Microbial occurrence on differently preserved tilapia fish in Abeokuta North Local Government, Nigeria

This study reports the microbial flora of differently processed tilapia fish obtained from Olomoore market, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Samples were purchased, differently processed (using smoking, salting, freezing) and analyzed for the presence of bacteria. Microbial loads and characterisation were examined on the gills and the skin using standard microbiological procedures. The progression of growth was also monitored within I0-day storage period for the differently processed fish. Proteus vulgaris, Leuconostoc meseritiroides, Klebsiella planticola, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtitles, Enterobacter spp, Proteus vulgaris, Lactobacillus spp. were the bacteria isolated from the differently processed fish. There was no significant difference (P~B 0. 05) in the bacteria load of the gill during the first day of processing. However, significant variation (P~B 0. 05) existed in the bacteria load of the skin of the fish during the first day of processing. Although no significant difference (P~B 0. 05) was recorded in the bacteria load of the gill and the skin of the fish during the first day of processing in nutrient agar medium. In the tenth day frozen fish gill had the highest bacteria load while smoked fish gill had the lowest bacteria load there was significant difference (P~B 0. 05) in the bacteria load on the gill of differently processed fish gill. Similarly, there was significant variation (P~0.05) in the bacteria load of the skin of the fish during the tenth day processing

Induction of rat hepatic mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening by leaf extract of Olax subscorpioidea

has been implicated in the cascade of events involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death). Olax subscorpioidea is traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases and infection. However, its role on MMPT is not yet established. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of varying concentrations of the methanol leaf extract of O. subscorpioidea (MEOS) on MMPT pore opening, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Materials and Methods: Opening of the pore was spectrophotometrically assayed under succinate‑energized conditions. Results: In the absence of triggering agent (calcium), MEOS induced MMPT pore opening by 350, 612, 827, 845% at 36, 60, 86 and 112 µg/ml, respectively. MEOS further induced MMPT pore opening in the presence of a triggering agent by 866, 905, 831, 840, 949% at 12, 36, 60, 86 and 112 µg/ml, respectively. The extract significantly induced mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxidation in all the concentration used. MEOS also significantly increased mitochondrial ATP hydrolysis by mitochondrial ATPase in all concentration of the extract used. Conclusion: It may be deduced from this results, that MEOS contains certain bioactive components that may find use in pathological conditions that require an enhanced rate of apoptosi

Inter-Group Disparities in Fatal Road Traffic Accident in Texas

The risk of dying from a road accident is higher than dying from heart and infectious diseases. Mortality and injury related to fatal accident is increasing partly due to the level of motorization. Further, the associated risk of accident varies among diverse population groups. This study examines the inter-group difference in injury and mortality caused by road accident in Texas using Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), the nation’s most comprehensive population-based accident database from 2014 to 2016. Texas had the highest accident mortality in 2016 making accident the fifth leading cause of death. This study performed two main tasks: 1) It analyzed injury severity variation for different age groups using data mining technique. 2) Accident fatality disparity was determined by using both nonparametric version of analysis of variance and multilevel binary logistic regression. The study interprets fatality risk using the odd ratio. Result shows that Asian subgroups, European Spanish, Central and South Americans, and children were at greater risk. This study is important for culturally specific public health intervention design targeting the most vulnerable subgroups based on people’s cultural orientation

English language as a solution to issues and challenges of leadership and good governance in Nigeria: Historical analysis

Language is the vehicle of social interaction needed by every government for effective and good governance. Unfortunately, Nigeria does not have a well articulated and explicit national language policy that can be found in one document. The official language of governance in Nigeria for now is English. No doubt the problem of poor performance in this is the root of all the difficulties in efficient governance in Nigeria. The state of students\u27 performance in the language has deteriorated to an embarrassing and unacceptable level. If the government cannot communicate its policies and programmes to the least of her citizens, there is bound to be great misinterpretation and misunderstanding between the government and the people which is likely to generate into social unrests. In this paper, the writer asserts that unless the teaching and learning of the English language is given the priority it deserves in Nigeria, issues and challenges of leadership and good governance will remain unattended. The most, and apparently difficult problem of poor performance in the English language and by extension, other subjects especially at the secondary school level is examination malpractice. The phenomenon of examination malpractice has become endemic in the educational system. It is suggested that a serious and better training and re-training of teachers is paramount

The Mediating Role of Distributive Fairness in the Relationship Between Performance-Based Pay, Career Incentive Organizational Benefits and Employee Performance

This work aims to examine the relationship between performance-based pay, career incentives, organizational benefits and employee performance. It also aims to test the mediating role of distributive fairness in these relationships. Nigerian working class students in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) were sampled. A total number of 140 respondents were given questionnaires to fill but 116 questionnaires were good enough for analysis. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze data and to test the hypotheses. The overall findings indicated that there are relationships between performance-based pay, career incentives, organizational benefits and employee performance. Moreover, it was also found that distributive fairness partially mediated the relationships between performance-based pay, career incentives, organizational benefits and employee performance. This study is limited in the aspect of various organizational characteristics such as type, ownership, and size and the aspects of personal characteristics such as gender, position, length of service, and qualification. Therefore, future researches should examine the various aspects of organizational characteristics and personal characteristics in relation to performance-based pay, career incentives and organizational benefits within organizations. Organizations thrive through the instrumentality of people because they possess the required skills, knowledge and competencies needed for the execution of organizational strategy and planning. Hence, organizations should entrench a competitive total remuneration package that consists of properly-handled performance-based pay system, career incentives and various organizational benefits based on the principle of distributive fairness. In addition, management should build up an effective pay design and management systems in organizations. Openness in communication and employee participation in the pay design and management help in achieving this goa

Investigating the Application of CFA in the Liveability Assessment of Public Low-income Housing in Nig

Studies on the liveability of Nations/Cities or neighbourhoods have been on the increase due to their perceived aftermath significant contributions to the quality of life. In this study, the liveability dimensions and attributes were developed based on the previous studies and experts opinions to assess the level of living conditions in the public low-income housing estates in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. The focus of this paper is to explore the liveability dimensions and attributes reliability and to validates its usefulness in determining the liveability of the selected housing estates. It is presumed that not all identified liveability dimensions and attributes variables in the extant literature will be effective in measuring liveability in a cultural context like Nigeria. The data used for this study came from survey questionnaire administered to the residents of the selected three housing estates. Prior to the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the Cronbach’s Alpha result obtained supported four-factor constructs. The variance explained as obtained from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was good (67%). The CFA conducted led to the construction of an 18 items measurement. This paper contributed to the empirical study of liveability of housing/residential estates in terms of establishing the reliability and validity of the measurement constructs. Hence, it suggests that CFA analysis even with four-factor constructs can be used in future researches

THE THREAT OF TRADE-BASED MONEY LAUNDERING TO THE AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA*

Africa has dedicated considerable effort to establishing a Continental Free Trade Area to facilitate intra-African trade and deepen economic integration. However, the liberalisation and facilitation of trade on the continent would increase trade openness significantly in the markets for goods and services, thereby expanding the threat of trade-based money laundering (TBML) and undermining the potential benefits the agreement would bring to economic growth, industrialisation and sustainable development in Africa. This paper focuses on the threat of TBML to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), typically perpetrated through trade mis-invoicing as the main vehicle for illicit financial flows. It deduces that increases in the volume of trade across the continent potentially increase the vulnerability of the AfCFTA to TBML

Analysis and Evaluation of Quality of Service (QoS) Router using Round Robin (RR) and Weighted Round Robin (WRR)

The paper discuses a scheduling system for providing Quality of service (Qos) guaranteed in a network using Round Robin (RR) and Weighted Round Robin. It illustrates the simulation and analysis of data by evaluating the performance of Round Robin (RR) and Weighted Round Robin (WRR) schedulers. The evaluation and analysis of this schedulers' is based on different parameters such as the throughput, loss rate, fairness, jitter and delay Also, in analysis and evaluation of the two scheduling using different charts to demonstrate the effects of each parameter in order to decide an efficient algorithm between Round Robin (RR) and Weighted Round Robin (WRR.).The simulated output of the experiment enabled us to determine different result of parameter used and proof the schedulers that are best to used and that will help in improving the Qos in differentiated services. Keywords: Quality of Service(QoS), Round Robin (RR), Weighted Round Robin(WRR), Throughput, Scheduling, loss rate, fairness, jitter and delay