order to determine quasi-homogeneous zonesaccording to parameters of fragmentation, physical and chemical weathering anddeformability of rock masses and cohesionless soil. Applied seismic methods comprisesending impulses underground and registering the resulting refracted arrivals from subsurfaceinterfaces on a number of receivers positioned on or near the surface. Times elapsed fromsending to receiving seismic waves depend on depths of studied structures and propagationvelocities of seismic waves along paths of their propagation from the source to the refractor(or reflector) to the receiver.This paper presents two examples of preparation of seismic sections as a basis forgeotechnical design of foundations. Both examples are presentations of an optimum programof exploratory boring supplemented by results of deep seismic refraction studies.Results of geophysical investigations should be included in the data obtained bygeological mapping, which will in correlation with drilling results complete the picture ofgeological structure of terrain and facilitate categorization of materials and rocks for thepurpose of developing the engineering and hydrogeological profile as a base for designers inthe project execution stage

Pomološke i proizvodne osobine nekih novijih sorti šljive

Plum assortment in Serbia is dominated by old autochthonous cultivars, well-known cultivar ‘Stanley’ and cultivars named and released in Fruit Research Institute, Čačak such as: ‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Čačanska rodna’, ‘Čačanska rana’ and ‘Čačanska najbolja’. In order to fulfill different demands of fresh fruit market and achieve better results in modern plum production, it is necessary, among other things, to introduce new cultivars. Before introduction of new cultivars in orchards, significant evaluation of these cultivars in environmental conditions of region they are being introduced is required. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the most importand pomological and productive traits of six introduced plum cultivars: ‘Hanita’, ‘Jojo’, ‘Jubileum’, ‘Presenta’, ‘Tegera’ and ‘Valor’. The most important phenological (flowering and ripening time), and morphometric traits (fruit and stone weight, fruit dimensions and flash percentage), as well as tree vigour (trunk cross section area) and cropping potential (yield per tree and yield efficiency) were evaluated. Flowering phenofase in all examined cultivars lasted during the second decade of april, whereby flowering abundance was estimated as very good. The largest fruit weight, and fruit dimensions (height, width and thickness) were determined in ‘Valor’, whereas the largest stone weight and tree vigour were determined in ‘Jubileum’. The largest flesh percentage was found in cultivars ‘Jojo’, ‘Tegera’ and ‘Valor’. Cultivars ‘Presenta’ and ‘Jojo’ had largest yield per tree, while ‘Jojo’ had the highest yield efficiency.U sortimentu šljive u Srbiji dominiraju stare, authtone sorte, dobro poznata sorta ‘Stanley’ i sorte stvorene u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak, pre svih ‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Čačanska rodna’, ‘Čačanska rana’ i ‘Čačanska najbolja’. Da bi se zadovoljili različiti zahtevi tržišta i postigli što bolji rezultati u savremenoj proizvodnji šljive, neophodno je, između ostalog, introdukovati nove sorte. Pre uvođenja u proizvodnju, ove sorte zahtevaju značajno ispitivanje u ekološkim uslovima regiona u koji se introdukuju. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispitaju najznačajnije pomološke i proizvodne osobine šest introdukovanih sorti šljive: ‘Hanita’, ‘Jojo’, ‘Jubileum’, ‘Presenta’, ‘Tegera’ i ‘Valor’. Ispitivane su najznačajnije fenološke (fenofaza cvetanja i sazrevanja plodova) i morfometrijske osobine (masa i dimenzije ploda, masa koštice i randman mezokarpa ploda), kao i bujnost (površina poprečnog preseka debla) i rodnost (prinos po stablu i koeficijent rodnosti). Fenofaza cvetanja je kod svih ispitivanih sorti trajala tokom druge dekade aprila u obe ispitivane godine, pri čemu je obilnost cvetanja ocenjena kao veoma dobra. Najveća masa, visina, širina i debljina ploda su utvrđeni kod sorte ‘Valor’, dok su najveća masa koštice i bujnost stabla utvrđeni kod sorte ‘Jubileum’. Najveći randman ploda imale su sorte ‘Jojo’, ‘Tegera’ i ‘Valor’. Sorte ‘Presenta’ i ‘Jojo’ su imale najveći prinos po stablu, dok je sorta ‘Jojo’ imala i najveći koeficijent rodnosti

Biološko-pomološke osobine autohtonih sorti šljive u agroekološkim uslovima Čačka

This study was carried out to determine basic biological and pomological traits of eight ex situ autochthonous plum cultivars (‘Belošljiva Ljubić’, ‘Bugarka’, ‘Cerovački piskavac’, ‘Crnošljiva’, ‘Crvena ranka’, ‘Dragačevka’, ‘Papračanka’ and ‘Petrovača’) during two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). Examination included investigation of the main phenological properties (flowering and ripening time), morphometrical (fruit and stone weight and flesh percentage) and sensorial properties of fruit (fruit scin and flesh colour, flesh firmness and stone adherence), as well as vigour (trunk cross sectional area) and cropping potential (yield per tree and yield efficiency). Studied plum cultivars flowered from the end of the first to the mid of the third decade of April and ripened during the third decade of July and the first and the second decade of August. The highest vigour and yield per tree was found in cultivar ‘Dragačevka’, while the highest yield efficiency was observed in cultivar ‘Cerovački piskavac’. Cultivar ‘Belošljiva Ljubić’ had the highest values of fruit and stone weight. The highest velue of flesh percentage was observed in cultivar ‘Dragačevka’. Dark-blue fruit skin colour was dominant, while flesh colour varied from yellowish green to yellow. Flesh was medium firm to firm and non adherent, semi adherent or adherent to the stone.Ispitivanja obuhvaćena ovim radom su sprovedena sa ciljem determinacije najvažnijih biološko-pomoloških osobina osam autohtonih sorti šljive (Belošljiva Ljubić, Bugarka, Cerovački piskavac, Crnošljiva, Crvena ranka, Dragačevka, Papračanka i Petrovača) u ex situ uslovima tokom 2015. i 2016. godine. Proučavane su najznačajnije fenološke osobine (fenofaze cvetanja i sazrevanja plodova), morfometrijske (masa ploda i koštice, randman mezokarpa ploda) i senzorne osobine ploda (boja pokožice i mezokarpa ploda, čvrstina mezokarpa i stepen prijanjanja koštice), kao i bujnost (površina poprečnog preseka debla) i rodnost (prinos po stablu i koeficijent rodnosti). Proučavani genotipovi šljive su cvetali od kraja prve do sredine treće dekade aprila, a sazrevali tokom treće dekade jula i prve i druge dekade avgusta. Najvećom bujnošću i najvišim prinosom po stablu se odlikovala sorta Dragačevka, dok je najviši indeks rodnosti utvrđen kod sorte Cerovački piskavac. Najveća masa ploda i koštice su utvrđene kod sorte Belošljiva Ljubić, a najveći randman mezokarpa ploda kod sorte Dragačevka. Dominirala je tamno plava boja pokožice ploda. Mezokarp ploda je bio žute ili žuto-zelene boje, srednje čvrst do čvrst, dok je koštica bila slobodna, delimično slobodna ili je u potpunosti prijanjala za mezokarp ploda

Effects of wave exposure and habitat fragmentation on growth and grazing of rocky shore seaweeds: a mesocosm experiment

Seaweeds are foundation species on rocky shores that are exposed to a series of stressors. These include wave exposure, desiccation, grazing, and human activities, with habitat fragmentation as a common result. As part of climate and biodiversity changes, we are expecting increased winds and more frequent storm events, warmer climate, and trophic downgrading of ecosystems, causing overgrazing events. Here, we present the results from a two-factorial mesocosm experiment on the relationship between wave exposure, habitat fragmentation and growth (branching and tip elongation) of Fucus vesiculosus in the intertidal and upper subtidal. We found that intertidal seaweeds branched significantly more at low than high wave exposure. There was no effect of habitat fragmentation on branching, and no effects on tip growth from either wave exposure or habitat fragmentation. The experiment suffered greatly from uncontrolled grazing. Gastropod coverage was higher inside seaweed patches than in the seaweed free areas between and outside of the patches. In basins with highly fragmented seaweed patches, we found more gastropods at low than high wave exposure, whereas in basins with low fragmentation we found more gastropods at higher wave exposure. The percent coverage of gastropods in the basins did not seem to impact seaweed growth.publishedVersio

Smoking patterns and outcomes of severe sars-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the number of cigarettes smoked and the length of smoking with mortality among patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the General Hospital in Sombor (Serbia). Patients who were hospitalized because of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2021 and March 2023 were included in this study. Data were retrieved from electronic medical records, including those on smoking status, duration of smoking, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Of 307 patients whose medical records were analyzed, 40.7% were current smokers. Current smokers more often required treatment in the ICU, where they also had a higher mortality rate compared to current non-smokers. Longer duration of smoking was independently associated with dying of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the ICU. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who smoked had poorer survival compared to current non-smokers. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, patients who smoked for more than 40 years had a 73.9% chance of dying from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Current smokers who smoked 22.5 cigarettes per day had a 75.4% chance of dying from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the ICU. Smokers with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection had a higher likelihood of having poor outcomes. Longer duration of smoking was an independent predictor of SARS-CoV-2 mortality. Smoking prevention and smoking cessation are of paramount importance in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2-related mortality

Use of Lactobacillus helveticus BGRA43 for Manufacturing Fermented Milk Products

Soj bakterije Lactobacillus helveticus BGRA43, izoliran iz crijeva čovjeka, ima antimikrobni učinak na sojeve patogenih mikroorganizama u hrani, a tijekom fermentacije u mlijeku oslobađa peptide protuupalnih svojstava. U ovom je radu potvrđeno da soj BGRA43 djeluje antimikrobno na patogene sojeve, kao što su: Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri i Streptococcus pneumoniae. Stanice soja BGRA43 mogu preživjeti u simuliranim uvjetima gastrointestinalnog sustava uz dodatak mlijeka, pri čemu zadržavaju dovoljnu brojnost. Osim toga, LC/MS/MS analizom potvrđeno je da stanice soja BGRA43 mogu hidrolizirati β-laktoglobulin. U prisutnosti prebiotika, tj. inulina ili koncentrata β-glukana iz zobenih mekinja (Nutrim®) povećao se rast stanica soja BGRA43, čak i kad je prebiotik upotrijebljen kao jedini izvor ugljika. Soj BGRA43 odlično je rastao i u punomasnom kravljem ili kozjem mlijeku, te mlijeku koje je sadržavalo inulin ili Nutrim. Primjenom probiotičkog soja BGRA43 kao starter kulture dobiveni su fermentirani mliječni proizvodi od kravljeg ili kozjeg mlijeka sa ili bez dodatka inulina ili Nutrima s otprilike 107 CFU/mL stanica probiotika. Svi su proizvodi bili homogeni i viskozni, a najbolju su senzorsku ocijenu dobili fermentirani napici proizvedeni od rekonstituiranog mlijeka, punomasnog kravljeg mlijeka te kozjeg mlijeka s dodatkom 1 % inulina.Lactobacillus helveticus BGRA43 isolated from human intestines shows antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens and during fermentation in milk releases peptides with demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, it was found that strain BGRA43 exhibits antimicrobial activity against human pathogens Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Strain BGRA43 was able to survive in simulated gastric juice containing milk and retained cell number stability during the incubation in simulated intestinal conditions. In addition, LC/MS/MS analysis showed the ability of BGRA43 to hydrolyze β-lactoglobulin. Abundant growth of strain BGRA43 occurred in the presence of prebiotics inulin or concentrated oat bran β-glucan (Nutrim®), even when used as the sole carbon source. Similarly, strain BGRA43 grew satisfactorily in pure cow\u27s or goat\u27s milk as well as in the milk containing inulin or Nutrim®. Using the probiotic strain BGRA43 as a single starter strain, fermented milk products obtained from cow\u27s or goat\u27s milk with or without inulin or Nutrim® contained about 107 CFU/mL. The products were homogeneous and viscous and the best sensory scores were observed for fermented milk beverage made from reconstituted skimmed milk, whole cow\u27s milk and whole goat\u27s milk supplemented with 1 % inulin

Is Demonstrating the Concept of Multi-Use Too Soon for the North Sea?:Barriers and Opportunities from a Stakeholder Perspective

Multi-use (MU) has been promoted as a viable approach to the effective planning and mitigation of user-conflicts in the marine realm. Despite several research and pilot projects demonstrating the approach’s feasibility and benefits, commercially viable MU applications remain patchy and few. Further, MU is neither systematically applied nor purposively planned for even in the imminent event of incompatible and conflicting use of marine space. This paper seeks to identify barriers and opportunities for mainstreaming MU based on desktop study and iterative stakeholder consultation. The findings reveal that the MU concept was frequently framed as ‘co-location’ or ‘co-existence’ and aimed toward mitigating conflict among users. Practice was ahead of theory with little attention to synergistic and efficiency aspects. Barriers for MU application include shortcomings in legislation, sectoral thinking, and burdensome administrative procedures. The main opportunity lies in creating a conducive policy environment where MU risks and transaction costs become low and competitive, respectively. Solutions at the sea basin and national level, upon which further MU application can be anchored, are proposed

Redesigning diabetes care delivery in Serbia, using JA CHRODIS Recommendations and criteria

Introduction. Managing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) requires redesigning health care delivery to achieve better coordination of services at all levels of health care. The aim of this study was improving prevention and strengthening high quality of care for NCDs by using type 2 diabetes as a model disease. Methods. The mix method approach served to analyse the impact of the intervention processes. Source of information were routine health statistics, interviews and observation. Key Performance Indicators in defined Improvement Areas assisted in the quality of diabetes care assessment. Results and discussion. During the study the National Diabetes Centre (NDC) was established. The NDC experts organized numerous educational events, 316 physicians and nurses have participated. New electronic data base was implemented in 20 pilot Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs) with 38,833 electronic diabetes records. Conclusions. The intervention led to establishment of the NDC, strengthening competences of health care professionals and to the renewal of the Diabetes Care Units in PHCCs included in the study

Noviji rezultati oplemenjivanja voćaka u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak

The Fruit Research Institute Čačak has seventy years long tradition in breeding of continental fruit species. The continual multi-disciplinary scientific and research work conducted so far has resulted in the releasing of 41 different cultivars. In addition to the named and released cultivars, for promising candidate cultivars have been selected (three plums and one peach) and entered for releasing, while there is also a large number of promising genotypes that are currently under intense evaluation. The paper presents an overview of the most significant biological and productive characteristic of the 12 new cultivars of pome and stone fruits, including seven plum cultivars (Boranka, Timočanka, Zlatka, Nada, Mildora, Krina and Pozna plava), two pear cultivars (Julijana and Anđelija) and three sour cherry cultivars (Sofija, Nevena and Iskra).Institut za voćarstvo, Čačak ima sedamdeset godina dugu tradiciju oplemenjivačkog rada na stvaranju novih sorti kontinentalnih vrsta voćaka. Do sada je kao rezultat kontinuiranog, multidisciplinarnog naučnoistraživačkog rada priznata 41 sorta različitih vrsta voćaka. Pored priznatih sorti, izdvojene su četiri kandidat sorte (tri šljive i jedna breskve) koje su u postupku priznavanja, kao i veliki broj perspektivnih genotipova koji se intenzivno proučavaju. U radu je prikazan pregled najznačajnijih bioloških i proizvodnih osobina 12 novije priznatih sorti jabučastih i koštičavih vrsta voćaka, i to: sedam sorti šljive (Boranka, Timočanka, Zlatka, Nada, Mildora, Krina i Pozna plava), dve sorte kruške (Julijana i Anđelija) i tri sorte višnje (Sofija, Nevena i Iskra)

Exploring the contribution of multi-use approach in fostering local blue economy: Insights from the Global South

Ocean Multi-use (MU) has gained significant attention as an approach with great potential to promote a more sustainable and space efficient' Blue Economy development. Despite many efforts to implement the multi-use concept into practice, MU still has many practical challenges, which is even more evident outside the European context, where there is significant policy support for MU. This paper aims to elucidate how MU can bolster the local blue economy, particularly within the context of the Global South. The research is based on a case study in southern Brazil, within a traditional fishing community that occupies a marine protected area. A practical analysis of the synergies between community-based tourism, artisanal fishing and conservation was done through interviews with key stakeholders. The main benefits, constraints, opportunities, and risks of MU activities were identified. Results demonstrate the positive impact of MU promoting revenue, environmental education, and cultural and historical attributes. MU has shown great positive impact on social, economic, and environmental aspects within this case study. Key enabling factors that allowed the MU development were horizontal participatory governance and the protagonist of fishers. In terms of existing challenges, the absence of investment in infrastructure, fragmented governance and lack of institutional support was pointed out as the main constraint and limitations to strengthening MU. We argue that MU can be an important strategy for promoting the local blue economy. In the Global South context, the efficacy of MU initiatives appears intricately tied to the participation of local actors in a manner tailored to local contexts and challenges.S.D. Diederichsen has been supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES). C.V.C. Weiss is grateful to the Universidad de Cantabria (UC) for the Margarita Salas Grants (RMS-04). This research has been done as part of the Multi-Frame project - Assessment Framework for successful development of viable ocean multi-use systems (Oceans, 2018 call, Belmont Forum, Future Earth and JPI Oceans), granted by national funding authorities: ANR (ANR-20-BFOC-0002-01), Maritim Chair of Nantes University, BMBF, FORMAS (2019–02391), the Research Council of Norway (312196 and 319577) and Møreforsking AS