Leksykalne wyrażenie miłości konceptualnej w twórczości Teokryta

Ze wszystkich emocji i uczyć właściwych człowiekowi Teokryt najwięcej uwagi poświęca miłości. Do jej opisu autor wykorzystuje bogatą leksykę, ilustrującą stany psychiczne człowieka. Uczucie miłości przedstawione jest również za pomocą wielu metafor i porównań, które nadają twórczości Teokryta znaczną wartość artystyczną

Experimental studies of RctB- initiator of Vibrio cholerae chromosome II replication: genetic engineering, protein purification, and protein crystals

Vibrio cholerae, a member of the Vibrionaceae family, is notorious as the causative agent of acute gastrointestinal disease known as cholera. Genetic information in members of the Vibrionaceae family is distributed between two chromosomes that are distinctively maintained. In V. cholerae, the initiation of DNA replication in each chromosome involves distinct processes. While the initiation of replication of chromosome I is carried by DnaA, the initiation of chromosome II replication is controlled by RctB, a DNA-binding protein that is an exclusive attribute of all Vibrio species. RctB has no homologs among other members of bacteria proteins and can serve as a target for designs of Vibrio-specific antibacterial medications. Elucidation of the molecular structure of RctB will facilitate the development of such medications. In this report, we describe results of several experiments that involve the growth of protein crystals for future X-ray crystallography studies aiming to disclose the structural components of RctB

Separation of mononitrotoluenes by clathration

Thirty-one Werner-type compounds have been prepared, at least 10 of which were not previously investigated. Manganus tetra(4-methylpyridine)dithiocyanate, zinc tetra(4-methylpyridine)dithiocyanate, ferrous tetra(4-methylyridine)dithiocyanate, nickel tetra(4-methylpyridine)dithiocyanate and nickel tetra(pyridine) dithiocyanate can be used for clathration of mononitrotoluenes. The best results have been obtained with the complex formed between nickel dithiocyanate and l-methylpyridine. Three clathration stanges are needed to obtain 99 percent pure para-nitrotoluene. A clathration efficiency of 60 percent has been achieved per stage. A new process for the recovery of clathrated compounds has been developed. Clathration can be carried out as a cyclic process without the complex consumption when the developed method of the mononitrotoluene recovery is used

Negative regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by cytokines and transcriptional repressors

Bone remodeling in physiological and pathological conditions represents a balance between bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Bone resorption is tightly and dynamically regulated by multiple mediators, including cytokines that act directly on osteoclasts and their precursors, or indirectly by modulating osteoblast lineage cells that in turn regulate osteoclast differentiation. The critical role of cytokines in inducing and promoting osteoclast differentiation, function and survival is covered by the accompanying review by Zwerina and colleagues. Recently, it has become clear that negative regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by inflammatory factors and cytokines, downstream signaling pathways, and a newly described network of transcriptional repressors plays a key role in bone homeostasis by fine tuning bone remodeling and restraining excessive bone resorption in inflammatory settings. In this review we discuss negative regulators of osteoclastogenesis and mechanisms by which these factors suppress bone resorption

IFNAR1-Signalling Obstructs ICOS-mediated Humoral Immunity during Non-lethal Blood-Stage Plasmodium Infection

Funding: This work was funded by a Career Development Fellowship (1028634) and a project grant (GRNT1028641) awarded to AHa by the Australian National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). IS was supported by The University of Queensland Centennial and IPRS Scholarships. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD