HOW TO SELECT PAIRED COMPARISONS IN AHP OF INCOMPLETE INFORMATION-STRONGLY REGULAR GRAPH DESIGN

Abstract It is said that paired comparison is the essence of AHP. But if there are N alternatives and M criteria in a standard AHP, we must compare pairs for each criterion and wC2 pairs for the set of criteria, and the total number of them becomes up tp C-) X M + C2. So for rather large M and N it takes much cost and time to get paired comparison data. But even if we have not the whole set Sn of nC2 pairs (let such a case be called incomplete information case), we can estimate the weights based on comparison data in an appropriate subset of Sn by Harker method or Two-stage method [4, 51. We can use LLS (logarithmic least square) method in AHP analysis, by which we can analyze AHP for incomplete information case. So we can reduce the number of paired comparisons by using incomplete information case. The problem is how to select pairs to be compared in Sn, that is, a design to get data. We propose the strongly regular (SR) design based on strongly regular graphs, and by numerical simulation show that the errors of the estimations by SR designs are smaller than any random designs for almost all cases. Since SR graphs are rather difficult to be constructed, we generalize them to quasi-strongly regular (quasi-SR) graphs, and propose quasi-SR design based on quasi-SR graphs. By simulation we show that quasi-SR designs also give the same good results as the SR designs. 1

Some methods of combinatorics applied to management and information engineering

Thesis--University of Tsukuba, D.So.Ec.Pl.(B), no. 697, 1991.5.3

Présélection pour la résistance à lamaladie de la pourriture brune des cabosses du cacaoyer

Mille cent soixante-dix plants de descendants de 24 croisements faisant intervenir 48 parents de trois groupes de population de cacaoyers (Forastero, Refractario et Trinitario) ont été évalués pour leur résistance foliaire à Phytophthora palmivora en utilisant un es sur disques de feuilles (LDT). Les 48 parents utilisés dans les croisement ont aussi été évalués pour la résistance des cabosses à l'aide du test d'inoculation sur des cabosses détachées (DPT) et pour les performances au champ relatives à la pour brame et à la maladie des balais de sorcières. Un large écart entre les scores de morbidité moyens ont été observés en réponse à l'infection à la fois chez les populations parentales (1,27 à 4,40) et les descendants (1,84 à 3,32), basés sur une échelle d'évaluation de la maladie allant de 1 à 5. Les scores du test DTP allaient de 1 à 6, basés sur une échelle d'évaluation de la maladie allant de 1 à 8. Le nombre de cabosses infectées pour les parents allait de 0 à 5 par accession. Plusieurs méthodes d'évaluation (LDT, DPT et observations an champ) pour la résistance à la pourriture brume ont été examinées pour déterminer la nature de la relation qui existe entre elles. Aucune relation linéaire (coefficient de corrélation R2= 0,024) n'a été observée lorsque les moyennes des descendants pour le LDT ont fait l'objet d'une analyse de régression sur les demi-moyennes parentales, ce qui suggère que les performances parentales peuvent ne pas être un véritable indicateur pour la performance des descendants. De la même façon, de faibles relations ont été observées entre observation sur le terrain pour les parents et LDT pour leurs descendants (coefficient de corrélation R2 = 0,005) et aussi entre DTP (parents) et LDT pour leurs descendants (coefcient de corrélation R2 = 0,006). De plus, seule une relation très faible existait entre DPT et observations au champ (coefcient de corrélation R2 = 0,0002), ce qui signifie que le DPT peut ne pas refléter la situation réelle de la résistance au champ. Les implications de ces conclusions en lien avec l'application du LDT comme outil pour l'évaluation de la résistance foliaire à Phytophthora palmivora chez les clones de cacaoyers et leurs populations de sélection sont analysées. (Résumé d'auteur

Application-oriented modelling of domestic energy demand

Detailed residential energy consumption data can be used to offer advanced services and provide new business opportunities to all participants in the energy supply chain, including utilities, distributors and customers. The increasing interest in the residential consumption data is behind the roll-out of smart meters in large areas and led to intensified research efforts in new data acquisition technologies for the energy sector. This paper introduces a novel model for generation of residential energy consumption profiles based on the energy demand contribution of each household appliance and calculated by using a probabilistic approach. The model takes into consideration a wide range of household appliances and its modular structure provides a high degree of flexibility. Residential consumption data generated by the proposed model are suitable for development of new services and applications such as residential real-time pricing schemes or tools for energy demand prediction. To demonstrate the main features of the model, an individual household consumption was created and the effects of a possible change in the user behaviour and the appliance configuration presented. In order to show the flexibility offered in creation of the aggregated demand, the detailed simulation results of an energy demand management algorithm applied to an aggregated user group are used

Malaysian Affordability Housing Policies Revisited

Housing has always been a significant aspiration of family expression and distinctly priciest investment by household. It plays a momentous role in the country's economy and so central to the societal well-being that is emplaced in the United Nation Universal declaration of Human rights. Yet in developed and developing world alike, cities struggle to provide decent housing for lower and middle income population. The provision of affordable housing is a major policy concern around the world with Malaysia being no exception; rising income hardly keep pace with price hike of housing unit and housing interventions has majorly concentrated on demand side leading to a non-responsive supply sector. Therefore, this paper highlights affordable housing issues pertaining Malaysia. It formulates Malaysian Map of affordability and conducts an evaluation of global housing schemes to better identify policy priorities for Malaysia. It's significant to harmonize supply and demand side factors in the housing market to ensure that housing supply fits the needs of citizens based on the location, price and target group. In case of Malaysia supply oriented initiative are of urgency in short and medium run. This must be supported by long term demand side schemes in parallel. Convergence of these two factors is essential for a balanced equilibrium and obtaining affordability