Surface and electronic structure of MOCVD-grown Ga(0.92)In(0.08)N investigated by UV and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies

The surface and electronic structure of MOCVD-grown layers of Ga(0.92)In(0.08)N have been investigated by means of photoemission. An additional feature at the valence band edge, which can be ascribed to the presence of In in the layer, has been revealed. A clean (0001)-(1x1) surface was prepared by argon ion sputtering and annealing. Stability of chemical composition of the investigated surface subjected to similar ion etching was proven by means of X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

MnAs dots grown on GaN(0001)-(1x1) surface

MnAs has been grown by means of MBE on the GaN(0001)-(1x1) surface. Two options of initiating the crystal growth were applied: (a) a regular MBE procedure (manganese and arsenic were delivered simultaneously) and (b) subsequent deposition of manganese and arsenic layers. It was shown that spontaneous formation of MnAs dots with the surface density of 1$\cdot 10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ and $2.5\cdot 10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$, respectively (as observed by AFM), occurred for the layer thickness higher than 5 ML. Electronic structure of the MnAs/GaN systems was studied by resonant photoemission spectroscopy. That led to determination of the Mn 3d - related contribution to the total density of states (DOS) distribution of MnAs. It has been proven that the electronic structures of the MnAs dots grown by the two procedures differ markedly. One corresponds to metallic, ferromagnetic NiAs-type MnAs, the other is similar to that reported for half-metallic zinc-blende MnAs. Both system behave superparamagnetically (as revealed by magnetization measurements), but with both the blocking temperatures and the intra-dot Curie temperatures substantially different. The intra-dot Curie temperature is about 260 K for the former system while markedly higher than room temperature for the latter one. Relations between growth process, electronic structure and other properties of the studied systems are discussed. Possible mechanisms of half-metallic MnAs formation on GaN are considered.Comment: 20+ pages, 8 figure

Comparative analysis of reactive and imperative approach in Java web application development

The subject of this study was to compare web applications created using the imperative and reactive approaches in Java. For this purpose, two applications with the same functionalities were developed using both approaches. The study looked at the performance, stability and time-consumption of implementation of each application. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the reactive application processes queries faster, uses less CPU, and is more stable in the case of handling many simultaneous requests, where the processing time is greater than 10 seconds. No significant differences were observed in using the computer's RAM by the applications. In addition, the study showed that reactive application takes more time to create

Nummular headache in a patient with ipsilateral occipital neuralgia—A case report

Nummular headache (NH) is a rarely recognized primary headache, the diagnostic criteria of which are contained in the appendix to the 2nd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (code A13.7.1). We present the case of a 61-year-old female who suffers, regardless of NH, from right-sided occipital neuralgia. The applied treatment – gabapentin and mianserin – had no effect. Injection of bupivacaine twice to the right occipital region resulted in neuralgia resolution up to three months, with no effect on NH. This confirms the independence of two abovementioned head pain conditions

Analysis of the performance and scalability of microservices depending on the communication technology

The aim of this study is to compare the performance and scalability of microservices based on the communication technology used. The research is conducted on four systems, each consisting of three microservices, utilizing REST and gRPC technologies, as well as two communication schemes between the services. The systems are tested on two experimental setups with different system resources, considering metrics such as response time, memory usage, and CPU usage. The obtained results indicate that applications based on gRPC are generally more efficient and scalable but require more CPU resources, whereas REST-based applications require more RAM resources

Vibrational and thermal properties of amorphous alumina from first principles

Amorphous alumina is employed ubiquitously as a high-dielectric-constant material in electronics, and its thermal-transport properties are of key relevance for heat management in electronic chips and devices. Experiments show that the thermal conductivity of alumina depends significantly on the synthesis process, indicating the need for a theoretical study to elucidate the atomistic origin of these variations. Here we employ first-principles simulations to characterize the atomistic structure, vibrational properties, and thermal conductivity of alumina at densities ranging from 2.28 to 3.49 g/cm3. Moreover, using a machine-learned interatomic potential trained on first-principles data, we investigate how system size affects predictions of the thermal conductivity, showing that simulations containing 120 atoms can already reproduce the bulk limit of the conductivity. Finally, relying on the recently developed Wigner formulation of thermal transport, we shed light on the interplay between atomistic topological disorder and anharmonicity in the context of heat conduction, showing that the former dominates over the latter in determining the conductivity of alumina

EL PROCESO DE DEMOCRATIZACIÓN EN AMÉRICA LATINA: TEORÍA Y PRÁCTICA

Este texto dá uma atenção especial ao estudo dos fatores que favorecem ou dificultam a consolidação democrática, dos perigos da reversibilidade dos processos democráticos e do possível refluxo da terceira onda de democratização

A Volume-of-Fluid based simulation method for wave impact problems

In this paper, some aspects of water impact and green water loading are considered by numerically investigating a dambreak problem and water entry problems. The numerical method is based on the Navier-Stokes equations that describe the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid. The equations are discretised on a fixed Cartesian grid using the finite volume method. Even though very small cut cells can appear when moving an object through the fixed grid, the method is stable. The free surface is displaced using the Volume-of-Fluid method together with a local height function, resulting in a strictly mass conserving method. The choice of boundary conditions at the free surface appears to be crucial for the accuracy and robustness of the method. For validation, results of a dambreak simulation are shown that can be compared with measurements. A box has been placed in the flow, as a model for a container on the deck of an offshore floater on which forces are calculated. The water entry problem has been investigated by dropping wedges with different dead-rise angles, a cylinder and a cone into calm water with a prescribed velocity. The resulting free surface dynamics, with the sideways jets, has been compared with photographs of experiments. Also a comparison of slamming coefficients with theory and experimental results has been made. Finally, a drop test with a free falling wedge has been simulated. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved