Desa Tertinggal di Indonesia

Tulisan ini membuka debat desa tertinggal di Indonesia , karena hasil perhitungan ini telah digunakan oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia dalam Program Kompensasi Pengurangan Subsidi BBM (PKPS-BBM) tahun 2005. Namun secara teoritis muncul dilema antara menggunakan kategorisasi desa tertinggal versi terdahulu dalam rangka membanding angka desa tertinggal antar tahun, dan memperkaya kategori tersebut dengan variabel tambahan yang muncul menjadikannya sulit dibandingkan dengan data-data sebelumnya. Ternyata jumlah desa tertinggal di Indonesia saat ini 11.258 desa, atau 10.758 desa jika NAD tidak dimasukkan. Data ini berbasis Potensi Desa 2003 terbaru. Kategorisasi pengolahan desa tertinggal memiliki bias pada desa pertanian, serta belum mencakup desa-desa hasil pemekaran sejak 2003. Jika desa tertinggal hendak digunakan sebagai indikasi kantong kemiskinan, perlu disadari bahwa dominasi rumahtangga miskin hanya terdapat pada 51 persen desa tertingga

RESENSI BUKU : Pollock, John L. and Joseph Cruz 2003. Contemporary Theories of Knowledge, Second Edition. Rowman & Littlefield: Lanham

Bahwa dalam edisi pertama buku ini langsung digolongan menjadi buku klasik, menunjukkan kualitas isinya yang tinggi. Sedangkan edisi kedua ini, selain digunakan sendiri oleh John L. Pollock –profesor filsafat dan ilmu pengetahuan kognitif di Universitas Arizona—untuk mata kuliah Theory of Knowledge (Teori tentang Pengetahuan) yang dia asuh, buku ini juga digunakan di universitas-universitas lain. Telah puluhan buku lain yang menggunakan citasi dari buku ini. Bahkan banyak yang menyatakan bahwa buku ini jauh lebih bagus dalam menerangkan teori-teori pengetahuan dibandingkan dengan buku-buku serupa, bahkan yang terbit beberapa tahun kemudian, misalnya Introduction to ContemporaryEpistemology (1985) karya Jonathan Dancy, Groundless Belief edisi kedua (1999) dan Problems of Knowledge: A Critical Introduction toEpistemology (2001) karya Michael Williams, Epistemology: Classic Problems and Contemporary Responses (2002) karya Laurence BonJour, dan Knowledge (2001) karya Michael Welbourne (Traiger 2004)

Percobaan Pembangunan Partisipatif dalam Otonomi Daerah

As part of governing mechanism, local participation has already been practiced by numerous ethnic groups of Indonesia since centuries. In modern era, the idea of participation, that was at the outset integrated into development thought as desentralisation, was introduced in 1950s-1960s. In the 1980s, Non-Government Organization adopted participatory development to control government and donor agencies. Since 1990s, donor and developed countries adopted paticipatory development as single approach to operationalize development measures. In Indonesia, participatory development practices need to pay attention on two sub-structures, i.e., program and budget arrangements. Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan (musrenbang) is a participatory-based planning mechanism is run stretching from rural upto national level and is considered to be very central for nation-wide development measures. The mechanism needs to be criticed since it just increases efficiency and effectiveness of development actions, but it fails to expand participaton space of the lowest social layers of rural communitie

Indonesia dalam Pertautan Budaya Pembangunan dan Budaya Warga Desa

The construction of the next imagined-village as a part of the next imagined-Indonesia evokes the need of a new genre on embedding the culture of development and the culture of civil-village. The article presents an “Until-Where” genre (on where the aims of development are reached). In the genre, praxis orientation becomes a context of both cultural analysis and social structure. The deconstructive critique of the culture of development is focused on Kantian humanism, evolutionism and development planning, the politics of space, and capitalization on village development.Co-articulation between the culture of development (which has the tendency for uniformity) and the culture of civil-village (which has the tendency for variation) is constructed, firstly, on toleration between the stake-holders for social transformation. Then the article proposes “Praxis of Familiation”, i.e. imagination on the family structure as a translation process for external influence. Focused on the lower stratum, the familiation should be used to empower the lowest one

Manfaat Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Program Pengelolaan Sampah

The existence of the company in a public area should be able to bring benefits to society itself, as in the social, economic, and environmental. To realize these expectations then CSR programs are implemented by taking into account the participation of the community and other stakeholders, because participation is one of the the most important of community development principles. There are internal factors that considered relates to the level of participation. Variables of internal factor (individual characteristics) are age level, education level, length of stay, and income level. The results of the research showed that there is no relationship between the individual characteristics to the level of community participation. The level of community participation considered relates to the level of program's benefits that can be felt. Variables of program utilization such as the level knowledge level, skill level, environmental cleanliness level, and economic opportunities level. The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between the level of participation and the level of program's benefits that community receive

Physical Nature of the Processes in Structure Forming, Phase and Chemical Composition of pipe Permanent Joints when MMA Welding

The paper outlines peculiarities of structure formation, phase and chemical composition in regard to heat content in molten electrode metal beads when pipe steel (steel 09G2S) welding using power sources with various energy characteristics. Mathematical calculations indicate an inverter power source provides minor heat content into the bead of electrode metal when welding. Experimental research has pointed at 4-9 % increase in impact strength of joints produced using an inverter power source in comparison with samples produced applying a diode rectifier. The following factors can possibly give rise to the increasing impact strength: difference in microstructures of weld joints, up to 50% shortening ferritic plates in metal of weld joint, change in dimensions of ferritic grains in the heat-affected zone by as much as 17.5 %, and decrease in the extent of heat-affected zone by 50%

Interconnection between parameters of rock samples electromagnetic signals and content of magnetite in the samples

The paper describes the results of studies of electromagnetic response parameters of samples of bearing strata and ore rocks from the Tashtagol mine on acoustic effects. Patterns of changes in amplitude-frequency parameters of electromagnetic signals for rock samples with different content of magnetite are experimentally found. The conducted research shows that the maximum amplitudes of electromagnetic signal spectral components increases in samples of the same mineral composition with the reduction of their ultimate strength. This is caused by heterogeneities, and defective areas which contribute to active transformation of mechanical energy into electromagnetic energy. For rocks, which contain magnetite, the emissivity depends not only on heterogeneities and defective areas, but on the quantity of high-conductivity minerals in their composition

Methods of studying the composition of the low-energy ion beams and the surface of deuterated-metal targets

To study the reactions between the light nuclei (dd, pd, d{3}He, d{4}He) with ultralow collision energies, there is a need to obtain the high-precision experimental results on the purity of the target surface saturated with the hydrogen isotopes (protium, deuterium) and on the number and composition of the accelerated particles falling on the target. To solve this problem, a method has been developed and tested for operational testing the quality of the vacuum system and the cleaning of the metal target surface saturated with deuterium. The paper also presents the measurement results for the true flow of the accelerated ions and neutrals of hydrogen (deuterium), using a multigrid electrostatic energy analyzer. The values of the ion and neutral components of the accelerated particle flow were received for the Hall ion source. The values of the secondary electron emission coefficients were determined for a number of the metal targets (Cu, Ti, Ta, Zr) in the range of the accelerated ion energies of 3-12 keV

Hydrogenous mineral neoformations in Tomsk water intake facility from underground sources

The article considers study outcomes of hydrogenous mineral neoformations precipitated on deferrization filters of Tomsk water intake facility from underground sources. Compositionally, these precipitations are colloform and polymineral including ferrous, carbonate and aluminosilicate mineral phases. Ferrous phase predominates and embraces ferric hydroxides (ferrihydrate, goethite, hematite and lepidocrocite) and ferrous hydrophosphates (vivianite, strengite, strunzite and rockbridgeit). Carbonate and aluminosilicate minerals are calcite and kaolinite-group, respectively

Radial-piston pump for drive of test machines

The article reviews the development of radial-piston pump with phase control and alternating-flow mode for seismic-testing platforms and other test machines. The prospects for use of the developed device are proved. It is noted that the method of frequency modulation with the detection of the natural frequencies is easily realized by using the radial-piston pump. The prospects of further research are given proof